{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:58:53Z","timestamp":1781092733333,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]],"date-time":"2012-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Memetic Comp."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12293-012-0097-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]],"date-time":"2012-11-05T02:39:42Z","timestamp":1352083182000},"page":"279-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Attributed Grammatical Evolution with Lookahead for the Multiple Knapsack Problem"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Rezaul","family":"Karim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"97_CR1","volume-title":"Compilers: principles, techniques, and tools","author":"AV Aho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aho AV, Lam MS, Sethi R, Ullman JD (2006) Compilers: principles, techniques, and tools, 2nd edn. Addison Wesley, Reading","edition":"2"},{"key":"97_CR2","volume-title":"Biologically inspired algorithms for financial modelling","author":"A Brabazon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brabazon A, O\u2019Neill M (2006) Biologically inspired algorithms for financial modelling, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin","edition":"1"},{"key":"97_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burbidge R, Walker J, Wilson M (2009) Grammatical evolution of a robot controller. In: International conference on intelligent robots and systems. pp 357\u2013362","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2009.5354411"},{"issue":"2","key":"97_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(59)90362-6","volume":"2","author":"N Chomsky","year":"1959","unstructured":"Chomsky N (1959) On certain formal properties of grammars. Inf Control 2(2):137\u2013167","journal-title":"Inf Control"},{"key":"97_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1145\/101356.101357","volume":"25","author":"H Christiansen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Christiansen H (1990) A survey of adaptable grammars. ACM SIGPLAN Not 25:35\u201344","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Not"},{"key":"97_CR6","unstructured":"Cleary R (2005) Extending grammatical evolution with attribute grammars: an application to knapsack problems. Master of science thesis in computer science, University of Limerick, Ireland"},{"key":"97_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colombo G, Mumford C (2005) Comparing algorithms, representations and operators for the multi-objective knapsack problem. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation, vol 2, pp 1268\u20131275","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2005.1554836"},{"key":"97_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cotta C, Troya JM (1998) A hybrid genetic algorithm for the 0\u20131 multiple knapsack problem. In: Artificial neural nets and genetic algorithms 3. Springer, New York, pp 250\u2013254","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6492-1_55"},{"key":"97_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00314-1","volume-title":"Foundations in grammatical evolution for dynamic environments","author":"I Dempsey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dempsey I, O\u2019Neill M, Brabazon A (2009) Foundations in grammatical evolution for dynamic environments, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin","edition":"1"},{"key":"97_CR10","first-page":"251","volume":"1","author":"A Freville","year":"1990","unstructured":"Freville A, Plateau G (1990) Hard 0\u20131 multiknapsack test problems. Invest Oper 1:251\u2013270","journal-title":"Invest Oper"},{"key":"97_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-218X(94)90209-7","volume":"49","author":"A Freville","year":"1994","unstructured":"Freville A, Plateau G (1994) An efficient preprocessing procedure for the multidimensional 0\/1 knapsack problem. Discret Appl Math 49:189\u2013212","journal-title":"Discret Appl Math"},{"key":"97_CR12","unstructured":"Grosan C, Oltean M, Dumitrescu D (2003) A new evolutionary algorithm for the multiobjective 0\/1 knapsack problem. In: Proceedings of the international conference on theory and applications of mathematics and informatics. Alba Iulia, Romania, pp 233\u2013237"},{"key":"97_CR13","unstructured":"Heitktter J (2001) Sac-94 suite of 0\/1-multiple-knapsack\u00a0problem instances. http:\/\/elib.zib.de\/pub\/Packages\/mp-testdata\/ip\/sac94-suite"},{"key":"97_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoover K, Marceau R, Harris T, Hardison N, Reif D, Motsinger-Reif A (2011) Optimization of grammatical evolution decision trees. In: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation, GECCO \u201911. ACM, New York, pp 35\u201336","DOI":"10.1145\/2001858.2001879"},{"key":"97_CR15","unstructured":"Jun Y, Xiande L, Lu H (2003) Evolutionary game algorithm for multiple knapsack problem. In: Proceedings of IEEE\/WIC international conference on intelligent agent technology. pp 424\u2013427"},{"key":"97_CR16","first-page":"251","volume-title":"EuroGP 2011, LNCS","author":"MR Karim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karim MR, Ryan C (2011) A new approach to solving 0\u20131 multiconstraint knapsack problems using attribute grammar with lookahead. In: Silva S, Foster JA, Nicolau M, Giacobini M, Machado P (eds) EuroGP 2011, LNCS, vol 6621. Springer, Turin, pp 251\u2013262"},{"key":"97_CR17","first-page":"247","volume-title":"NICSO 2011, SCI","author":"MR Karim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karim MR, Ryan C (2012) Degeneracy reduction or duplicate elimination? an analysis on the performance of attributed grammatical evolution with lookahead to solve the multiple knapsack problem. In: Pelta D, Krasnogor N, Dumitrescu D, Chira C, Lung R (eds) NICSO 2011, SCI, vol 387. