{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:41:25Z","timestamp":1763642485069,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]],"date-time":"2018-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"PROMETEO program","award":["PROMETEO-CEB-004-2015","PROMETEO- CEB-009-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROMETEO-CEB-004-2015","PROMETEO- CEB-009-2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-018-0372-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]],"date-time":"2018-11-03T18:27:10Z","timestamp":1541269630000},"page":"257-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["MDTanaliza: understanding digital elevation models when facing gravity-driven flows in a hazard assessment context"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0332-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Marrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Vasconez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Esp\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Yepes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mothes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"372_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alexanderson GL (2000) The random walks of George P\u00f3lya. Spectrum, mathematical Association of America, California. USA, DOI 0-88385-528-3 Barnikel F (2004) the value of historical documents for hazard zone mapping. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 4(4):599\u2013613. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-4-599-2004","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-4-599-2004"},{"key":"372_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barnikel F 2004. The value of historical documents for hazard zone mapping Natural. Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 599\u2013613. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-4-599-2004","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-4-599-2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"372_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-005-5182-6","volume":"37","author":"S Beguer\u00eda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beguer\u00eda S (2006) Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management. Nat Hazards 37(3):315\u2013329. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-005-5182-6","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"372_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bernard B, Battaglia J, Proa\u00f1o A, Hidalgo S, V\u00e1sconez F, Hernandez S, Ruiz M (2016) Relationship between volcanic ash fallouts and seismic tremor: quantitative assessment of the 2015 eruptive period at Cotopaxi volcano. Ecuador Bulletin of Volcanology 78(80). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00445-016-1077-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-016-1077-5"},{"key":"372_CR5","unstructured":"Berti M, Simoni A (2014) DFLOWZ: A free program to evaluate the area potentially inundated by a debris flow. Version 1.0. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali Universit di Bologna, Italy, URL \n                    http:\/\/137.204.103.162\/geoappl\/dflowz\/DFLOWZ10_Guide.pdf"},{"key":"372_CR6","volume-title":"Principles of geographical information systems","author":"PA Burrough","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"372_CR7","volume-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n geom\u00e9trica del casquete glaciar del volc\u00e1n Cotopaxi usando fotogrametr\u00eda digital","author":"B C\u00e1ceres","year":"2005","unstructured":"C\u00e1ceres B, Jordan E, Ungerechts L, Francou B, Pe\u00f1afiel A (2005) Evaluaci\u00f3n geom\u00e9trica del casquete glaciar del volc\u00e1n Cotopaxi usando fotogrametr\u00eda digital. Memorias del VI Congreso Latinoamericano de Geolog\u00eda. Quito, URL, In \n                    http:\/\/www.cepeige.org\/Revista\/CASQUETE%20GLACIAR_COTOPAXI.pdf"},{"key":"372_CR8","unstructured":"Chu T, Tsai T (1995) Comparison of accuracy and algorithms of slope and aspect measures from dem. In: Proceedings of GIS AM\/FM ASIA95, pp 21\u201324"},{"key":"372_CR9","unstructured":"EORC, JAXA (2016) Alos global digital surface model (dsm) \u201calos world 3d-30m\u201d (aw3d30) dataset. techreport, Earth Observation Research Center (EORC), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), URL \n                    http:\/\/www.eorc.jaxa.jp\/ALOS\/en\/aw3d30\/aw3d30v11_format_e.pdf\n                    \n                  , accessed on: 2015\/06\/01"},{"key":"372_CR10","unstructured":"EPPL7 Team (1992) Environmental planning and programming language, version 7, release 2.1: User\u2019s guide. techreport, Land Management Information Center"},{"issue":"3","key":"372_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4000\/geomorphologie.4022","volume":"13","author":"S Ettinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ettinger S, Mothes P, Paris R, Schilling S (2007) The 1877 lahar deposits on the eastern flank of Cotopaxi volcano. G\u00e9omorphologie: relief, processus, environnement 13(3):271\u2013280. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/geomorphologie.4022","journal-title":"G\u00e9omorphologie: relief, processus, environnement"},{"key":"372_CR12","unstructured":"Felpeto A (2002) Modelizaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica y simulaci\u00f3n num\u00e9rica de procesos eruptivos para la generaci\u00f3n de mapas de peligrosidad volc\u00e1nica. Tesis doctoral, Dep. de F\u00edsica de la Tierra, Astronom\u00eda y Astrof\u00edsica. Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid. Espa\u00f1a"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"372_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011112330766","volume":"23","author":"A Felpeto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Felpeto A, Ara\u00f1a V, Ortiz R, Astiz M, Garc\u00eda A (2001) Assessment and modelling of lava flow Hazard on Lanzarote (Canary Islands). Nat Hazards 23(2\u20133):247\u2013257. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1011112330766","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"2","key":"372_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.008","volume":"166","author":"A Felpeto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Felpeto A, Mart\u00ed J, Ortiz R (2007) Automatic GIS-based system for volcanic hazard assessment. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 166(2):106\u2013116. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.008","journal-title":"J Volcanol Geotherm Res"},{"key":"372_CR15","unstructured":"Fleming MD, Hoffer RM (1979) Machine processing of landsat mss data and dma topographic data for forest cover type mapping. In: LARS Symposia. Paper 302, pp 373\u2013390, URL \n                    http:\/\/docs.lib.purdue.edu\/lars_symp\/302"},{"key":"372_CR16","unstructured":"Garc\u00e9s C, Cspedes F, Intriago G (2012) Proyecciones de la poblaci\u00f3n de la rep\u00fablica del ecuador 2010\u20132050. techreport, Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos (INEC), URL \n                    http:\/\/www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec\/\/documentos\/web-inec\/Poblacion_y_Demografia\/Proyecciones_Poblacionales\/metodologia.pdf"},{"key":"372_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gerstenecker C, L\u00e4ufer G, Steineck D, Tiede C, Wrobel B (2005) Validation of digital elevation models around Merapi volcano, Java. Indonesia Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5(6):863\u2013876. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-5-863-2005","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-5-863-2005"},{"key":"372_CR18","unstructured":"Golden Software, LLC (2018) Raster format *.grd. URL \n                    http:\/\/www.goldensoftware.com\/\n                    \n                  , updated January 26, 2018. Golden, Colorado 80401"},{"key":"372_CR19","unstructured":"GRASS Development Team (2015) Geographic resources analysis support system (grass) software, version 7.0. software, Open Source Geospatial Foundation, URL \n                    http:\/\/grass.osgeo.org"},{"key":"372_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hall M, Mothes P (2008) The rhyolitic\u2013andesitic eruptive history of Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador. Bull Volcanol 70(6):675\u2013702. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00445-007-0161-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-007-0161-2"},{"key":"372_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s004450000120","volume":"63","author":"AJ Harris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harris AJ, Rowland S (2001) Flowgo: a kinematic thermo-rheological model for lava flowing in a channel. Bull Volcanol 63:20\u201344. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004450000120","journal-title":"Bull Volcanol"},{"issue":"1","key":"372_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1981.11918","volume":"69","author":"BK Horn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Horn BK (1981) Hill shading and the reflectance map. Proc IEEE 69(1):14\u201347 URL \n                    http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1456186\/","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"372_CR23","volume-title":"URL","author":"INEC INEC","year":"2010","unstructured":"INEC INEC (2010) Base de datos-censo de poblacin y vivienda 2010 a nivel de manzana. In: URL \n                    http:\/\/www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec\/base-de-datos-censo-de-poblacion-y-vivienda-2010-a-nivel-de-manzana\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"372_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1998)110<0972:ODOLIH>2.3.CO;2","volume":"110","author":"RM Iverson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iverson RM, Schilling SP, Vallance JW (1998) Objective delineation of lahar-inundation hazard zones. Geol Soc Am Bull 110(8):972\u2013984 URL \n                    