{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T01:01:15Z","timestamp":1777338075661,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-022-00782-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T04:40:32Z","timestamp":1647578432000},"page":"1977-1992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spatiotemporal analysis of landscape pattern and structure in the Greater Bay Area, China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zaheer","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yaolong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"782_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abbas Z et al. (2021) Spatiotemporal Change Analysis and Future Scenario of LULC Using the CA-ANN Approach: A Case Study of the Greater Bay Area, China. Land 10(6) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land10060584","DOI":"10.3390\/land10060584"},{"key":"782_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106994","volume":"121","author":"H Alphan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alphan H (2021) Multi-temporal analysis of urbanisation patterns as coastal development indicators: eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Ecol Indic 121:106994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106994","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"782_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arnold, C., et al., 30 Years of Land Cover Change in Connecticut, USA: A Case Study of Long-Term Research, Dissemination of Results, and Their Use in Land Use Planning and Natural Resource Conservation. Land, 2020. 9(8) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land9080255","DOI":"10.3390\/land9080255"},{"issue":"8","key":"782_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-005-0245-3","volume":"19","author":"M Burgi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burgi M, Hersperger AM, Schneeberger N (2005) Driving forces of landscape change - current and new directions. Landsc Ecol 19(8):857\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-005-0245-3","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"782_CR5","unstructured":"Center, R.a.E.S.a.D (n.d.). Remote sensing monitoring data of land use in China (1980\u20132020).https:\/\/www.resdc.cn\/Datalist1.aspx?FieldTyepID=1,3"},{"key":"782_CR6","unstructured":"Cheung, E., Greater Bay Area: 10 facts to put it in perspective. South China Morning Post. https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/native\/economy\/china-economy\/topics\/great-powerhouse\/article\/3002844\/greater-bay-area-10-facts-put, 2019"},{"key":"782_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dadashpoor H,Azizi P, andMoghadasi M (2019) Land use change, urbanization, and change in landscape pattern in a metropolitan area. Sci Total Environ . 655: p. 707\u2013719 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.267"},{"key":"782_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D'Eon, R.G., et al., Landscape connectivity as a function of scale and organism vagility in a real forested landscape. Conserv Ecol, 2002. 6(2) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5751\/es-00436-060210","DOI":"10.5751\/es-00436-060210"},{"issue":"2","key":"782_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810410001713407","volume":"19","author":"C Dietzel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dietzel C, Herold M, Hemphill JJ, Clarke KC (2005) Spatio-temporal dynamics in California's Central Valley: empirical links to urban theory. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 19(2):175\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658810410001713407","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"782_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-016-0341-6","volume":"31","author":"RC Estoque","year":"2016","unstructured":"Estoque RC, Murayama Y (2016) Quantifying landscape pattern and ecosystem service value changes in four rapidly urbanizing hill stations of Southeast Asia. Landsc Ecol 31(7):1481\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-016-0341-6","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"782_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.10.002","volume":"121","author":"C Fan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fan C, Myint S (2014) A comparison of spatial autocorrelation indices and landscape metrics in measuring urban landscape fragmentation. Landsc Urban Plan 121:117\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.10.002","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"782_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang, S., et al., Analysis of Landscape Patterns of Arid Valleys in China, Based on Grain Size Effect. Sustainability, 2017. 9(12) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su9122263","DOI":"10.3390\/su9122263"},{"key":"782_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.04.027","volume":"21","author":"S Frank","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frank S, F\u00fcrst C, Koschke L, Makeschin F (2012) A contribution towards a transfer of the ecosystem service concept to landscape planning using landscape metrics. Ecol Indic 21:30\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.04.027","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"782_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geist HJ and Lambin EF, Proximate Causes and Underlying Driving Forces of Tropical Deforestation. BioScience, 2002. 52(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0143:Pcaudf]2.0.Co;2","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0143:Pcaudf]2.0.Co;2"},{"key":"782_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gerten C, Fina S, Rusche K (2019) The sprawling planet: simplifying the measurement of global urbanization trends. Frontiers in Environ Sci 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fenvs.2019.00140","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2019.00140"},{"key":"782_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/55758","volume-title":"Understanding landscape structure using landscape metrics, in advances in landscape architecture","author":"E Gkyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gkyer E (2013) Understanding landscape structure using landscape metrics, in advances in landscape architecture. