{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T13:40:10Z","timestamp":1759153210154,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018563","name":"University of Macedonia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oper Res Int J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In this paper, we derive theoretically consistent rules for aggregating (across decision-making units) performance measures that are obtained from different radial DEA models without inputs\/outputs or with a single constant input\/output. These rules ensure that the resulting aggregate (group) performance measure has the same form and intuitive interpretation as the individual measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-025-00927-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T10:38:02Z","timestamp":1748860682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aggregation across decision\u2013making units in radial DEA models without inputs or without outputs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2935-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giannis","family":"Karagiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"927_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caporaletti LE, Dula JH, Womer NK (1999) Performance evaluation based on multiple attributes with nonparametric frontiers. Omega 27:637\u2013465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0483(99)00022-5"},{"key":"927_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherchye L, Moesen W, Rogge N, van Puyenbroeck T (2007) An introduction to \u201cBenefit of the Doubt\u201d composite indicators. Social Indicators Research 82: 111\u2013145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-006-9029-7"},{"key":"927_CR3","volume-title":"New directions: Efficiency and productivity","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2004","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Grosskopf S (2004) New directions: Efficiency and productivity. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht"},{"key":"927_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Grosskopf S, Lovell CAK (1985) The measurement of efficiency of production. Kluwer Academic Press","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7721-2"},{"key":"927_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2014.03.001","volume":"47","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2014","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Karagiannis G (2014a) Benefit-of-the-doubt aggregation and the diet problem. Omega 47:33\u201335","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"927_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.09.043","volume":"233","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2014","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Karagiannis G (2014b) A postscript on aggregate Farrell efficiencies. Eur J Oper Res 233:784\u2013786","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"927_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u04d3re R, Karagiannis G (2017) The denominator rule for share-weighting aggregation. Eur J Oper Res 260:1175\u20131180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.02.008"},{"key":"927_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.09.013","volume":"282","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2020","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Karagiannis G (2020) On the denominator rule and a theorem by Janos Acz\u00e9l. Eur J Oper Res 282:398\u2013400","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"927_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Karagiannis G (2022) Aggregating farrell efficiencies without value data: the case of hospitals. Socio Econ Plan Sci 84. article 101393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2022.101393"},{"key":"927_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-023-00698-9","volume":"61","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2024","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Karagiannis G (2024) The denominator rule with unit ratio difference. J Prod Anal 61:183\u2013190","journal-title":"J Prod Anal"},{"key":"927_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(02)00259-X","volume":"146","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2003","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Zelenyuk V (2003) On aggregate Farrell efficiencies. Eur J Oper Res 146:615\u2013620","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"927_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.04.008","volume":"179","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2007","unstructured":"F\u00e4re R, Zelenyuk V (2007) Extending F\u00e4re and Zelenyuk (2003). Eur J Oper Res 179:594\u2013595","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"927_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2343100","volume":"120","author":"MJ Farrell","year":"1957","unstructured":"Farrell MJ (1957) The measurement of productive efficiency. J R Stat Soc Ser A 120:253\u2013290","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A"},{"key":"927_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes EG, de Abreu UGP, de Mello JCCBS, de Carvalho TB, de Zen S (2012) Unitary input DEA model to identify beef cattle production systems typologies. Pesquisa Operacional 32:389\u2013406","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-74382012005000015"},{"key":"927_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-015-0439-x","volume":"43","author":"G Karagiannis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karagiannis G (2015) On structural and average technical efficiency. J Prod Anal 43:259\u2013267","journal-title":"J Prod Anal"},{"key":"927_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2015.81","volume":"68","author":"G Karagiannis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karagiannis G (2017) On aggregate composite indicators. J Oper Res Soc 68:741\u2013746","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"key":"927_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karagiannis G (2021) DEA models without inputs or outputs: a tour de force. In: Parmeter C, Sickles RC (eds) Methodological contributions to the advancement of productivity and efficiency analysis, Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, Springer, NY, pp 211\u2013232","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-47106-4_10"},{"key":"927_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karagiannis G (2023) Aggregating faculty members\u2019 research effectiveness to the department or university level: exact versus approximate solutions. Socio Econ Plan Sci 90. article 101743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2023.101743"},{"key":"927_CR19","unstructured":"Koopmans TC (1957) Three essays on the state of economic analysis. McGraw- Hill"},{"key":"927_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu WB, Zhang DQ, Meng W, Li XX, Xu F (2011) A study of DEA models without explicit inputs. Omega 39:472\u2013480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2010.10.005"},{"key":"927_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00338-5","volume":"118","author":"CAK Lovell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lovell CAK, Pastor JT (1999) Radial DEA models without inputs or without outputs. Eur J Oper Res 118:46\u201351","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"927_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.06.035","volume":"264","author":"N Rogge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rogge N (2018) On aggregating Benefit of the Doubt composite indicators. Eur J Oper Res 264:364\u2013369","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"927_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-017-1734-x","volume":"139","author":"T van Puyenbroeck","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Puyenbroeck T (2018) On the output orientation of the benefit-of-the-doubt model. Soc Indic Res 139:415\u2013431","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"927_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou P, Ang BW, Poh KL (2007) A mathematical programming approach to constructing composite indicators. Ecol Econ, pp 291\u2013297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2006.12.020"}],"container-title":["Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12351-025-00927-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12351-025-00927-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12351-025-00927-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T13:07:50Z","timestamp":1759151270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12351-025-00927-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12351-025-00927-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-2858","1866-1505"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1109-2858"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1866-1505"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares that he has no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"62"}}