https:\/\/profile.usgs.gov\/myscience\/upload_folder\/ci2013Mar07174554246641998.Iverson.etal.GSA.Bull.pdf","journal-title":"Geol Soc Am Bull"},{"issue":"11","key":"372_CR25","first-page":"1593","volume":"54","author":"SK Jenson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jenson SK, Domingue JO (1988) Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 54(11):1593\u20131600 URL \n                    http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.138.6487&rep=rep1&type=pdf","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng Remote Sens"},{"issue":"4","key":"372_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(98)00032-6","volume":"24","author":"KH Jones","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jones KH (1998) A comparison of algorithms used to compute hill slope as a property of the dem. Comput Geosci 24(4):315\u2013323. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0098-3004(98)00032-6","journal-title":"Comput Geosci"},{"key":"372_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jordan E, Ungerechts L, C\u00e1ceres B, Penafiel A, Francou B (2005) Estimation by photogrammetry of the glacier recession on the Cotopaxi volcano (Ecuador) between 1956 and 1997\/estimation par photogramm\u00e9trie de la r\u00e9cession glaciaire Sur le Volcan Cotopaxi (Equateur) entre 1956 et 1997. Hydrol Sci J 50(6):949\u2013961. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1623\/hysj.2005.50.6.949","DOI":"10.1623\/hysj.2005.50.6.949"},{"key":"372_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marrero J, Garc\u00eda A, Llinares A, De la Cruz-Reyna S, Ramos S, Ortiz R (2013) Virtual tools for volcanic crisis management, and evacuation decision support: applications to El Chich\u00f3n volcano (Chiapas, Mexico). Nat Hazards 68:955\u2013980, DOI \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-013-0672-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-013-0672-4"},{"key":"372_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mothes PA (1992) Lahars of Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador: hazard and risk evaluation. In: McCall G, Laming D, Scott S (eds) Geohazards. Springer, pp 53\u201363. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-011-2310-5_7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-2310-5_7"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"372_CR30","first-page":"1000","volume":"16","author":"P Mothes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mothes P, Hall ML, Andrade D, Yepes H, Pierson TC, Gorki Ruiz A, Samaniego P (2004) Character, stratigraphy and magnitude of historical lahars of Cotopaxi volcano (Ecuador). Acta Vulcanol 16(1\u20132):1000\u20131023 URL \n                    http:\/\/www.torrossa.it\/resources\/an\/2231623","journal-title":"Acta Vulcanol"},{"key":"372_CR31","unstructured":"Mothes P, Esp\u00edn P, Hall M, V\u00e1sconez F, Sierra A, Andrade D (2016a) Mapa regional de amenazas volc\u00e1nicas potenciales del volc\u00e1n cotopaxi, zona norte. Mapa de peligros, Instituto Geof\u00edsico. Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, URL \n                    http:\/\/www.igepn.edu.ec\/cotopaxi-mapa-de-peligros"},{"key":"372_CR32","unstructured":"Mothes P, Esp\u00edn P, Hall M, V\u00e1sconez F, Sierra A, Andrade D (2016b) Mapa regional de amenazas volc\u00e1nicas potenciales del volc\u00e1n cotopaxi, zona sur. Mapa de peligros, Instituto Geof\u00edsico. Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, URL \n                    http:\/\/www.igepn.edu.ec\/cotopaxi-mapa-de-peligros"},{"issue":"2","key":"372_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:2(244)","volume":"119","author":"J O\u2019brien","year":"1993","unstructured":"O\u2019brien J, Julien P, Fullerton W (1993) Two-dimensional water flood and mudflow simulation. J Hydraul Eng 119(2):244\u2013261. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:2(244)","journal-title":"J Hydraul Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"372_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-189X(84)80011-0","volume":"28","author":"JF O\u2019Callaghan","year":"1984","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan JF, Mark DM (1984) The extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 28(3):323\u2013344. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0734-189X(84)80011-0","journal-title":"Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"372_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13617-014-0016-4","volume":"3","author":"TC Pierson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pierson TC, Wood NJ, Driedger CL (2014) Reducing risk from lahar hazards: concepts, case studies, and roles for scientists. J Appl Volcanol 3(1):1\u201325. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13617-014-0016-4","journal-title":"J Appl Volcanol"},{"key":"372_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-013-0698-1","volume":"75","author":"M Pistolesi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pistolesi M, Cioni R, Rosi M, Cashman KV, Rossotti A, Aguilera E (2013) Evidence for lahar-triggering mechanisms in complex stratigraphic sequences: the post-twelfth century eruptive activity of Cotopaxi volcano. Ecuador Bulletin of volcanology 75:698. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00445-013-0698-1","journal-title":"Ecuador Bulletin of volcanology"},{"key":"372_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pistolesi M, Cioni R, Rosi M, Aguilera E (2014) Lahar hazard assessment in the southern drainage system of Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador: results from multiscale lahar simulations. Geomorphology 207:51\u201363. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geomorph.2013.10.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2013.10.026"},{"key":"372_CR38","unstructured":"QGIS Development team (2016) Qgis geographic information system. Software, open source geospatial foundation project, URL \n                    http:\/\/qgis.osgeo.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"372_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.3360050106","volume":"5","author":"P Quinn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Quinn P, Beven K, Chevallier P, Planchon O (1991) The prediction of hillslope flow paths for distributed hydrological modelling using digital terrain models. Hydrol Process 5(1):59\u201379. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.3360050106","journal-title":"Hydrol Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"372_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.4000\/bifea.2522","volume":"38","author":"D Salazar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salazar D, D\u2019Ercole R (2009) Percepci\u00f3n del riesgo asociado al volc\u00e1n Cotopaxi y vulnerabilidad en el Valle de Los Chillos (Ecuador). Bulletin de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019\u00e9tudes andines 38(3):849\u2013871 URL \n                    http:\/\/bifea.revues.org\/2522","journal-title":"Bulletin de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019\u00e9tudes andines"},{"key":"372_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schilling SP (1998) LAHARZ; GIS programs for automated mapping of lahar-inundation hazard zones. Tech. Rep. Open-file report 98\u2013638, US Geological Survey; Information Services [distributor],, URL \n                    http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1998\/0638\/report.pdf","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr98638"},{"key":"372_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schilling SP (2014) Laharz_py: GIS tools for automated mapping of lahar inundation hazard zones. Tech. Rep. Open - file report 2014\u20131073, US Geological Survey, URL \n                    http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/2014\/1073\/pdf\/ofr2014-1073.pdf","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20141073"},{"issue":"3","key":"372_CR43","first-page":"247","volume":"35","author":"DA Sharpnack","year":"1969","unstructured":"Sharpnack DA (1969) An algorithm for computing slope and aspect from elevations. Photogramm Eng 35(3):247\u2013248 URL \n                    https:\/\/www.asprs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pers\/1969journal\/mar\/1969_mar_247-248.pdf","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng"},{"key":"372_CR44","unstructured":"Shipman JW (2013) Tkinter 8.5 reference: a GUI for Python. URL \n                    http:\/\/infohost.nmt.edu\/tcc\/help\/pubs\/tkinter\/web\/index.html"},{"issue":"1845","key":"372_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2006.1818","volume":"364","author":"A Smolka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smolka A (2006) Natural disasters and the challenge of extreme events: risk management from an insurance perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364(1845):2147\u20132165. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2006.1818","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"key":"372_CR46","unstructured":"Smyth MA (1991) Movement and emplacement mechanisms of the R\u00edo Pita volcanic debris avalanche and its role in the evolution of Cotopaxi Volcano. PhD thesis, Univerity of Aberdeen, UK, URL \n                    http:\/\/gradworks.umi.com\/U5\/45\/U545613.html"},{"key":"372_CR47","unstructured":"Souris M (2006) Dem for all ecuador using continental ecuador from 1:25000, 1:50000 and 1:100000 igm topographic maps,. URL \n                    http:\/\/www.savgis.org\/ecuador.htm\n                    \n                  , accessed on: 2015\/06\/01"},{"issue":"1","key":"372_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0273(02)00307-4","volume":"119","author":"N Stevens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stevens N, Manville V, Heron D (2003) The sensitivity of a volcanic flow model to digital elevation model accuracy: experiments with digitised map contours and interferometric SAR at Ruapehu and Taranaki volcanoes, New Zealand. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 119(1):89\u2013105. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0377-0273(02)00307-4","journal-title":"J Volcanol Geotherm Res"},{"key":"372_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2495\/RM110131","volume":"146","author":"J Tang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tang J, Pilesj\u00f6 P (2011) Estimating slope from raster data: a test of eight different algorithms in flat, undulating and steep terrain. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 146:143\u2013154. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2495\/RM110131","journal-title":"Transactions on Ecology and the Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"372_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1029\/96WR03137","volume":"33","author":"DG Tarboton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tarboton DG (1997) A new method for the determination of flow directions and upslope areas in grid digital elevation models. Water Resour Res 33(2):309\u2013319. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/96WR03137","journal-title":"Water Resour Res"},{"key":"372_CR51","unstructured":"Technical Committee X3J11 on the C Programming Language (1988) Ansi c. techreport Proyect 381-D. SPARC Document 83\u2013079, American National Standards Institute (ANSI). American National Standards Committee on Computers and Information Processing, URL \n                    http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161223125339\/http:\/\/flash-gordon.me.uk:80\/ansi.c.txt"},{"key":"372_CR52","unstructured":"Travis MR, Elsner GH, Iverson WD, Johnson CG (1975) Viewit: computation of seen areas, slope, and aspect for land-use planning. techreport, Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, URL \n                    https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/psw\/publications\/documents\/psw_gtr011\/gtr-011part1.pdf"},{"key":"372_CR53","unstructured":"UN\/ISDR ISfDR (2004) Living with risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives, vol 1. United Nations Publications, New York and Geneva, URL \n                    http:\/\/www.unisdr.org\/files\/657_lwr1.pdf"},{"key":"372_CR54","unstructured":"Unwin DJ (1981) Introductory spatial analysis, vol 748. University paperbacks, London and New York"},{"key":"372_CR55","unstructured":"Wahlstrom M, Guha-Sapir D (2015) The human cost of weather-related disasters 1995\u20132015. Tech. rep., Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction., Geneva, URL \n                    https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/COP21_WeatherDisastersReport_2015_FINAL.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"372_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810500433453","volume":"20","author":"L Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang L, Liu H (2006) An efficient method for identifying and filling surface depressions in digital elevation models for hydrologic analysis and modelling. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 20(2):193\u2013213. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658810500433453","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"372_CR57","unstructured":"Wood J (1996) the geomorphological characterisation of digital elevation models. Phdthesis, University of Leicester. Dept. of geography, URL \n                    http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2381\/34503"},{"issue":"4","key":"372_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1029\/93WR03553","volume":"30","author":"W Zhang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zhang W, Montgomery DR (1994) Digital elevation model grid size, landscape representation, and hydrologic simulations. Water Resour Res 30(4):1019\u20131028. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/93WR03553","journal-title":"Water Resour Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"372_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.70.8.957","volume":"70","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Liu X (2004) Error analysis on grid-based slope and aspect algorithms. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 70(8):957\u2013962 URL \n                    https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/67fc\/0828220e7b12cd3c7b4affa70cf7376b5659.pdf","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng Remote Sens"}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0372-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0372-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0372-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T20:16:14Z","timestamp":1572725774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0372-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0372-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0473"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0481"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}