{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:22:01Z","timestamp":1767666121552,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study presents a new methodology to establish an optimal network for the spherical radial basis functions (SRBFs) by employing the Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies (BIRCH) algorithm. In the proposed methodology, sub-cluster centers obtained by the BIRCH algorithm are replaced with the center of the SRBFs. Since the horizontal positions of the observations are utilized in the clustering, the SRBFs are distributed adaptively to the data. The algorithm\u2019s performance and the effects of the BIRCH parameters are investigated in detail with real and simulated data sets in the Auvergne and Colorado areas, respectively. The bandwidth of each SRBF is determined by the generalized cross-validation (GCV) technique. The turning point algorithm is employed to reduce long-wavelength errors that occur due to the always positivity of the selected Legendre coefficients in the spatial domain. The outcomes of the numerical tests show that only one parameter (threshold) is enough to construct a proper data-adaptive network design for SRBFs. Compared to existing algorithms, fewer SRBFs are required to achieve the same accuracy on the control points while saving more than 95% of the time in the network design. Furthermore, the proposed methodology improves the condition number of the normal equation matrix. That makes it possible to estimate unknown coefficients without regularization in the least-square procedure depending on the selected threshold parameter. Therefore, the BIRCH algorithm is very effective and suitable to establish an optimal data-adaptive network design, especially in large data sets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-025-01712-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T22:26:01Z","timestamp":1737671161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Implementation of the BIRCH algorithm to construct a data-adaptive network design for regional gravity field modeling via SRBF"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2671-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasit","family":"Ulug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1712_CR1","unstructured":"Barthelmes F (1986) Untersuchungen zur Approximation Des \u00e4u\u00dferen Gravitationsfeldes Der Erde Durch Punktmassen mit optimierten Positionen. Dissertion, Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen Des Zentralinstituts f\u00fcr Physik Der Erde 92 Zentralinstitut f\u00fcr Physik Der Erde. Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Potsdam"},{"key":"1712_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s13137-012-0046-1","volume":"4","author":"K Bentel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bentel K, Schmidt M, Gerlach C (2013) Different radial basis functions and their applicability for regional gravity field representation on the sphere. GEM - Int J Geomathematics 4:67\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13137-012-0046-1","journal-title":"GEM - Int J Geomathematics"},{"key":"1712_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bentel K, Schmidt M, Rolstad Denby C (2013b) Artifacts in regional gravity representations with spherical radial basis functions. J Geodetic Sci 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jogs-2013-0029","DOI":"10.2478\/jogs-2013-0029"},{"key":"1712_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2005.02754.x","volume":"163","author":"A Chambodut","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chambodut A, Panet I, Mandea M et al (2005) Wavelet frames: an alternative to spherical harmonic representation of potential fields. Geophys J Int 163:875\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2005.02754.x","journal-title":"Geophys J Int"},{"key":"1712_CR5","first-page":"53","volume":"75","author":"SJ Claessens","year":"2001","unstructured":"Claessens SJ, Featherstone WE, Barthelmes F (2001) Experience with point-mass gravity field modelling in the Perth Region, Western Australia. Geom Res Aust 75:53\u201386","journal-title":"Geom Res Aust"},{"key":"1712_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1439996","volume":"34","author":"CNG Dampney","year":"1969","unstructured":"Dampney CNG (1969) The equivalent source technique. Geophysics 34:39\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/1.1439996","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"1712_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denker H (2013) Regional gravity field modeling: theory and practical results. Sciences of Geodesy - II. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 185\u2013291","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28000-9_5"},{"key":"1712_CR8","unstructured":"Duquenne H (2007) A data set to test geoid computation methods. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). Harita Dergisi, General Command of Mapping, Istanbul, Turkey, pp 61\u201365"},{"key":"1712_CR9","unstructured":"Eicker A (2008) Gravity field refinement by radial basis functions from in-situ satellite data"},{"key":"1712_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10712-016-9406-y","volume":"38","author":"T Fecher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fecher T, Pail R, Gruber T (2017) GOCO05c: a new combined gravity field model based on full normal equations and regionally varying weighting. Surv Geophys 38:571\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10712-016-9406-y","journal-title":"Surv Geophys"},{"key":"1712_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forsberg R (1984) A study of terrain reductions, density anomalies and geophysical inversion methods in gravity field modelling. Report no. 355. Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying, The Ohio State University, Columbus","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA150788"},{"key":"1712_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeden W, Gervens T, Schreiner M (1998) Constructive approximation on the sphere: with applications to geomathematics. Clarendon","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198536826.001.0001"},{"key":"1712_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2307\/1268518","volume":"21","author":"GH Golub","year":"1979","unstructured":"Golub GH, Heath M, Wahba G (1979) Generalized Cross-validation as a method for choosing a good Ridge parameter. Technometrics 21:215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1268518","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"1712_CR14","volume-title":"Solving the shape of the Earth by using digital density models","author":"M Heikkinen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Heikkinen M (1981) Solving the shape of the Earth by using digital density models. Finnish Geodetic Institute, Helsinki"},{"key":"1712_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-49350-1_48","volume":"130","author":"R Klees","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klees R, Wittwer T (2007) A data-adaptive design of a spherical basis function network for gravity field modelling. Int Association Geodesy Symposia 130:322\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-49350-1_48","journal-title":"Int Association Geodesy Symposia"},{"key":"1712_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klees R, Tenzer \u00b7 R, Prutkin \u00b7 I, Wittwer \u00b7 T (2008) A data-driven approach to local gravity field modelling using spherical radial basis functions. 82:457\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-007-0196-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-007-0196-3"},{"key":"1712_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klees R, Slobbe DC, Farahani HH (2018) How to deal with the high condition number of the noise covariance matrix of gravity field functionals synthesised from a satellite-only global gravity field model? J Geodesy 1\u201316:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-018-1136-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-018-1136-0"},{"key":"1712_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch K-R (1999) Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in Linear models. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03976-2"},{"key":"1712_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-002-0245-x","volume":"76","author":"KR Koch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koch KR, Kusche J (2002) Regularization of geopotential determination from satellite data by variance components. J Geodesy 76:259\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-002-0245-x","journal-title":"J Geodesy"},{"key":"1712_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-002-0302-5","volume":"76","author":"J Kusche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kusche J (2003) A Monte-Carlo technique for weight estimation in satellite geodesy. J Geodesy 76:641\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-002-0302-5","journal-title":"J Geodesy"},{"key":"1712_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-72245-5_30","volume-title":"Geodesy on the Move","author":"J Kusche","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kusche J, Ilk KH, Rudolph S, Thalhammer M (1998) Application of Spherical Wavelets for Regional Gravity Field Recovery \u2014 A Comparative Study. Geodesy on the Move. Springer, pp 213\u2013218"},{"key":"1712_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00807295","volume":"67","author":"R Lehmann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lehmann R (1993) The method of free-positioned point masses - geoid studies on the Gulf of Bothnia. Bull G\u00e9od\u00e9sique 67:31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00807295","journal-title":"Bull G\u00e9od\u00e9sique"},{"key":"1712_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JB012586","volume":"121","author":"V Lieb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lieb V, Schmidt M, Dettmering D, B\u00f6rger K (2016) Combination of various observation techniques for regional modeling of the gravity field. J Geophys Research: Solid Earth 121:3825\u20133845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2015JB012586","journal-title":"J Geophys Research: Solid Earth"},{"key":"1712_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11200-013-1145-7","volume":"58","author":"M Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin M, Denker H, M\u00fcller J (2014) Regional gravity field modeling using free-positioned point masses. Stud Geophys Geod 58:207\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11200-013-1145-7","journal-title":"Stud Geophys Geod"},{"key":"1712_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin M, Denker H, M\u00fcller J (2015) Regional gravity field modeling by radially optimized point masses: case studies with synthetic