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/55758"},{"issue":"S1","key":"782_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02873085","volume":"14","author":"JA Griffith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Griffith JA (2004) The role of landscape pattern analysis in understanding concepts of land cover change. J Geogr Sci 14(S1):3\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02873085","journal-title":"J Geogr Sci"},{"key":"782_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3109396","volume":"2016","author":"T Guangjin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guangjin T, Xinliang X, Xiaojuan L, Lingqiang K (2016) The comparison and modeling of the driving factors of urban Expansion for thirty-five big cities in the three regions in China. Adv Meteorol 2016:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3109396","journal-title":"Adv Meteorol"},{"key":"782_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haddad NM, Brudvig LA, Clobert J, Davies KF, Gonzalez A, Holt RD, Lovejoy TE, Sexton JO, Austin MP, Collins CD, Cook WM, Damschen EI, Ewers RM, Foster BL, Jenkins CN, King AJ, Laurance WF, Levey DJ, Margules CR et al (2015) Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth's ecosystems. Sci Adv 1(2):e1500052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.1500052","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500052"},{"issue":"3","key":"782_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-4257(03)00075-0","volume":"86","author":"M Herold","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herold M, Goldstein NC, Clarke KC (2003) The spatiotemporal form of urban growth: measurement, analysis and modeling. Remote Sens Environ 86(3):286\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0034-4257(03)00075-0","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"782_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2016.06.026","volume":"57","author":"B H\u00fcse","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00fcse B, Szab\u00f3 S, De\u00e1k B, T\u00f3thm\u00e9r\u00e9sz B (2016) Mapping an ecological network of green habitat patches and their role in maintaining urban biodiversity in and around Debrecen city (eastern Hungary). Land Use Policy 57:574\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landusepol.2016.06.026","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"782_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2015.11.006","volume":"31","author":"M Jung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jung M (2016) LecoS \u2014 a python plugin for automated landscape ecology analysis. Ecological Informatics 31:18\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2015.11.006","journal-title":"Ecological Informatics"},{"key":"782_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kamusoko C, Aniya M (2007) Land use\/cover change and landscape fragmentation analysis in the Bindura District. Zimbabwe Land Degradation & Development 18(2):221\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ldr.761","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.761"},{"issue":"1","key":"782_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/0265813516663932","volume":"45","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J-H, Li W, Newman G, Kil SH, Park SY (2016) The influence of urban landscape spatial patterns on single-family housing prices. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45(1):26\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0265813516663932","journal-title":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science"},{"key":"782_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2014.12.011","volume":"75","author":"K K\u0159ov\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2015","unstructured":"K\u0159ov\u00e1kov\u00e1 K, Semer\u00e1dov\u00e1 S, Mudrochov\u00e1 M, Skalo\u0161 J (2015) Landscape functions and their change \u2013 a review on methodological approaches. Ecol Eng 75:378\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2014.12.011","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"key":"782_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.06.032","volume":"82","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Peng J, Yanxu L, Yi\u2019na H (2017) Urbanization impact on landscape patterns in Beijing City, China: a spatial heterogeneity perspective. Ecol Indic 82:50\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.06.032","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"782_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li J, Liu Y, Pu R, Yuan Q, Shi X, Guo Q, Song X (2018) Coastline and landscape changes in bay areas caused by human activities: a comparative analysis of Xiangshan Bay, China and Tampa Bay. USA Journal of Geographical Sciences 28(8):1127\u20131151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11442-018-1546-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-018-1546-1"},{"key":"782_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2016.06.023","volume":"145","author":"P Liang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liang P, Yang X (2016) Landscape spatial patterns in the Maowusu (mu us) Sandy land, northern China and their impact factors. Catena 145:321\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.catena.2016.06.023","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"782_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, M., Xu Y., Hu Y., Li C., Sun F., Chen T., A Century of the Evolution of the Urban Area in Shenyang, China. PLoS One, 2014. 9(6) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098847, A century of the evolution of the urban area in Shenyang, China, 9","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098847"},{"issue":"5","key":"782_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-010-9454-5","volume":"25","author":"X Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu X et al (2010) A new landscape index for quantifying urban expansion using multi-temporal remotely sensed data. Landsc Ecol 25(5):671\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-010-9454-5","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"782_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-015-0175-7","volume":"30","author":"MG MacLean","year":"2015","unstructured":"MacLean MG, Congalton RG (2015) A comparison of landscape fragmentation analysis programs for identifying possible invasive plant species locations in forest edge. Landsc Ecol 30(7):1241\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-015-0175-7","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"782_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2013.856537","volume":"50","author":"MG MacLean","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacLean MG, Congalton RGJG, Sensing R (2013) PolyFrag: a vector-based program for computing landscape metrics. GISci Remote Sensing 50(6):591\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15481603.2013.856537","journal-title":"GISci Remote Sensing"},{"key":"782_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McDonald, R.I., P.J. Marcotullio, and B. G\u00fcneralp, Urbanization and global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services, in Urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystem services: Challenges and opportunities. 