{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:55:39Z","timestamp":1778799339778,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-024-01666-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T11:50:30Z","timestamp":1736941830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of a three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion program considering topography with cell-centered finite volume method"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1976.tb01280.x","volume":"47","author":"CR Brewitt-Taylor","year":"1976","unstructured":"Brewitt-Taylor CR, Weaver JT (1976) On the Finite Difference Solution of Two-Dimensional Induction Problems. Geophys J Roy Astron Soc 47:375\u2013396","journal-title":"Geophys J Roy Astron Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggy462","volume":"216","author":"H Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong H, Egbert GD (2019) Divergence-Free Solutions to Electromagnetic Forward and Adjoint Problems: A Regularization Approach. Geophys J Int 216(2):906\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gji\/ggy462","journal-title":"Geophys J Int"},{"key":"1666_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03353041","volume":"54","author":"EY Fomenko","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fomenko EY, Mogi T (2002) A New Computation Method for a Staggered Grid of 3D EM Field Conservative Modeling. Earth Planets Space 54:499\u2013509","journal-title":"Earth Planets Space"},{"issue":"7","key":"1666_CR4","first-page":"52","volume":"47","author":"M Fujiwara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fujiwara M, Yoshida M, Fujino S (2006) BiCGSafe Method with Crout Version of ILU Decomposition Giving Triple Safe Keys for Convergence. IPSJ Trans Adv Comput Syst 47(7):52\u201360","journal-title":"IPSJ Trans Adv Comput Syst"},{"issue":"B2","key":"1666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1029\/JB094iB02p01913","volume":"94","author":"RW Groom","year":"1989","unstructured":"Groom RW, Bailey RC (1989) Decomposition of Magnetotelluric Impedance Tensors in the Presence of Local Three-Dimensional Galvanic Distortion. J Geophys Res 94(B2):1913\u20131925","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"1666_CR6","unstructured":"Jacobi B, Guennebaud G, other contributor (2024) Eigen. https:\/\/eigen.tuxfamily.org\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggv257","volume":"202","author":"H Jahandari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jahandari H, Farquharson CG (2015) Finite-Volume Modelling of Geophysical Electromagnetic Data on Unstructured Grids Using Potentials. Geophys J Int 202(3):1859\u20131876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gji\/ggv257","journal-title":"Geophys J Int"},{"key":"1666_CR8","unstructured":"Kashiwagi M (2024) Kv - a C++ library for verified numerical computation. https:\/\/verifiedby.me\/"},{"issue":"May","key":"1666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2014.01.010","volume":"66","author":"A Kelbert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kelbert A, Meqbel N, Egbert GD, Tandon K (2014) ModEM: A Modular System for Inversion of Electromagnetic Geophysical Data. Comput Geosci 66(May):40\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2014.01.010","journal-title":"Comput Geosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B17","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2168007","volume":"71","author":"Kerry W Key","year":"2006","unstructured":"Key Kerry W, Constable Steven C, Weiss Chester J (2006) Mapping 3D Salt Using the 2D Marine Magnetotelluric Method: Case Study from Gemini Prospect, Gulf of Mexico. Geophysics 71(1):B17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/1.2168007","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-2132\/8\/1\/004","volume":"8","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Kim Y (2011) A Unified Transformation Function for Lower and Upper Bounding Constraints on Model Parameters in Electrical and Electromagnetic Inversion. J Geophys Eng 8(1):21\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-2132\/8\/1\/004","journal-title":"J Geophys Eng"},{"key":"1666_CR12","unstructured":"Kingma Diederik P, and Jimmy Ba (2014) \u201cAdam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization,\u201d December. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1412.6980."},{"key":"1666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105557","volume":"185","author":"Minghong Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Minghong, Sun Huaifeng, Liu Rui, Liqiang Hu, Kong Ruijin, Liu Shangbin (2024) Efficient Geo-Electromagnetic Modeling Techniques for Complex Geological Structures: A Karst MT Example. Comp Geosci 185:105557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105557","journal-title":"Comp Geosci"},{"key":"1666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1443407","volume":"58","author":"Randall L Mackie","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mackie Randall L, Madden Theodore R, Wannamaker Philip E (1993) Three-Dimensional Magnetotelluric Modeling Using Difference Equations - Theory and Comparisons to Integral Equation Solutions. Geophysics 58:215 (http:\/\/segdl.org\/)","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggt066","volume":"193","author":"MP Miensopust","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miensopust MP, Queralt P, Jones AG, Avdeev D, Avdeeva A, B\u00f6rner RU, Bosch D et al (2013) Magnetotelluric 3-D Inversion-a Review of Two Successful Workshops on Forward and Inversion Code Testing and Comparison. Geophys J Int 193(3):1216\u20131238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gji\/ggt066","journal-title":"Geophys J Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2478.2007.00614.x","volume":"55","author":"MJ Nam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nam MJ, Kim HJ, Song Y, Lee TJ, Son J-S, Suh JH (2007) 3D Magnetotelluric Modelling Including Surface Topography. Geophys Prospect 55(2):277\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2478.2007.00614.x","journal-title":"Geophys Prospect"},{"key":"1666_CR17","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara K (2024) OptimLib. https:\/\/www.kthohr.com\/optimlib.html"},{"key":"1666_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015021006018","volume":"23","author":"Y Ogawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ogawa Y (2002) ON two-dimensional modeling of magnetotelluric field data. Surv Geophys 23:251\u2013273","journal-title":"Surv Geophys"},{"key":"1666_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.02978.x","author":"RE Plessix","year":"2006","unstructured":"Plessix RE (2006) A Review of the Adjoint-State Method for Computing the Gradient of a Functional with Geophysical Applications. Geophys J Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.02978.x","journal-title":"Geophys J Int"},{"key":"1666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodi W (2007) A technique for improving the accuracy of finite element solutions for magnetotelluric data. Geophys J Roy Astron Soc 44:483\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1976.tb03669.