data. pp 233\u2013239","DOI":"10.1007\/1345_2015_92"},{"key":"1712_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jog.2019.01.001","volume":"125","author":"M Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin M, Denker H, M\u00fcller J (2019) A comparison of fixed- and free-positioned point mass methods for regional gravity field modeling. J Geodyn 125:32\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jog.2019.01.001","journal-title":"J Geodyn"},{"key":"1712_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-022-01670-5","volume":"96","author":"Q Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Q, Schmidt M, S\u00e1nchez L (2022) Combination of different observation types through a multi-resolution representation of the regional gravity field using the pyramid algorithm and parameter estimation. J Geodesy 96:80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-022-01670-5","journal-title":"J Geodesy"},{"key":"1712_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bdr.2017.09.002","volume":"11","author":"B Lorbeer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lorbeer B, Kosareva A, Deva B et al (2018) Variations on the clustering algorithm BIRCH. Big Data Res 11:44\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bdr.2017.09.002","journal-title":"Big Data Res"},{"key":"1712_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crte.2017.03.001","volume":"349","author":"H Mahbuby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahbuby H, Safari A, Foroughi I (2017) Local gravity field modeling using spherical radial basis functions and a genetic algorithm. Comptes Rendus - Geoscience 349:106\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crte.2017.03.001","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus - Geoscience"},{"key":"1712_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11200-020-1077-y","volume":"65","author":"H Mahbuby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahbuby H, Amerian Y, Nikoofard A, Eshagh M (2021) Application of the nonlinear optimisation in regional gravity field modelling using spherical radial base functions. Stud Geophys Geod 65:261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11200-020-1077-y","journal-title":"Stud Geophys Geod"},{"key":"1712_CR31","volume-title":"Parameterization of the earth\u2019s gravity field: point and line singularities","author":"AN Marchenko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marchenko AN (1998) Parameterization of the earth\u2019s gravity field: point and line singularities. Lviv Astronomical and Geodetical Society, Lviv"},{"key":"1712_CR32","unstructured":"Marchenko AN, Barthelmes F, Meyer U, Schwintzer P (2001) Regional geoid determination: an application to airborne gravity data in the Skagerrak"},{"key":"1712_CR33","volume-title":"Advanced physical geodesy","author":"H Moritz","year":"1980","unstructured":"Moritz H (1980) Advanced physical geodesy. Advances in Planetary Geology"},{"key":"1712_CR34","unstructured":"NGS (2012) Technical details for Geoid12\/12A\/12B. https:\/\/www.ngs.noaa.gov\/GEOID\/GEOID12B\/GEOID12B_TD.shtml. Accessed 15 Dec 2021"},{"key":"1712_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Panet I, Chambodut A, Diament M et al (2006) New insights on intraplate volcanism in French polynesia from wavelet analysis of GRACE, CHAMP, and sea surface data. J Geophys Res: Solid Earth 111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005JB004141","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JB004141"},{"key":"1712_CR36","first-page":"2825","volume":"12","author":"F Pedregosa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A et al (2011) Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res 12:2825\u20132830","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"1712_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","volume":"20","author":"PJ Rousseeuw","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rousseeuw PJ (1987) Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis. J Comput Appl Math 20:53\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","journal-title":"J Comput Appl Math"},{"key":"1712_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.06.053","volume":"267","author":"A Saxena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saxena A, Prasad M, Gupta A et al (2017) A review of clustering techniques and developments. Neurocomputing 267:664\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.06.053","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"1712_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-006-0101-5","volume":"81","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Fengler M, Mayer-G\u00fcrr T et al (2007) Regional gravity modeling in terms of spherical base functions. J Geodesy 81:17\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-006-0101-5","journal-title":"J Geodesy"},{"key":"1712_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11200-008-0022-2","volume":"52","author":"R Tenzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tenzer R, Klees R (2008) The choice of the spherical radial basis functions in local gravity field modeling. Stud Geophys Geod 52:287\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11200-008-0022-2","journal-title":"Stud Geophys Geod"},{"key":"1712_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-022-00790-y","volume":"15","author":"R Ulug","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ulug R, Karsl\u0131oglu MO (2022a) SRBF_Soft: a Python-based open-source software for regional gravity field modeling using spherical radial basis functions based on the data-adaptive network design methodology. Earth Science Informatics 15:1341\u20131353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-022-00790-y","journal-title":"Earth Science Informatics"},{"key":"1712_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-022-01681-2","volume":"96","author":"R Ulug","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ulug R, Karsl\u0131oglu MO (2022b) A new data-adaptive network design methodology based on the k-means clustering and modified ISODATA algorithm for regional gravity field modeling via spherical radial basis functions. J Geodesy 96:91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-022-01681-2","journal-title":"J Geodesy"},{"key":"1712_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatkumar IA, Shardaben SJK (2016) Comparative study of data mining clustering algorithms. In: 2016 International Conference on Data Science and Engineering (ICDSE). IEEE, Cochin, India, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSE.2016.7823946"},{"key":"1712_CR44","unstructured":"Vermeer M (1983) A new SEASAT altimetric geoid for the Baltic. Helsinki"},{"key":"1712_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-021-01567-9","volume":"95","author":"YM Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang YM, S\u00e1nchez L, \u00c5gren J et al (2021) Colorado geoid computation experiment: overview and summary. J Geodesy 95:127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-021-01567-9","journal-title":"J Geodesy"},{"key":"1712_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1029\/95EO00198","volume":"76","author":"P Wessel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wessel P, Smith WHF (1995) New version of the generic mapping tools. Eos Trans Am Geophys Union 76:329\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/95EO00198","journal-title":"Eos Trans Am Geophys Union"},{"key":"1712_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu Y, Luo Z, Chen W, Chen Y (2017a) High-resolution regional gravity field recovery from Poisson wavelets using heterogeneous observational techniques 6. Geodesy Earth Planet Space 69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40623-017-0618-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40623-017-0618-2"},{"key":"1712_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6928","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JB014196","volume":"122","author":"Y Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhou H, Zhong B, Luo Z (2017) Regional gravity field recovery using the GOCE gravity gradient tensor and heterogeneous gravimetry and altimetry data. J Geophys Research: Solid Earth 122:6928\u20136952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017JB014196","journal-title":"J Geophys Research: Solid Earth"},{"key":"1712_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-019-01320-3","volume":"93","author":"Y Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Y, Abulaitijiang A, Featherstone WE et al (2019) Coastal gravity field refinement by combining airborne and ground-based data. J Geodesy 93:2569\u20132584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-019-01320-3","journal-title":"J Geodesy"},{"key":"1712_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2024.108081","volume":"203","author":"X Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu X, Liang R, Zhang Z, Cui Z (2025) A unified consensus-based parallel algorithm for high-dimensional regression with combined regularizations. Comput Stat Data Anal 203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csda.2024.108081","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"key":"1712_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009783824328","volume":"25","author":"T Zhang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zhang T, Ramakrishnan R, Livny M (1996) BIRCH. ACM SIGMOD Record 25:103\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1009783824328","journal-title":"ACM SIGMOD Record"},{"key":"1712_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang F, Liu H, Wen H (2024) A data-adaptive network design for the regional gravity field modelling using spherical radial basis functions. Geodesy Geodyn 15:627\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geog.2024.04.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geog.2024.04.001"},{"key":"1712_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-020-01398-0","volume":"94","author":"P Zingerle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zingerle P, Pail R, Gruber T, Oikonomidou X (2020) The combined global gravity field model XGM2019e. J Geodesy 94:66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-020-01398-0","journal-title":"J Geodesy"}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-025-01712-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-025-01712-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-025-01712-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T03:49:24Z","timestamp":1757130564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-025-01712-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-025-01712-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0473"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0481"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"202"}}