2013, Springer, Dordrecht p 31-52 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-7088-1_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7088-1_3"},{"key":"782_CR34","unstructured":"McGarigal, et al., FRAGSTAT v4: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical and Continuous Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 2012(Available at: http:\/\/www.umass.edu\/landeco\/research\/fragstats\/fragstats.html)"},{"issue":"3","key":"782_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.2193\/2005-738","volume":"71","author":"DA Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller DA, Conner LM (2007) Habitat selection of female turkeys in a managed pine landscape in Mississippi. J Wildl Manag 71(3):744\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2193\/2005-738","journal-title":"J Wildl Manag"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"782_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2003.09.003","volume":"101","author":"H Nagendra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nagendra H, Munroe DK, Southworth J (2004) From pattern to process: landscape fragmentation and the analysis of land use\/land cover change. Agric Ecosyst Environ 101(2\u20133):111\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2003.09.003","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"782_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1504\/AJESD.2015.071908","volume":"4","author":"OO Ololade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ololade OO, Annegarn HJ (2015) Dynamics of land use\/cover changes and landscape fragmentation analysis in Rustenburg area, South Africa. Afr J Econ Sust Development 4(3):234\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/AJESD.2015.071908","journal-title":"Afr J Econ Sust Development"},{"key":"782_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsase.2020.100454","volume":"21","author":"S Pal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pal S, Singha P, Lepcha K, Debanshi S, Talukdar S, Saha TK (2021) Proposing multicriteria decision based valuation of ecosystem services for fragmented landscape in mountainous environment. Remote Sensing Appl: Soc Environ 21:100454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rsase.2020.100454","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Appl: Soc Environ"},{"key":"782_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng J, Shen H, Wu W, Liu Y, Wang Y (2015) Net primary productivity (NPP) dynamics and associated urbanization driving forces in metropolitan areas: a case study in Beijing City. China Landscape Ecology 31(5):1077\u20131092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-015-0319-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-015-0319-9"},{"key":"782_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pyngrope, O.R., et al., Investigating forest fragmentation through earth observation datasets and metric analysis in the tropical rainforest area. SN Applied Sciences, 2021. 3(7) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42452-021-04683-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-021-04683-5"},{"key":"782_CR41","unstructured":"Rempel RS, D. Kaukinen, and Carr AAP, Patch Analyst and Patch Grid. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, Ontario. Available at:http:\/\/www.cnfer.on.ca\/SEP\/patchanalyst\/. 2012"},{"key":"782_CR42","unstructured":"Research, C.f.L.U.E. (n.d.) Landscape Fragmentation Tool v2.0.https:\/\/clear.uconn.edu\/tools\/lft\/lft2\/data.htm"},{"key":"782_CR43","unstructured":"Rudnick, D., et al., The role of landscape connectivity in planning and implementing conservation and restoration priorities. Issues in Ecology, 2012. 16(Availabe at: https:\/\/scholars.unh.edu\/geog_facpub\/19\/)"},{"key":"782_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schindler S, Poirazidis K, Wrbka T (2008) Towards a core set of landscape metrics for biodiversity assessments: a case study from Dadia National Park. Greece Ecological Indicators 8(5):502\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2007.06.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2007.06.001"},{"key":"782_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.10.008","volume":"61","author":"E Schwoertzig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwoertzig E, Poulin N, Hardion L, Tr\u00e9moli\u00e8res M (2016) Plant ecological traits highlight the effects of landscape on riparian plant communities along an urban\u2013rural gradient. Ecol Indic 61:568\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.10.008","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"782_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi, K., et al., Urban Expansion and Agricultural Land Loss in China: A Multiscale Perspective. Sustainability, 2016. 8(8) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su8080790","DOI":"10.3390\/su8080790"},{"key":"782_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.11.047","volume":"99","author":"S Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh S, Reddy CS, Pasha SV, Dutta K, Saranya KRL, Satish KV (2017) Modeling the spatial dynamics of deforestation and fragmentation using multi-layer perceptron neural network and landscape fragmentation tool. Ecol Eng 99:543\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.11.047","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"issue":"7720","key":"782_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0411-9","volume":"560","author":"XP Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song XP, Hansen MC, Stehman SV, Potapov PV, Tyukavina A, Vermote EF, Townshend JR (2018) Global land change from 1982 to 2016. Nature 560(7720):639\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0411-9","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"782_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song Y et al The application of spatial Lorenz curve (SLC) and Gini coefficient in measuring land use structure change. In 2010 18th international conference on Geoinformatics. 2010. IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GEOINFORMATICS.2010.5567808","DOI":"10.1109\/GEOINFORMATICS.2010.5567808"},{"key":"782_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.02.018","volume":"43","author":"BN Sowi\u0144ska-\u015awierkosz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sowi\u0144ska-\u015awierkosz BN, Soszy\u0144ski D (2014) Landscape structure versus the effectiveness of nature conservation: Roztocze region case study (Poland). Ecol Indic 43:143\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.02.018","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"782_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-008-0258-x","volume":"151","author":"J Tang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tang J, Wang X (2009) Analysis of the land use structure changes based on Lorenz curves. Environ Monit Assess 151(1\u20134):175\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-008-0258-x","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"782_CR52","first-page":"418","volume":"2020","author":"UN-Habitat, World Cities Report","year":"2020","unstructured":"UN-Habitat, World Cities Report (2020) The value of sustainable urbanization. UN-Habitat 2020:418","journal-title":"UN-Habitat"},{"key":"782_CR53","unstructured":"United Nations, D.o.E.a.S.A., Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The Revision. 