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 247\u2013266"},{"key":"97_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khuri S, Back T, Heitkotter J (1994) The zero\/one multiple knapsack problem and genetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 1994 ACM symposium on applied computing. ACM Press, New York, pp 188\u2013193","DOI":"10.1145\/326619.326694"},{"key":"97_CR19","unstructured":"Kimbrough SO, Lu M, Wood DH, Wu DJ (2002) Exploring a two-market genetic algorithm. In: Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference. Morgan Kaufmann, New York, pp 415\u201321"},{"issue":"2","key":"97_CR20","first-page":"127","volume":"2","author":"DE Knuth","year":"1968","unstructured":"Knuth DE (1968) Semantics of context-free languages. Theory Comput Syst 2(2):127\u2013145","journal-title":"Theory Comput Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"97_CR21","first-page":"32","volume":"13","author":"V Kumar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kumar V (1992) Algorithms for constraint satisfaction problems: a survey. AI Mag 13(1):32\u201344","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"key":"97_CR22","unstructured":"Levenick JR (1991) Inserting introns improves genetic algorithm success rate: taking a cue from biology. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on genetic algorithms, Morgan Kaufmann, pp 123\u2013127"},{"key":"97_CR23","volume-title":"Knapsack problems: algorithms and computer implementations","author":"Silvano Martello","year":"1990","unstructured":"Martello Silvano, Toth P (1990) Knapsack problems: algorithms and computer implementations. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"97_CR24","unstructured":"Nicolau M, Auger A, Ryan C (2003) Functional dependency and degeneracy: detailed analysis of the gauge system. In: Liardet P, Collet P, Fonlupt C, Lutton E, Schoenauer M (eds) EA2003, LNCS, vol 2936. Springer, Marseilles, pp 15\u201326"},{"key":"97_CR25","unstructured":"Nordin P, Banzhaf W, Francone FD (1997) Introns in nature and in simulated structure evolution. In: Bio-computation and emergent computation, Springer, Skovde, pp 1\u20132"},{"key":"97_CR26","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill M, Cleary R, Nikolov N (2004) Solving knapsack problems with attribute grammars. In: Proceedings of the third grammatical evolution workshop"},{"key":"97_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48304-7_21","volume-title":"Advances in artificial life, LNCS","author":"M O\u2019Neill","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill M, Ryan C (1999) Genetic code degeneracy: implications for grammatical evolution and beyond. In: Floreano D, Nicoud JD, Mondada F (eds) Advances in artificial life, LNCS, vol 1674. Springer, Lausanne, pp 149\u2013153"},{"issue":"4","key":"97_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.942529","volume":"5","author":"M O\u2019Neill","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill M, Ryan C (2001) Grammatical evolution. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 5(4):349\u2013358","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"97_CR29","unstructured":"Pisinger D (1995) Algorithms for knapsack problems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Copenhagen"},{"key":"97_CR30","unstructured":"Raidl GR, Gottlieb J (1999) On the importance of phenotypic duplicate elimination in decoder-based evolutionary algorithms. In: Brave S, Wu AS (eds) Late breaking papers at the 1999 genetic and evolutionary computation conference. Orlando, pp 204\u2013211"},{"key":"97_CR31","unstructured":"Rohlfshagen P, Bullinaria J (2006) An exonic genetic algorithm with rna editing inspired repair function for the multiple knapsack problem. In: Proceedings of the UK workshop on computational intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"97_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-008-0464-5","volume":"179","author":"P Rohlfshagen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rohlfshagen P, Bullinaria JA (2010) Nature inspired genetic algorithms for hard packing problems. Ann Oper Res 179(1):393\u2013419","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"97_CR33","unstructured":"Ryan C, Azad RMA (2003) Sensible initialisation in grammatical evolution. In: Proceedings of the bird of a feather workshops, genetic and evolutionary computation conference. Chigaco, pp 142\u2013145"},{"key":"97_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan C, Collins J, O\u2019Neill M (1998) Grammatical evolution: evolving programs for an arbitrary language. In: Proceedings of the first european workshop on genetic programming. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 83\u201395","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0055930"},{"key":"97_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36599-0_42","volume-title":"The root causes of code growth in genetic programming","author":"MJ Streeter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Streeter MJ (2003) The root causes of code growth in genetic programming. Springer, Berlin"}],"container-title":["Memetic Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12293-012-0097-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12293-012-0097-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12293-012-0097-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T07:08:41Z","timestamp":1562310521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12293-012-0097-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12293-012-0097-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-9284","1865-9292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-9284","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-9292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]]}}}