{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:45:02Z","timestamp":1787165102150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-024-01572-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T13:26:15Z","timestamp":1733923575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protecting location privacy: An approach with error-based transformation and mercator projection-based transformation for geospatial vector data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anagha","family":"Aher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangita","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1572_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aher A, Chaudhari S (2023) Location privacy preservation of geospatial data using error based transformation. In: IGARSS 2023-2023 IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium. IEEE, pp 7093\u20137096","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS52108.2023.10281495"},{"key":"1572_CR2","unstructured":"AMAP (2024) Amap: Leading provider of digital map in China - Alibaba Cloud Case Study. https:\/\/www.alibabacloud.com\/en\/customers\/autonavi?_p_lc=1. Accessed 02 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR3","unstructured":"AWS-Privacy (2024) Data Privacy - Amazon Web Services (AWS). https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/compliance\/data-privacy\/. Accessed Oct 02 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR4","unstructured":"Appleby A (2011) MurmurHash3. https:\/\/github.com\/aappleby\/smhasher\/blob\/master\/src\/MurmurHash3.cpp. Accessed 24 May 2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"1572_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-024-01256-z","volume":"17","author":"M Ajitesh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ajitesh M, Deekshith M, Rajan Arun A, Vetriselvi V, Hemanth D (2024) Edgeshield: Attack resistant secure and privacy-aware remote sensing image retrieval system for military and geological applications using edge computing. Earth Sci Inf 17(3):2275\u20132302","journal-title":"Earth Sci Inf"},{"key":"1572_CR6","unstructured":"AWS2024 (2024) Amazon location service features. https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/location\/features\/. Accessed 02 Oct 2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"1572_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.9717\/kmms.2015.18.7.818","volume":"18","author":"N Bang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bang N, Moon K-S, Lim S, Lee S-H, Kwon K-R (2015) Selective encryption scheme for vector map data using chaotic map. J Korea Multimed Soc 18(7):818\u2013826","journal-title":"J Korea Multimed Soc"},{"key":"1572_CR8","unstructured":"China I (2022) IDC Innovators: Privacy-preserving computation, 2022. https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=AP48802722. Accessed 02 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhari S, Venkatachalam P, Buddhiraju KM (2019) Secure outsourcing of geospatial vector data. In: IGARSS 2019-2019 IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium, pp 871\u2013874. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2019.8898855"},{"key":"1572_CR10","unstructured":"DataBreachToday (2024) Online supermarket BigBasket investigates data leak Report. https:\/\/www.databreachtoday.com\/online-supermarket-bigbasket-investigates-data-leak-report-a-15331#:~:text=The%20Cyble%20researchers%20first%20alerted,50%25%20stake%20in%20the%20company. Accessed 01 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong K, Tao Z, Xia X, Chen Z, Yang M (2021) Preserving privacy for discrete location information. In: 2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), pp 360\u2013365. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCWD49262.2021.9437703"},{"key":"1572_CR12","unstructured":"Farrall F, Mittal N, Narra C, Tello J, Dow EM (2022) Data-sharing technologies made easy - Deloitte insights. https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/insights\/focus\/tech-trends\/2022\/data-sharing-technologies.html. Accessed 02 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giao PN, Kwon O-J, Lee S-H, Kwon K-R (2016) Perceptual encryption method for vector map based on geometric transformations. In: 2016 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), pp 1\u20134. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/APSIPA.2016.7820846"},{"key":"1572_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giao PN, Lee S-H, Moon K-S, Kwon K-R (2017) Gis vector map perceptual encryption scheme using geometric objects. In: Information Security Applications: 17th International Workshop, WISA 2016, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2016, Revised Selected Papers 17, pp 210\u2013220. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56549-1_18"},{"key":"1572_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong D, Jung W, Shim K (2021) Collecting geospatial data with local differential privacy for personalized services. In: 2021 IEEE 37th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), pp 2237\u20132242. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE51399.2021.00230"},{"key":"1572_CR16","unstructured":"Israel M (2024) Mercator Projection. https:\/\/personal.math.ubc.ca\/~israel\/m103\/mercator\/mercator.html. Accessed 31 May 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR17","first-page":"81","volume":"8","author":"C Jinping","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jinping C, Liming Z, Meirong J, Hao W (2020) Digital fingerprint algorithm for vector spatial data using gd-pbibd coding. Bull Surv Mapp 8:81","journal-title":"Bull Surv Mapp"},{"key":"1572_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang H, Wang M, Zhao P, Xiao Z, Dustdar S (2021) A utility-aware general framework with quantifiable privacy preservation for destination prediction in lbss. IEEE\/ACM Trans Networking 29(5):2228\u20132241","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2021.3084251"},{"key":"1572_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Zhang K, Qian Y, Hu RQ (2022) Preserving location privacy and accurate task allocation in edge-assisted mobile crowdsensing. In: 2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp 704\u2013709. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771956"},{"key":"1572_CR20","unstructured":"Krebs B (2024) FCC Fines Major U.S. Wireless Carriers for selling customer location data. https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2024\/04\/fcc-fines-major-u-s-wireless-carriers-for-selling-customer-location-data\/. Accessed: 01 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45895","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2978488","volume":"8","author":"S Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu S, Wang JH, Wang J, Zhang Q (2020) Achieving user-defined location privacy preservation using a p2p system. IEEE Access 8:45895\u201345912","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1572_CR22","unstructured":"Mesaugat, contributors (2020) Nepal District Dataset. This repository has been archived by the owner on Sep 25, 2020. It is now read-only. Polygon dataset consisting of 775 polygon features representing the districts of Nepal. The dataset includes geospatial attributes and projection information necessary for spatial transformations and privacy preservation techniques. https:\/\/github.com\/mesaugat\/geoJSON-Nepal"},{"key":"1572_CR23","unstructured":"MSAzure (2024) Data Privacy in the Trusted Cloud - Microsoft Azure. https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/explore\/trusted-cloud\/privacy\/. Accessed 02 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navidan H, Moghtadaiee V, Nazaran N, Alishahi M (2022) Hide me behind the noise: Local differential privacy for indoor location privacy. In: 2022 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS &PW), pp 514\u2013523. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSPW55150.2022.00061"},{"key":"1572_CR25","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap (2024a) Jersey Point Dataset. Coordinates: 40.722230, -74.045729. https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/search?query=40.722230%2C%20-74.045729#map=11\/40.7222\/-74.0457"},{"key":"1572_CR26","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap (2024b) Jersey Polygon Dataset. Coordinates: 40.722230, -74.045729. https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/search?query=40.722230%2C%20-74.045729#map=11\/40.7222\/-74.0457"},{"key":"1572_CR27","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap (2024c) Nashik District Dataset. Coordinates: 20.00116, 73.79345. https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/search?query=20.00116%2C73.79345#map=11\/20.0014\/73.7938"},{"key":"1572_CR28","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap (2024d) Nashik Line Dataset. Coordinates: 20.00116, 73.79345. https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/search?query=20.00116%2C73.79345#map=11\/20.0014\/73.7938"},{"key":"1572_CR29","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap (2024e) Nashik Region Dataset. Coordinates: 20.00116, 73.79345. https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/search?query=20.00116%2C73.79345#map=11\/20.0014\/73.7938"},{"key":"1572_CR30","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap (2024f) OpenStreetMap: Shimla. Coordinates: 31.0789, 77.1564. https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/search?query=31.0789%2C%2077.1564#map=11\/31.0789\/77.1564"},{"issue":"22","key":"1572_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.3390\/app9224889","volume":"9","author":"GN Pham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pham GN, Ngo ST, Bui AN, Tran DV, Lee S-H, Kwon K-R (2019) Vector map random encryption algorithm based on multi-scale simplification and gaussian distribution. Appl Sci 9(22):4889","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"1572_CR32","unstructured":"(PSA) PSA (2015) Philippines PSGC Shapefiles: Administrative Boundaries and Roads. GitHub. Accessed 29 Sept 2024. https:\/\/github.com\/altcoder\/philippines-psgc-shapefiles"},{"issue":"21","key":"1572_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16165","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3016466","volume":"8","author":"G Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu G, Guo D, Shen Y, Tang G, Chen S (2020) Mobile semantic-aware trajectory for personalized location privacy preservation. IEEE Internet Things J 8(21):16165\u201316180","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"1572_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren Y, Li X, Miao Y, Deng R, Weng J, Ma S, Ma J (2022) Distpreserv: maintaining user distribution for privacy-preserving location-based services. IEEE Trans Mob Comput","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3141398"},{"key":"1572_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-021-00684-5","volume":"14","author":"N Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren N, Zhao M, Zhu C, Sun X, Zhao Y (2021) Commutative encryption and watermarking based on svd for secure gis vector data. Earth Sci Inf 14:2249\u20132263","journal-title":"Earth Sci Inf"},{"key":"1572_CR36","unstructured":"Secure-AMAP (2024) Building Secure IoT Networks with AliOS Things. https:\/\/www.alibabacloud.com\/blog\/building-secure-iot-networks-with-alios-things_595719. Accessed 02 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sule R, Chaudhari S (2018) Preserving location privacy in geosocial applications using error based transformation. In: 2018\u00a0International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET), pp 1\u20134. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCET.2018.8537293"},{"key":"1572_CR38","unstructured":"Scientific A (2011) Offshore Wells 2011 Shapefile Dataset. GitHub. Accessed 29 Sept 2024. https:\/\/github.com\/agilescientific\/xlines\/blob\/master\/data\/offshore_wells_2011_Geographic_NAD27.shp"},{"key":"1572_CR39","unstructured":"System E (2024) Real-Life Examples of Insider Threat Caused Data Breaches. https:\/\/www.ekransystem.com\/en\/blog\/real-life-examples-insider-threat-caused-breaches. Accessed 01 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1572_CR40","unstructured":"TechRepublic (2024) State of Data Breach in Australia 2024. https:\/\/www.techrepublic.com\/article\/state-of-data-breach-australia-2024\/. Accessed 01 Oct 2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"1572_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6969","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3115849","volume":"9","author":"J Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang J, Zhu H, Lu R, Lin X, Li H, Wang F (2021) Dlp: Achieve customizable location privacy with deceptive dummy techniques in lbs applications. IEEE Internet Things J 9(9):6969\u20136984","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1572_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8931092","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8931092","volume":"2023","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Z, Qin J, Xiang X, Tan Y (2023) Privacy-preserving image retrieval based on disordered local histograms and vision transformer in cloud computing. Int J Intell Syst 2023(1):8931092","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"1572_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10050311","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang X, Yan H, Zhang L (2021) Vector map encryption algorithm based on double random position permutation strategy. ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf 10(5):311","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf"},{"issue":"2","key":"1572_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/14498596.2021.1982420","volume":"68","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Yan H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Li P (2023) An encryption algorithm for vector maps based on the gaussian random and haar transform. J Spat Sci 68(2):303\u2013318","journal-title":"J Spat Sci"},{"key":"1572_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Li Y (2023) A zero-watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data based on feature invariants. Earth Sci Inf 16(1):1073\u20131089","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-022-00886-5"},{"key":"1572_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia Z, Lu L, Qiu T, Shim H, Chen X, Jeon B (2019) A privacy-preserving image retrieval based on ac-coefficients and color histograms in cloud environment. Comput Mater Contin 58(1)","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2019.02688"},{"key":"1572_CR47","unstructured":"YAFU (2024) YAFU: Yet Another Factoring Utility. Accessed 01 Oct 2024. https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/yafu\/"},{"key":"1572_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95843","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995504","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Gao L, Zheng J, Wei W (2020) Location privacy preservation mechanism for location-based service with incomplete location data. IEEE Access 8:95843\u201395854","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"1572_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-023-01034-3","volume":"16","author":"Q Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan Q, Yan H, Zhang L, Wang X, Li P, Yan X (2023) Dna dynamic coding-based encryption algorithm for vector map considering global objects. Earth Sci Inf 16(3):2939\u20132954","journal-title":"Earth Sci Inf"},{"key":"1572_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Hu J (2022) To hide anchor\u2019s position in range-based wireless localization via secret sharing. IEEE Wirel Commun Lett","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3166532"},{"key":"1572_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Sun X, Chen S, Liang Y (2022) Lpps-agc: Location privacy protection strategy based on alt-geohash coding in location-based services. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2022","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3984099"},{"issue":"5","key":"1572_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2842470","volume":"5","author":"S Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang G, Bhuiyan MZA, Liu Q (2018) A dual privacy preserving scheme in continuous location-based services. IEEE Internet Things J 5(5):4191\u20134200","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01572-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01572-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01572-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T04:07:27Z","timestamp":1745640447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01572-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01572-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0473","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0481","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23"}}