2018. ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/420"},{"key":"782_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uuemaa, E., et al., Landscape Metrics and Indices: An Overview of Their Use in Landscape Research. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 2009. 3https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12942\/lrlr-2009-1","DOI":"10.12942\/lrlr-2009-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"782_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-009-9347-7","volume":"25","author":"PH Verburg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verburg PH et al (2009) Trajectories of land use change in Europe: a model-based exploration of rural futures. Landsc Ecol 25(2):217\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-009-9347-7","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"782_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-006-9013-2","volume":"22","author":"P Vogt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vogt P, Riitters KH, Estreguil C, Kozak J, Wade TG, Wickham JD (2006) Mapping spatial patterns with morphological image processing. Landsc Ecol 22(2):171\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-006-9013-2","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"782_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen, D., et al., Spatial Pattern Analysis of the Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Based on Deep Learning Method. Sustainability, 2021. 13(13) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13137044","DOI":"10.3390\/su13137044"},{"issue":"4","key":"782_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.01.009","volume":"81","author":"Y-C Weng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weng Y-C (2007) Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to urbanization. Landsc Urban Plan 81(4):341\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.01.009","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"issue":"1","key":"782_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2008.01460.x","volume":"97","author":"NSG Williams","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williams NSG, Schwartz MW, Vesk PA, McCarthy MA, Hahs AK, Clemants SE, Corlett RT, Duncan RP, Norton BA, Thompson K, McDonnell MJ (2009) A conceptual framework for predicting the effects of urban environments on floras. J Ecol 97(1):4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2008.01460.x","journal-title":"J Ecol"},{"key":"782_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan, F., et al., The Effects of Spatiotemporal Changes in Land Degradation on Ecosystem Services Values in Sanjiang Plain, China. Remote Sens, 2016. 8(11) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs8110917","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8110917"},{"key":"782_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136763","volume":"715","author":"G Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang G, Zhao Y, Xing H, Fu Y, Liu G, Kang X, Mai X (2020) Understanding the changes in spatial fairness of urban greenery using time-series remote sensing images: a case study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay. Sci Total Environ 715:136763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136763","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"782_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5572652","volume":"2021","author":"W Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang W, Xi X, Guo L, Chen Z, Ma Y (2021) Guangzhou Digital City landscape planning based on spatial information from the perspective of Smart City. Math Probl Eng 2021:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5572652","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"782_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su7010001","volume":"7","author":"Y Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang Y, Zhang S, Wang D, Yang J, Xing X (2014) Spatiotemporal changes of farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China, 1954\u20132005: a case study in Zhenlai County, Jilin Province. Sustainability 7(1):1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su7010001","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"16","key":"782_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12162615","volume":"12","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yu L, Li X, Zhang C, Shi T, Wu X, Yang C, Gao W, Li Q, Wu G (2020b) Exploring annual urban expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: spatiotemporal features and driving factors in 1986\u20132017. Remote Sens 12(16):2615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12162615","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"782_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106259","volume":"114","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Chen C, Wang J, Yang D, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Gao M (2020a) The spatial granularity effect, changing landscape patterns, and suitable landscape metrics in the three gorges reservoir area, 1995\u20132015. Ecol Indic 114:106259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106259","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"782_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, Q., Wen Z., Chen S., Ding S., Zhang M., Quantifying land use\/land cover and landscape pattern changes and impacts on ecosystem services. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019. 17(1) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17010126, 17","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010126"},{"issue":"10","key":"782_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076165","volume":"8","author":"X Zheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheng X, Xia T, Yang X, Yuan T, Hu Y (2013) The land Gini coefficient and its application for land use structure analysis in China. PLoS One 8(10):e76165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0076165","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-022-00802-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000}}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00782-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00782-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00782-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T10:13:06Z","timestamp":1660990386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00782-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00782-y","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s12145-022-00802-x","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0473","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0481","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2022","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00802-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00802-x","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}