{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:14:56Z","timestamp":1759940096497,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-022-00776-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T09:04:01Z","timestamp":1645520641000},"page":"915-928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Generating digital elevation model from farm fields using smartphone"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Pazouki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"776_CR1","unstructured":"GPS Accuracy (2021) https:\/\/www.gps.gov\/systems\/gps\/performance\/accuracy\/. Accessed: 2021-12-21"},{"key":"776_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aguilar MA, Jim\u00e9nez-Lao R, Nemmaoui A, Aguilar FJ (2020) Geometric accuracy assessment of deimos-2 panchromatic stereo pairs: Sensor orientation and digital surface model production. Sensors, 20(24), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20247234, https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/24\/7234","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247234"},{"issue":"92","key":"776_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/0031-868X.00126","volume":"16","author":"JB Butler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Butler JB, Lane SN, Chandler JH (1998) Assessment of dem quality for characterizing surface roughness using close range digital photogrammetry. Photogramm Rec 16(92):271\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/0031-868X.00126","journal-title":"Photogramm Rec"},{"key":"776_CR4","unstructured":"Cheng L (2017) Algorithms study on strike and dip of structural planes using three-dimensional electronic compass. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, pp 592\u2013597"},{"key":"776_CR5","unstructured":"Maidment DT DR (2011) Computation of Slope. Tech. Rep., University of Texas at Austin"},{"key":"776_CR6","volume-title":"High resolution optical satellite imagery","author":"IJ Dowman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dowman IJ, Jacobsen K, Konecny G, Sandau R (2012) High resolution optical satellite imagery. Whittles Publishing Scotland, UK"},{"key":"776_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du K, Xin J, Shi Y, Liu D, Zhang Y (2018) A high-precision vision-based mobile robot slope detection method in unknown environment. Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), pp 3192\u20133197","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC.2018.8623151"},{"key":"776_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Durmaz AI (November 2017) Creating Digital Elevation Model Using a Mobile Device. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 44W4:203\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-4-W4-203-2017","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-4-W4-203-2017"},{"key":"776_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erdbr\u00fcgger J, van Meerveld I, Bishop K, Seibert J (2021) Effect of dem-smoothing and -aggregation on topographically-based flow directions and catchment boundaries. J Hydrol, p 126717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126717, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022169421007678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126717"},{"issue":"4","key":"776_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-018-0343-9","volume":"11","author":"S Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee S, Suh J, Choi Y (2018) Review of smartphone applications for geoscience: current status, limitations, and future perspectives. Earth Science Informatics 11(4):463\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0343-9","journal-title":"Earth Science Informatics"},{"key":"776_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee S, Suh J, dong Park H (2013) Smart compass-clinometer: A smartphone application for easy and rapid geological site investigation, vol 61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2013.07.014, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0098300413002100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2013.07.014"},{"issue":"4","key":"776_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/10.5281\/zenodo.1218703","volume":"7","author":"A M.H. Aown","year":"2018","unstructured":"M.H. Aown A, Al-Bukhaiti K, Ameen M, Al-Gharsi M, Al-Falahi M (2018) Studying the accuracy of elevation measurements in the positioning system gnss in comparison of conventional leveling methods. International Journal Of Engineering Sciences Research Technology 7(4):493\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/10.5281\/zenodo.1218703","journal-title":"International Journal Of Engineering Sciences Research Technology"},{"key":"776_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma Y, Liu H, Jiang B, Meng L, Guan H, Xu M, Cui Y, Kong F, Yin Y, Wang M (2020) An innovative approach for improving the accuracy of digital elevation models for cultivated land. Remote Sens, 12(20), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12203401, https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/20\/3401","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12203401"},{"key":"776_CR14","unstructured":"Mathworks (2021) Capturing azimuth, pitch, and roll example, https:\/\/www.mathworks.com. Accessed: 2021-08-12"},{"key":"776_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohamed EA, Albert YG, Amr EM (2020) Improving the accuracy of rtk-gnss data in digital elevation model. In: Proceedings of the 2020 3rd International Conference on Geoinformatics and Data Analysis. ICGDA 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3397056.3397071. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp 86\u201390","DOI":"10.1145\/3397056.3397071"},{"key":"776_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.09.001","volume":"142","author":"M Mokarram","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mokarram M, Hojati M (2017) Morphometric analysis of stream as one of resources for agricultural lands irrigation using high spatial resolution of digital elevation model (dem). Comput Electron Agric 142:190\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2017.09.001, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S016816991731089X","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"776_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2019.104903","volume":"164","author":"A Nemmaoui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nemmaoui A, Aguilar FJ, Aguilar MA, Qin R (2019) Dsm and dtm generation from vhr satellite stereo imagery over plastic covered greenhouse areas. Comput Electron Agric 164:104903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2019.104903, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S016816991830262X","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"776_CR18","unstructured":"Trendov MZ NM (2019) Digital technologies in agriculture and rural areas. Tech. Rep., FAO"},{"issue":"3","key":"776_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2005.02.017","volume":"79","author":"P Pilesj\u00f6","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pilesj\u00f6 P, Persson A, Harrie L (2006) Digital elevation data for estimation of potential wetness in ridged fields\u2013comparison of two different methods. Agric Water Manag 79(3):225\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agwat.2005.02.017, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378377405001320","journal-title":"Agric Water Manag"},{"key":"776_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polidori L, El Hage M (2020) Digital elevation model quality assessment methods: A critical review. Remote Sens, 12(21), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12213522, https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/21\/3522","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213522"},{"key":"776_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2014.12.008","volume":"150","author":"M Turunen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turunen M, Warsta L, Paasonen-Kivek\u00e4s M, Nurminen J, Alakukku L, Myllys M, Koivusalo H (2015) Effects of terrain slope on long-term and seasonal water balances in clayey, subsurface drained agricultural fields in high latitude conditions. Agric Water Manag 150:139\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agwat.2014.12.008, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378377414003928","journal-title":"Agric Water Manag"},{"key":"776_CR22","unstructured":"Veness C (2021) Calculate distance, bearing and more between latitude\/longitude points, https:\/\/www.movable-type.co.uk\/scripts\/latlong.html. Accessed: 2021-08-13"},{"key":"776_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2019.104393","volume":"136","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Ju N, He C, Cai J, Zheng D (2020) Assessment of the accuracy of several methods for measuring the spatial attitude of geological bodies using an android smartphone. Computers & Geosciences 136:104393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2019.104393, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0098300419303991","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"key":"776_CR24","volume-title":"Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data, vol 1","author":"DF Watson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Watson DF (1992) Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data, vol 1. Pergamon Press, Oxford"},{"key":"776_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2012.02.027","volume":"44","author":"Y-H Weng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weng Y-H, Sun F-S, Grigsby JD (2012) Geotools: An android phone application in geology. Computers & Geosciences 44:24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2012.02.027, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0098300412000830","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"key":"776_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsg.2018.06.023","volume":"125","author":"SJ Whitmeyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Whitmeyer SJ, Pyle EJ, Pavlis TL, Swanger W, Roberts L (2019) Modern approaches to field data collection and mapping: Digital methods, crowdsourcing, and the future of statistical analyses. J Struct Geol 125:29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsg.2018.06.023, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0191814117302985. Back to the future","journal-title":"J Struct Geol"}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00776-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00776-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00776-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T04:42:22Z","timestamp":1654836142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00776-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00776-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0473"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0481"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statements and Declarations"}}]}}