{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:26:04Z","timestamp":1776410764754,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann. Telecommun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-025-01083-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T20:26:59Z","timestamp":1743539219000},"page":"83-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the impact of correlated channels on the outage performance of a NOMA-based covert IOS network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"family":"Romera\u00a0Joan\u00a0S.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Manimekalai\u00a0T.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Laxmikandan\u00a0T.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1083_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bash BA, Goeckel D, Towsley D (2012) Square root law for communication with low probability of detection on AWGN channels. Paper presented at the IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings, Cambridge. MA. USA 1\u20136 July","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2012.6284228"},{"issue":"4","key":"1083_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2647716","volume":"21","author":"B He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He B, Yan S, Zhou X, Lau VKN (2017) On covert communication with noise uncertainty. IEEE Comm Lett 21(4):941\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2647716","journal-title":"IEEE Comm Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"1083_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6005","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2854540","volume":"17","author":"B He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He B, Yan S, Zhou X, Jafarkhani H (2018) Covert wireless communication with a Poisson field of interferers. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 17(9):6005\u20136017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2018.2854540","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1083_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2900915","volume":"18","author":"TX Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng TX, Wang HM, Ng DWK, Yuan J (2019) Multi-antenna covert communications in random wireless networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 18(3):1974\u20131987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2019.2900915","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1083_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2846257","volume":"14","author":"S Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan S, He B, Zhou X, Cong Y, Swindlehurst AL (2019) Delay intolerant covert communications with either fixed or random transmit power. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 14(1):129\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2846257","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"issue":"5","key":"1083_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3253075","volume":"12","author":"X Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu X, Huang Y, Yan S, Yang W, Dowland PH (2023) Energy-efficient covert wireless communication through probabilistic jamming. IEEE Wirel Comm Lett 12(5):932\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2023.3253075","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Comm Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"1083_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4766","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2831217","volume":"17","author":"J Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu J, Yan S, Zhou X, Shu F, Li J, Wang J (2018) Covert communication achieved by a greedy relay in wireless networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 17(7):4766\u20134779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2018.2831217","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1083_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2966538","volume":"69","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Wang L, Chen HH (2020) Covert communications in D2D underlaying cellular networks with antenna array assisted artificial noise transmission. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 69(3):2980\u20132992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2020.2966538","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1083_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3011191","volume":"9","author":"L Tao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tao L, Yang W, Yan S, Wu D, Guan X, Chen D (2020) Covert communication in downlink NOMA systems with random transmit power. IEEE Wirel Commun Lett 9(11):2000\u20132004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2020.3011191","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Commun Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"1083_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3114231","volume":"25","author":"L Tao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tao L, Yang W, Lu X, Wang M, Song Y (2021) Achieving covert communications in uplink NOMA systems via energy harvesting jammer. IEEE Commun Lett 25(12):3785\u20133789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3114231","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"1083_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3149279","volume":"11","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M, Yang W, Lu X, Hu C, Liu B, Lv X (2022) Channel inversion power control aided covert communications in uplink NOMA systems. IEEE Wirel Commun Lett 11(4):871\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2022.3149279","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Commun Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"1083_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3195544","volume":"26","author":"ZH Velkov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Velkov ZH, Pejoski S, Zlatanov N (2022) Achieving near ideal covertness in NOMA systems with channel inversion power control. IEEE Commun Lett 26(11):2542\u20132546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3195544","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"1083_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3255838","volume":"27","author":"Z Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan Z, Yang X, Gong Y, Wang D, Wang L (2023) Covert communication in uplink NOMA systems under channel distribution information uncertainty. IEEE Commun Lett 27(5):1282\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3255838","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"1083_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122361","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3223357","volume":"10","author":"HQ Ta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ta HQ, Van KH, Costa DBD, Kim SW, Oh H (2022) Covert communications over non-orthogonal multiple overt channels. IEEE Access 10:122361\u2013122375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3223357","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"1083_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.1900579","volume":"34","author":"X Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu X, Hossain E, Shafique T, Feng S, Jiang H, Niyato D (2020) Intelligent reflecting surface enabled covert communications in wireless networks. IEEE Netw 34(5):148\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MNET.011.1900579","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"issue":"8","key":"1083_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3082841","volume":"10","author":"J Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong J, Dagefus T, Choi J, Spasojevic P (2021) Intelligent reflecting surface assisted covert communication with transmission probability optimization. IEEE Wirel Comm Lett 10(8):1825\u20131829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2021.3082841","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Comm Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"1083_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3119687","volume":"11","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Zheng TX, Dong L, Lin M, Yuan J (2022) Enhancing MIMO covert communications via intelligent reflecting surface. IEEE Wirel Comm Lett 11(1):33\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2021.3119687","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Comm Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"1083_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3206229","volume":"11","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wang S, Luo J, Chen W (2022) Passive covert communications based on reconfigurable intelligent surface. IEEE Wirel Comm Lett 11(11):2445\u20132449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2022.3206229","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Comm Lett"},{"issue":"22","key":"1083_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19415","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3242086","volume":"10","author":"D Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song D, Yang Z, Pan G, Wang S, An J (2023) RIS-assisted covert transmission in satellite terrestrial communication systems. IEEE Internet Things J 10(22):19415\u201319426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3242086","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1083_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3106346","volume":"21","author":"L Lv","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lv L, Wu Q, Li Z, Ding Z, Al-Dhahir N, Chen J (2021) Covert communication in intelligent reflecting surface-assisted NOMA systems: design, analysis, and optimization. IEEE Trans Wirel Comm 21(3):1735\u20131750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2021.3106346","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Comm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1083_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.201097","volume":"60","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zeng S, Di B, Tan Y, Renzo MD, Debbah M, Han Z, Poor HV, Song L (2022) Intelligent omni-surfaces for full-dimensional wireless communications: principles, technology, and implementation. IEEE Comm Mag 60(2):39\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.001.201097","journal-title":"IEEE Comm Mag"},{"key":"1083_CR22","unstructured":"DOCOMO (2020) Docomo conducts world\u2019s first successful trial of transparent dynamic metasurface. https:\/\/www.nttdocomo.co.jp\/english\/info\/mediacenter\/pr\/2020\/011700.html"},{"issue":"2","key":"1083_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2022.3157069","volume":"17","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Liu Y, Mu X, Zhou JT, Song L, Poor HV, Hanzo L (2022) Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting intelligent omni-surfaces: modelling and implementation. IEEE Veh Tech Mag 17(2):46\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MVT.2022.3157069","journal-title":"IEEE Veh Tech Mag"},{"issue":"11","key":"1083_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13905","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3024756","volume":"69","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S, Zhang H, Di B, Tan Y, Han Z, Song L (2020) Beyond intelligent reflecting surfaces: reflective-transmissive metasurface aided communications for full-dimensional coverage extension. IEEE Trans Veh Tech 69(11):13905\u201313909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2020.3024756","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"1083_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3094869","volume":"21","author":"S Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang S, Zhang H, Di B, Tan Y, Renzo MD, Han Z, Poor HV, Song L (2022) Intelligent omni-surfaces: ubiquitous wireless transmission by reflective refractive metasurfaces. IEEE Trans Wirel Comm 21(1):219\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2021.3094869","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Comm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1083_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3223906","volume":"12","author":"H Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo H, Lv L, Wu Q, Ding Z, Al-Dhahir N, Chen J (2023) Beamforming design for active IOS aided NOMA networks. IEEE Wirel Comm Lett 12(2):282\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2022.3223906","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Comm Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"1083_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11861","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3193198","volume":"71","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Badiu MA, Chen G, Coon JP (2022) Performance analysis of IOS-assisted NOMA system with channel correlation and phase errors. IEEE Trans Veh Tech 71(11):11861\u201311875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2022.3193198","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Tech"},{"issue":"6","key":"1083_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3159575","volume":"26","author":"F Sisai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sisai F, Chen G, Abdullah Z, Li Y (2022) Intelligent omni surface-assisted secure MIMO communication networks with artificial