{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T03:02:56Z","timestamp":1779678176856,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Major Project from National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["24&ZD098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24&ZD098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oper Res Int J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-026-01059-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T02:22:09Z","timestamp":1779675729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal process innovation levels and operational decisions under the outsourced and authorized remanufacturing modes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2360-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhuo","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2014.2099","volume":"61","author":"VV Agrawal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agrawal VV, Atasu A, Van Ittersum K (2015) Remanufacturing, third-party competition, and consumers\u2019 perceived value of new products. Manag Sci 61(1):60\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.2014.2099","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"1059_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2019.01.014","volume":"82","author":"O Aliasghar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aliasghar O, Rose EL, Chetty S (2019) Where to search for process innovations? The mediating role of absorptive capacity and its impact on process innovation. Ind Mark Manag 82:199\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indmarman.2019.01.014","journal-title":"Ind Mark Manag"},{"key":"1059_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2025.111259","author":"L Bin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bin L, Zhen H, Juan L, Qiao Y (2025) Licensing strategies and blockchain adoption decisions in remanufacturing supply chains considering consumer search behavior. Comput Ind Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2025.111259","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.09.049","volume":"282","author":"A Borenich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borenich A, Dickbauer Y, Reimann M, Souza GC (2020) Should a manufacturer sell refurbished returns on the secondary market to incentivize retailers to reduce consumer returns? Eur J Oper Res 282(2):569\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.09.049","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1059_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.21977","volume":"68","author":"E Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao E, Chen G (2021) Information sharing motivated by production cost reduction in a supply chain with downstream competition. Nav Res Logist 68(7):898\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nav.21977","journal-title":"Nav Res Logist"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.03.027","volume":"310","author":"CB Cetin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cetin CB, Zaccour G (2023) Remanufacturing with innovative features: a strategic analysis. Eur J Oper Res 310(2):655\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.03.027","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03888-y","volume":"333","author":"J Chai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chai J, Qian Z, Wang F, Zhu J (2021) Process innovation for green product in a closed loop supply chain with remanufacturing. Ann Oper Res 333(2):533\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-020-03888-y","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03888-y","volume":"333","author":"J Chai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chai J, Qian Z, Wang F, Zhu J (2024) Process innovation for green product in a closed loop supply chain with remanufacturing. Ann Oper Res 333(2):533\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-020-03888-y","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107743","volume":"162","author":"H Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen H, Dong Z, Li G, He K (2021) Remanufacturing process innovation in closed-loop supply chain under cost-sharing mechanism and different power structures. Comput Ind Eng 162:107743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107743","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1059_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2025.109801","author":"F Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng F, Chen Q, Liu X, Zhang Y (2025) Shareholding or authorization? The choice of cooperation between original equipment manufacturers and independent remanufacturers. Int J Prod Econ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2025.109801","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1059_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-024-00865-2","volume":"24","author":"L Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai L, Peng J, Zheng Y (2024) Optimal decisions in a dual-channel remanufacturing supply chain with reference quality effect under WTP differentiation. Oper Res 24(4):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12351-024-00865-2","journal-title":"Oper Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1059_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2016.1200152","volume":"55","author":"C Diallo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diallo C, Venkatadri U, Khatab A, Bhakthavatchalam S (2017) State of the art review of quality, reliability and maintenance issues in closed-loop supply chains with remanufacturing. Int J Prod Res 55(5):1277\u20131296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2016.1200152","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"1059_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103777","volume":"192","author":"J Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding J, Pu X, Zhang W (2024) Outsourcing vs. authorization remanufacturing and differential vs. uniform pricing: a supply chain perspective. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 192:103777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103777","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"1059_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2019.09.010","volume":"131","author":"C Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong C, Liu Q, Shen B (2019) To be or not to be green? Strategic investment for green product development in a supply chain. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 131:193\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2019.09.010","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"1059_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-019-03445-2","volume":"291","author":"C Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang C, You Z, Yang Y, Chen D, Mukhopadhyay S (2020) Is third-party remanufacturing necessarily harmful to the original equipment manufacturer? Ann Oper Res 291:317\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03445-2","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108973","volume":"176","author":"C Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang C, Fan S, Qiu Y (2023) The choice of remanufacturing strategy for the OEM with third-party remanufacturers\u2019 advantages. Comput Ind Eng 176:108973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108973","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1059_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123791","volume":"278","author":"Z Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng Z, Xiao T, Robb DJ (2021) Environmentally responsible closed-loop supply chain models with outsourcing and authorization options. J Clean Prod 278:123791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123791","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2009.08.007","volume":"203","author":"G Ferrer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferrer G, Swaminathan JM (2010) Managing new and differentiated remanufactured products. Eur J Oper Res 203(2):370\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2009.08.007","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102239","volume":"147","author":"H Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu H, Ke GY, Lian Z, Zhang L (2021) 3PL firm\u2019s equity financing for technology innovation in a platform supply chain. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 147:102239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102239","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.12.006","volume":"267","author":"GX Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao GX, Fan ZP, Fang X, Lim YF (2018) Optimal Stackelberg strategies for financing a supply chain through online peer-to-peer lending. Eur J Oper Res 267(2):585\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.12.006","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2018.05.026","volume":"219","author":"TS Genc","year":"2020","unstructured":"Genc TS, De Giovanni P (2020) Closed-loop supply chain games with innovation-led lean programs and sustainability. Int J Prod Econ 219:440\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2018.05.026","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1059_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.17.4.301","volume":"17","author":"S Gupta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gupta S, Loulou R (1998) Process innovation, product differentiation, and channel structure: strategic incentives in a duopoly. Mark Sci 17(4):301\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mksc.17.4.301","journal-title":"Mark Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2016.0607","volume":"19","author":"AY Ha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ha AY, Tian Q, Tong S (2017) Information sharing in competing supply chains with production cost reduction. Manuf Serv Oper Manag 19(2):246\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/msom.2016.0607","journal-title":"Manuf Serv Oper Manag"},{"key":"1059_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.03.013","volume":"213","author":"P He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He P, He Y, Xu H (2019) Channel structure and pricing in a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with government subsidy. Int J Prod Econ 213:108\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.03.013","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"issue":"21","key":"1059_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6579","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2019.1567952","volume":"57","author":"H Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang H, Meng Q, Xu H, Zhou Y (2019) Cost information sharing under competition in remanufacturing. Int J Prod Res 57(21):6579\u20136592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2019.1567952","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"1059_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103708","volume":"190","author":"H Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang H, Xu F, Wang M, Yang H, Li T (2024) Remanufacturing in global supply chains: self-operating or licensing? Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 190:103708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103708","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.03.029","volume":"222","author":"T Iida","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iida T (2012) Coordination of cooperative cost-reduction efforts in a supply chain partnership. Eur J Oper Res 222(2):180\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.03.029","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"1059_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6871","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1357860","volume":"55","author":"M Jin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jin M, Nie J, Yang F, Zhou Y (2017) The impact of third-party remanufacturing on the forward supply chain: a blessing or a curse? Int J Prod Res 55(22):6871\u20136882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2017.1357860","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1059_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12984","volume":"28","author":"Y Jin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jin Y, Hu Q, Kim SW, Zhou SX (2019) Supplier development and integration in competitive supply chains. Prod Oper Manag 28(5):1256\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/poms.12984","journal-title":"Prod Oper Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1059_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.04.014","volume":"296","author":"M Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin M, Li G, Reimann M (2021) Team of rivals: how should original equipment manufacturers cooperate with independent remanufacturers via authorisation? Eur J Oper Res 296(3):837\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.04.014","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.101927","volume":"137","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X (2020) Reducing channel costs by investing in smart supply chain technologies. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 137:101927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2020.101927","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1059_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.04.031","volume":"297","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li W, Zhao X (2022) Competition or coopetition? Equilibrium analysis in the presence of process improvement. Eur J Oper Res 297(1):180\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.04.031","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1059_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.05.016","volume":"304","author":"W Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li W, Sun H, Dong H, Gan Y, Koh L (2023) Outsourcing decision-making in global remanufacturing supply chains: the impact of tax and tariff regulations. Eur J Oper Res 304(3):997\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.05.016","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1059_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.11.007","volume":"314","author":"W Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li W, Jin M, Galbreth MR (2024) Should original equipment manufacturers authorize third-party remanufacturers? Eur J Oper Res 314(3):1013\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.11.007","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1059_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2024.01.006","volume":"315","author":"J Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin J, Naim MM, Tang O (2024) In-house or outsourcing? The impact of remanufacturing strategies on the dynamics of component remanufacturing systems under lifecycle demand and returns. Eur J Oper Res 315(3):965\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2024.01.006","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-019-03498-3","author":"B Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu B, De Giovanni P (2019) Green process innovation through Industry 4.0 technologies and supply chain coordination. Ann Oper Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03498-3","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2019.02.007","volume":"124","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Z, Li KW, Li BY, Huang J, Tang J (2019) Impact of product-design strategies on the operations of a closed-loop supply chain. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 124:75\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2019.02.007","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1059_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.02.018","volume":"303","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Mantin B, Song X (2022) Rent, sell, and remanufacture: the manufacturer\u2019s choice when remanufacturing can be outsourced. Eur J Oper Res 303(1):184\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.02.018","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.108783","volume":"258","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Xia S, Wang Z, Nie J, Ameen N, Yan C, Lim MK (2023) How to balance economic profits and environmental protection: the impacts of cash hedging on remanufacturing firms. Int J Prod Econ 258:108783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.108783","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"1059_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2024.109946","volume":"189","author":"Z Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Z, Wan M, Yang X, Zheng X, Chang CT (2024) Operational decisions and performance of an outsourcing remanufacturing supply chain under different financing methods. Comput Ind Eng 189:109946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2024.109946","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1059_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2024.103170","volume":"130","author":"S Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu S, Yu JJ, Feng T (2025) The impact of green innovations on firm\u2019s sustainable operations: process innovation and recycling innovation. Omega 130:103170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omega.2024.103170","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"1059_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109508","volume":"183","author":"P Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma P, Li M (2023) Operational and financing decisions of original equipment manufacturers under third-party remanufacturing modes. Comput Ind Eng 183:109508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109508","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1059_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101140","volume":"53","author":"P Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma P, Meng Y (2022) Optimal financing strategies of a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain. Electron Commer Res Appl 53:101140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101140","journal-title":"Electron Commer Res Appl"},{"key":"1059_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2024.109233","volume":"272","author":"Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Y, Du G, Jiao RJ (2024) Design for product upgradability considering remanufacturing outsourcing: a three-level joint optimization approach. Int J Prod Econ 272:109233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2024.109233","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1059_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.06.026","volume":"279","author":"B Mantin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mantin B, Veldman J (2019) Managing strategic inventories under investment in process improvement. Eur J Oper Res 279(3):782\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.06.026","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.109058","volume":"266","author":"H Mao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao H, Wang W, Liu C, Xu Y, Zhao S (2023) Effects of the carbon emission quota policy on the quality and sales of manufactured and remanufactured products. Int J Prod Econ 266:109058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.109058","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.06.008","volume":"288","author":"J Ni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ni J, Zhao J, Chu LK (2021) Supply contracting and process innovation in a dynamic supply chain with information asymmetry. Eur J Oper Res 288(2):552\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.06.008","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1059_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.02.009","volume":"302","author":"W Niu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niu W, Shen H (2022) Investment in process innovation in supply chains with knowledge spillovers under innovation uncertainty. Eur J Oper Res 302(3):1128\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.02.009","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1059_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1110.1456","volume":"58","author":"N Oraiopoulos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oraiopoulos N, Ferguson ME, Toktay LB (2012) Relicensing as a secondary market strategy. Manag Sci 58(5):1022\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.1110.1456","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1059_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12040","volume":"23","author":"A \u00d6rsdemir","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u00d6rsdemir A, Kemahl\u0131o\u011flu-Ziya E, Parlakt\u00fcrk AK (2014) Competitive quality choice and remanufacturing. Prod Oper Manag 23(1):48\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/poms.12040","journal-title":"Prod Oper Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"1059_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12070","volume":"23","author":"A Ovchinnikov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ovchinnikov A, Blass V, Raz G (2014) Economic and environmental assessment of remanufacturing strategies for product + service firms. Prod Oper Manag 23(5):744\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/poms.12070","journal-title":"Prod Oper Manag"},{"key":"1059_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118315","volume":"211","author":"B Pal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pal B, Sarkar A, Sarkar B (2023) Optimal decisions in a dual-channel competitive green supply chain management under promotional effort. Expert Syst Appl 211:118315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118315","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1059_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2025.109559","volume":"283","author":"Z Qian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qian Z, Ignatius J, Chai J, Valiyaveettil KMT (2025) To cooperate or not: evaluating process innovation strategies in battery recycling and product innovation. Int J Prod Econ 283:109559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2025.109559","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.01.028","volume":"276","author":"M Reimann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reimann M, Xiong Y, Zhou Y (2019) Managing a closed-loop supply chain with process innovation for remanufacturing. Eur J Oper Res 276(2):510\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.01.028","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1030.0186","volume":"50","author":"RC Savaskan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Savaskan RC, Bhattacharya S, Van Wassenhove LN (2004) Closed-loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing. Manag Sci 50(2):239\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.1030.0186","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"1059_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-021-00680-z","volume":"22","author":"M Shoaeinaeini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shoaeinaeini M, Govindan K, Rahmani D (2022) Pricing policy in green supply chain design: the impact of consumer environmental awareness and green subsidies. Oper Res 22:3989\u20134028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12351-021-00680-z","journal-title":"Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2019.05.018","volume":"128","author":"X Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun X, Tang W, Chen J, Li S, Zhang J (2019) Manufacturer encroachment with production cost reduction under asymmetric information. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 128:191\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2019.05.018","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1059_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2019.0814","volume":"23","author":"F Tanrisever","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanrisever F, Joglekar N, Erzurumlu S, L\u00e9vesque M (2021) Managing capital market frictions via cost-reduction investments. Manuf Serv Oper Manag 23(1):88\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/msom.2019.0814","journal-title":"Manuf Serv Oper Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2018.0746","volume":"21","author":"V Vish Krishnan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vish Krishnan V, Lee J, Mnyshenko O, Shin H (2019) Inclusive innovation: product innovation in technology supply chains. Manuf Serv Oper Manag 21(2):327\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/msom.2018.0746","journal-title":"Manuf Serv Oper Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"1059_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12709","volume":"26","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang L, Cai G, Tsay AA, Vakharia AJ (2017) Design of the reverse channel for remanufacturing: Must profit-maximization harm the environment? Prod Oper Manag 26(8):1585\u20131603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/poms.12709","journal-title":"Prod Oper Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1059_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.11.040","volume":"292","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Shin H, Zhou Q (2020) The optimal investment decision for an innovative supplier in a supply chain. Eur J Oper Res 292(3):967\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.11.040","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123680","volume":"249","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Liu JM, Chen L (2024a) A comparative analysis of government intervention under the EPR system: eco-design and authorized remanufacturing. Expert Syst Appl 249:123680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123680","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1059_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103448","volume":"183","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Yang F, Shan F, Guo Y (2024b) Blockchain adoption for combating remanufacturing perceived risks in a reverse supply chain. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 183:103448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103448","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.08.028","volume":"273","author":"X Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu X, Zhou Y (2019) Buyer-specific versus uniform pricing in a closed-loop supply chain with third-party remanufacturing. Eur J Oper Res 273(2):548\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.08.028","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2024.107955","volume":"140","author":"X Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia X, Chen J, Wang W, Wang H (2024) Impact of differentiated carbon taxes on remanufacturing mode selection. Energy Econ 140:107955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eneco.2024.107955","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1059_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.03.034","volume":"230","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhou Y, Li G, Chan HK, Xiong Z (2013) Don\u2019t forget your supplier when remanufacturing. Eur J Oper Res 230(1):15\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.03.034","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1059_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.10.023","volume":"242","author":"W Yan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yan W, Xiong Y, Xiong Z, Guo N (2015) Bricks vs. clicks: which is better for marketing remanufactured products? Eur J Oper Res 242(2):434\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.10.023","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122106","volume":"238","author":"M Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu M, Liu K, Li W (2024) Decarbonizing innovation investment strategy in competing supply chains considering technology spillovers and environmental regulation. Expert Syst Appl 238:122106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122106","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1059_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121305","volume":"263","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen W, Mi Y (2020) Third-party remanufacturing mode selection for competitive closed-loop supply chain based on evolutionary game theory. J Clean Prod 263:121305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121305","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1059_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107315","volume":"157","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen W, Li Q (2021) Third-party remanufacturing mode selection for a capital-constrained closed-loop supply chain under financing portfolio. Comput Ind Eng 157:107315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107315","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1059_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2024.110246","volume":"192","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Cheng Y (2024) Blockchain adoption and mode selection strategies for remanufacturing supply chain under cap-and-trade policy. Comput Ind Eng 192:110246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2024.110246","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1059_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-015-2021-3","volume":"257","author":"S Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao S, Zhu Q (2017) Remanufacturing supply chain coordination under the stochastic remanufacturability rate and the random demand. Ann Oper Res 257(1\u20132):661\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-015-2021-3","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"1059_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108239","volume":"240","author":"S Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao S, You Z, Zhu Q (2021a) Quality choice for product recovery considering a trade-in program and third-party remanufacturing competition. Int J Prod Econ 240:108239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108239","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"1059_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107561","volume":"160","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhou H, Wang Y (2021b) Outsourcing remanufacturing and collecting strategies analysis with information asymmetry. Comput Ind Eng 160:107561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107561","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1059_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108238","volume":"240","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Meng C, Yuen KF, Sheu JB (2021) Remanufacturing authorization strategy for an original equipment manufacturer-contract manufacturer supply chain: cooperation or competition? Int J Prod Econ 240:108238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108238","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"1059_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2022.3158398","volume":"71","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Yuen KF, Meng C, Sheu JB (2022) Impact of intercompetitor licensing on remanufacturing market competition and cooperation. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 71:1296\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TEM.2022.3158398","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manag"},{"key":"1059_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.108841","volume":"260","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Meng C, Sheu JB, Yuen KF (2023) Remanufacturing mode and strategic decision: a game-theoretic approach. