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The focus of this study was to investigate how the mindset of children is affected when delivering effort-related praise through a social robot. We deployed two versions: a CAL system that delivered praise through headphones only, and an otherwise identical CAL system that was extended with a social robot to deliver the praise. A total of 44 children interacted repeatedly with the CAL system in two consecutive learning tasks over the course of approximately four months. Overall, the results show that the participating children experienced a significant change in mindset. The effort-related praise that was delivered by a social robot seemed to have had a positive effect on children\u2019s mindset, compared to the regular CAL system where we did not see a significant effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-020-00353-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T19:03:54Z","timestamp":1606244634000},"page":"61-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Words of encouragement: how praise delivered by a social robot changes children\u2019s mindset for learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6377-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Davison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances M.","family":"Wijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Charisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"van der Meij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Reidsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Evers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02504991","volume":"15","author":"AL Baylor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baylor AL, Kim Y (2005) Simulating instructional roles through pedagogical agents. 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