{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:53:40Z","timestamp":1779191620014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann. Telecommun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-020-00761-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T10:03:00Z","timestamp":1583402580000},"page":"407-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Performance analysis of secondary users under heterogeneous licensed spectrum environment in cognitive radio ad hoc networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Anand","family":"Jee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6711-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanidul","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"761_CR1","unstructured":"(2016) Cisco Visual Networking Index: Mobile data traffic forecast update, 2015\u20132020. CISCO, San Jose"},{"issue":"1","key":"761_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2011.2179344","volume":"7","author":"H Bezabih","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bezabih H, Ellingsaeter B, Noll J, Maseng TT (2012) Digital broadcasting: increasing the available white space spectrum using TV receiver information. IEEE Veh Technol Mag 7(1):24\u201330","journal-title":"IEEE Veh Technol Mag"},{"issue":"4","key":"761_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2921-1","volume":"85","author":"D Das","year":"2015","unstructured":"Das D, Das S (2015) A survey on Spectrum occupancy measurement for cognitive radio. Springer Wirel Pers Commun 85(4):2581\u20132598","journal-title":"Springer Wirel Pers Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"761_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2010.2093210","volume":"5","author":"B Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang B, Liu KJR (2011) Advances in cognitive radio networks: a survey. IEEE J Sel Top Sign Proces 5(1):5\u201323","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Sign Proces"},{"key":"761_CR5","unstructured":"Federal Communications Commission (FCC) (2003) Notice for Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM 03 322): Facilitating Opportunities for Flexible, Efficient, and Reliable Spectrum Use Employing Spectrum agile Radio Technologies. ET Docket No. 03 108"},{"issue":"4","key":"761_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/98.788210","volume":"6","author":"J Mitola","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mitola J, Maguire GQ (1999) Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal. IEEE Pers Commun 6(4):13\u201318","journal-title":"IEEE Pers Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"761_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.839380","volume":"23","author":"S Haykin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haykin S (2005) Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 23(2):201\u2013220","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"761_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jouini W, Moy C, Palicot J (2012). Decision making for cognitive radio equipment: analysis of the first 10 years of exploration. In: Springer EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-26","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-26"},{"issue":"1","key":"761_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2009.4752688","volume":"47","author":"CR Stevenson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stevenson CR, Chouinard G, Lei Z, Hu W, Shellhammer SJ, Caldwell W (2009) IEEE 802.22: the first cognitive radio wireless regional area network standard. IEEE Commun Mag 47(1):130\u2013138","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"4","key":"761_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOM.2007.348282","volume":"11","author":"X Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu X, Shen L, Yum TSP (2007) Analysis of cognitive radio spectrum access with optimal channel reservation. IEEE Commun Lett 11(4):304\u2013306","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"761_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.862415","volume":"24","author":"Y Xing","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xing Y, Chandramouli R, Mangold S, N S S. (2006) Dynamic spectrum access in open spectrum wireless networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 24(3):626\u2013637","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"issue":"13","key":"761_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.05.001","volume":"50","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akyildiz IF, Lee WY, Vuran MC, Mohanty S (2006) Next generation\/dynamic spectrum access\/cognitive radio wireless networks: a survey. Elsevier Comput Netw 50(13):2127\u20132159","journal-title":"Elsevier Comput Netw"},{"key":"761_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang LC, Chen A, Wei DSL (2007) A Cognitive MAC Protocol for QoS Provisioning in Overlaying Ad Hoc Networks. 2007 4th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference, Las Vega, 1139\u20131143","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2007.229"},{"key":"761_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalil MA, Al-Mahdi H, Mitschele-Thiel A (2009) Analysis of opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive ad hoc networks. 16th springer international conference on analytical and stochastic Modelling techniques and applications, Madrid, 16\u201328","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02205-0_2"},{"issue":"4","key":"761_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-013-1147-3","volume":"72","author":"MA Kalil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalil MA, Al-Mahdi H, Mitschele-Thiel A (2013) Performance evaluation of secondary users operating on a heterogeneous spectrum environment. Springer Wirel Pers Commun 72(4):2251\u20132262","journal-title":"Springer Wirel Pers Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"761_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2014.0237","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhi-jin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhi-jin Z, Lu-ping Z, Hai-quan W (2015) Spectrum handoff based on adaptive weights adjustment. IET Commun 9(5):674\u2013680","journal-title":"IET Commun"},{"key":"761_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2019.101877","volume":"91","author":"S Hoque","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoque S, Arif W (2019) Performance analysis of spectrum handoff under heterogeneous spectrum environment in ad hoc and centralized CR networks. Ad Hoc Netw 91:101877","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"761_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathonsi TE, Kogeda OP (2016) Handoff delay reduction model for heterogeneous wireless networks,\" 2016 IST-Africa week conference, Durban, 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530593"},{"key":"761_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayrakdar ME, \u00c7alhan A (2016) Performance analysis of proactive decision spectrum handoff for MAC protocols in cognitive radio networks. 