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1976.tb03669.x"},{"key":"1666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03353406","volume":"56","author":"Yutaka Sasaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sasaki Yutaka (2004) Three-Dimensional Inversion of Static-Shifted Magnetotelluric Data. Earth Planets Space 56:239","journal-title":"Earth Planets Space"},{"key":"1666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03351724","volume":"54","author":"Weerachai Siripunvaraporn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Siripunvaraporn Weerachai, Egbert Gary, Lenbury Yongwimon (2002) Numerical Accuracy of Magnetotelluric Modeling: A Comparison of Finite Difference Approximations. Lett Earth Planets Space. 54:721","journal-title":"Lett Earth Planets Space."},{"issue":"(1-3 SPEC. ISS.","key":"1666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pepi.2004.08.023","volume":"150","author":"Weerachai Siripunvaraporn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Siripunvaraporn Weerachai, Egbert Gary, Lenbury Yongwimon, Uyeshima Makoto (2005) Three-Dimensional Magnetotelluric Inversion: Data-Space Method. Phys Earth Planet Inter 150((1-3 SPEC. ISS.)):3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pepi.2004.08.023","journal-title":"Phys Earth Planet Inter"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR24","first-page":"195","volume":"67","author":"S Takakura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Takakura S (2014) Estimation of a Regional Geothermal System by the Electromagnetic Exploration. Butsuri-Tansa 67(3):195\u2013203","journal-title":"Butsuri-Tansa"},{"key":"1666_CR25","unstructured":"Toh, Hiroaki, Adam Schultz, and Makoto Uyeshima. 2000. \u201cElectromagnetic Induction in Fully Heterogeneous Spheres Using the Staggered Grid Finite Difference Method.\u201d"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR26","first-page":"7","volume":"44","author":"T Uchida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uchida T (2022) Consideration on Three-Dimensional Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data by Finite-Difference Modeling Including Topography: Data Interpretation at Northern Hakkoda Area. J Geotherm Res Soc Japan 44(1):7\u201321","journal-title":"J Geotherm Res Soc Japan"},{"key":"1666_CR27","first-page":"20090019","volume-title":"3D Finite Difference Forward Modeling of Magnetoterrulic Method Using the Library of Iterative Solvers for Linear Systems, Lis","author":"T Ueda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ueda T, Uchida T (2009) 3D Finite Difference Forward Modeling of Magnetoterrulic Method Using the Library of Iterative Solvers for Linear Systems, Lis. Transactions of the Japan Society for Computational Engineering and Science, Paper No, p 20090019"},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggv186","volume":"202","author":"Y Usui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Usui Y (2015) 3-D Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data Using Unstructured Tetrahedral Elements: Applicability to Data Affected by Topography. Geophys J Int 202(2):828\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gji\/ggv186","journal-title":"Geophys J Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1190\/geo2023-0037.1","volume":"89","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Guo R, Liu J, Li J, Liu R, Chen H, Cao X, Yin Z, Cao C (2024a) A Divergence-Free Vector Finite-Element Method for Efficient 3D Magnetotelluric Forward Modeling. Geophysics 89(1):E1-11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/geo2023-0037.1","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"1666_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3366542","volume":"62","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu J, Guo R, Pan K, Yang G, Li J, Deng X, Xue W (2024b) A Robust and Scalable Multigrid Solver for 3-D Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Diffusion Problems. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 62:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3366542","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"1666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Usui, Yoshiya, Makoto Uyeshima, Hideaki Hase, Hiroshi Ichihara, Koki Aizawa, Takao Koyama, Shin\u2019ya Sakanaka, et al. (2024) \u201cThree-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Structure Beneath a Strain Concentration Area in the Back-Arc Side of the Northeastern Japan Arc.\u201d J Geophys Res Solid Earth 129 (5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2023JB028522.","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JB028522"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1666_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-9851(97)00013-X","volume":"37","author":"MS Zhdanov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhdanov MS, Varentsov IM, Weaver JT, Golubev NG, Krylov VA (1997) Methods for modelling electromagnetic fields results from COMMEMI\u2014the international project on the comparison of modelling methods for electromagnetic induction. J Appl Geophys 37(3\u20134):133\u2013271","journal-title":"J Appl Geophys"},{"key":"1666_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu X, Jie L, Yian C, Chunye G (2022) A Parallel Scalable Algorithm for 3-D Magnetotelluric Finite Element Modeling in Anisotropic Media. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3078735.","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3078735"}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01666-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01666-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01666-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T08:08:14Z","timestamp":1745654894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01666-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-024-01666-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0473","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0481","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article is preprinted on ,","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Preprint"}}],"article-number":"179"}}