noise. IEEE Comm Lett 26(6):1231\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3159575","journal-title":"IEEE Comm Lett"},{"key":"1083_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3233947","volume":"11","author":"AM Benaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benaya AM, Ismail MH, Ibrahim AS, Salem AA (2023) Physical layer security enhancement via intelligent omni-surfaces and UAV-friendly jamming. IEEE Access 11:2531\u20132544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3233947","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1083_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang H, Yang H, Xu S, Pang X, Liu H (2024) Covert communications in STAR-RIS-aided rate-splitting multiple access systems. Physical Communications 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phycom.2024.102342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2024.102342"},{"issue":"4","key":"1083_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5941","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3329873","volume":"73","author":"H Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao H, Hu X, Zheng TX, Wong KK (2024) STAR-RIS assisted covert communications in NOMA systems. IEEE Trans Veh Tech 73(4):5941\u20135946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2023.3329873","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Tech"},{"issue":"6","key":"1083_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9055","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3349543","volume":"73","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Tian Z, He W, Chen G, Gursoy MC, Mumtaz S, Nallanathan A (2024) Covert communication in STAR-RIS aided NOMA networks. IEEE Trans Veh Tech 73(6):9055\u20139060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2024.3349543","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Tech"},{"key":"1083_CR33","unstructured":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS); Communication Models, Channel Models, Channel Estimation and Evaluation Methodology (ETSI GR RIS 003 V1.1.1:2023-06). (2023) ETSI"},{"issue":"9","key":"1083_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3082214","volume":"25","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Liu Y, Mu X, Dobre OA (2021) STAR-RISs: simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. IEEE Comm Lett 25(9):3134\u20133138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3082214","journal-title":"IEEE Comm Lett"},{"key":"1083_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bjornson E, Sanguinetti L (2020) Rayleigh fading modeling and channel hardening for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. IEEE Wirel Comm Lett 10(4):830\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2020.3046107","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3046107"},{"issue":"5","key":"1083_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2960779","volume":"9","author":"O Ozdogan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ozdogan O, Bjornson E, Larsson EG (2019) Intelligent reflecting surfaces: physics, propagation, and pathloss modeling. IEEE Wirel Comm Lett 9(5):581\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2019.2960779","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Comm Lett"},{"key":"1083_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1561\/0100000026","volume":"3","author":"EA Jorswieck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jorswieck EA, Boche H (2007) Majorization and matrix-monotone functions in wireless communications. Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory 3:553\u2013701","journal-title":"Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"1083_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thirumavalavan VC, Hariharan RAB, Thiruvengadam SJ (2022) BER analysis of tightly packed planar RIS system using the level of spatial correlation and discrete phase shifter. Trans Emerging Tel Tech 33(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ett.4596","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4596"},{"issue":"2","key":"1083_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3029717","volume":"25","author":"M Elhattab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elhattab M, Arfaoui MA, Assi C, Ghrayeb A (2021) Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted coordinated multipoint in downlink NOMA networks. IEEE Comm Lett 25(2):632\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3029717","journal-title":"IEEE Comm Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"1083_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/55.1.1","volume":"55","author":"MB Wilk","year":"1968","unstructured":"Wilk MB, Gnanadesikan R (1968) Probability plotting methods for the analysis for the analysis of data. Biometrika 55(1):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/55.1.1","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"7","key":"1083_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2697380","volume":"16","author":"Z Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang Z, Ding Z, Fan P, Al-Dhahir N (2017) The impact of power allocation on cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access networks with SWIPT. IEEE Trans Wirel Comm 16(7):4332\u20134343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2017.2697380","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Comm"},{"issue":"7","key":"1083_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4549","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2985038","volume":"19","author":"M Hedayati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hedayati M, Kim IM (2020) CoMP NOMA in the SWIPT networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Comm 19(7):4549\u20134562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2020.2985038","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Comm"},{"key":"1083_CR43","unstructured":"Papoulis A, Pillai SU (2002) Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes. McGraw-Hill"}],"container-title":["Annals of Telecommunications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12243-025-01083-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12243-025-01083-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12243-025-01083-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:25:00Z","timestamp":1776407100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12243-025-01083-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12243-025-01083-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4347","1958-9395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"1958-9395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}