2016 24th signal processing and communication application conference (SIU), Zonguldak, 481\u2013484","DOI":"10.1109\/SIU.2016.7495782"},{"key":"761_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhammadi A, Roslee M, Alias MY (2016) Analysis of spectrum handoff schemes in cognitive radio network using particle swarm optimization. 2016 IEEE 3rd international symposium on telecommunication technologies (ISTT), Kuala Lumpur, 103-107","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTT.2016.7918093"},{"issue":"4","key":"761_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2918-9","volume":"85","author":"W Arif","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arif W, Hoque S, Sen D, Baishya S (2015) A comprehensive analysis of spectrum handoff under different distribution models for cognitive radio networks. Springer Wirel Pers Commun 85(4):2519\u20132548","journal-title":"Springer Wirel Pers Commun"},{"key":"761_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-017-0283-6","volume":"66","author":"S Hoque","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoque S, Arif W (2017) Performance analysis of cognitive radio networks with generalized call holding time distribution of secondary user. Telecommun Syst 66:95\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-017-0283-6","journal-title":"Telecommun Syst"},{"key":"761_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gkionis G, Sgora A, Vergados D D, Michalas A (2017) An effective spectrum handoff scheme for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. 2017 wireless telecommunications symposium (WTS), Chicago, 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/WTS.2017.7943552"},{"issue":"1","key":"761_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2354407","volume":"14","author":"F Sheikholeslami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami F, Nasiri-Kenari M, Ashtiani F (2015) Optimal probabilistic initial and target channel selection for spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 14(1):570\u2013584","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"761_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4487","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2607741","volume":"64","author":"AF Tayel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tayel AF, Rabia SI, Abouelseoud Y (2016) An optimized hybrid approach for spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks with non-identical channels. IEEE Trans Commun 64(11):4487\u20134496","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"761_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2009.090103","volume":"13","author":"H Al-Mahdi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Mahdi H, Kalil MA, Liers F, Thiel AM (2009) Increasing spectrum capacity for ad hoc networks using cognitive radios: an analytical model. IEEE Commun Lett 13(9):676\u2013678","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"761_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jee A, Hoque S, Arif W. (2017) Analysis of non completion probability for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. 2017 IEEE Calcutta Conference (CALCON), Kolkata, pp 80\u201384","DOI":"10.1109\/CALCON.2017.8280700"},{"key":"761_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jee A, Hoque S, Talukdar B, Arif W (2018) Analysis of link maintenance probability for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. 2018 5th international conference on signal processing and integrated networks (SPIN), Noida, pp 385\u2013389","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN.2018.8474110"},{"issue":"3","key":"761_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2017.2690856","volume":"6","author":"MA Kalil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalil MA, Al-Mahdi H, Hammam H, Saroit IA (2017) A buffering and switching scheme for admission control in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Wireless Commun Lett 6(3):358\u2013361","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"761_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2014.2319253","volume":"18","author":"TMC Chu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chu TMC, Phan H, Zepernick HJ (2014) Dynamic spectrum access for cognitive radio networks with prioritized traffics. IEEE Commun Lett 18(7):1218\u20131221","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"C","key":"761_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2016.10.022","volume":"71","author":"ME Bayrakdar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bayrakdar ME, \u00c7alhan A (2017) Improving spectrum handoff utilization for prioritized cognitive radio users by exploiting channel bonding with starvation mitigation. Int J Electron Commun (AE\u00dc) 71(C):181\u2013191","journal-title":"Int J Electron Commun (AE\u00dc)"},{"key":"761_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Toukhey AT, Ammar AA, Tantawy NM, Tarrad IF (2017) Performance analysis of different opportunistic access based on secondary users priority using licensed channels in cognitive radio networks. 2017 34th National Radio Science Conference (NRSC), Alexandria, 160\u2013169","DOI":"10.1109\/NRSC.2017.7893500"},{"key":"761_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L (2017) Complete balance equation and blocked probability for secondary radio limited access scheme in cognitive radio networks. 2017 ninth international conference on ubiquitous and future networks (ICUFN), Milan, 976\u2013978","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN.2017.7993944"},{"key":"761_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bharathi PS, Raj KK, Singh HK, Kumar D (2014) Throughput analysis of different traffic distribution in cognitive radio network. 2014 international conference on recent trends in information technology, Chennai, 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRTIT.2014.6996210"},{"issue":"4","key":"761_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2011.113","volume":"11","author":"WY Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee WY, Akyildiz IF (2012) Spectrum-aware mobility management in cognitive radio cellular networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 11(4):529\u2013542","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"key":"761_CR36","unstructured":"Yue W, Matsumoto Y (2002) Performance analysis of multi-channel and multi-traffic on wireless communication networks. Kluwer Academic Publishers"},{"key":"761_CR37","unstructured":"Gross D, Harris C (1985) Fundamentals of queueing theory. Wiley"}],"container-title":["Annals of Telecommunications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12243-020-00761-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12243-020-00761-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12243-020-00761-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:46:48Z","timestamp":1614905208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12243-020-00761-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12243-020-00761-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4347","1958-9395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"1958-9395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}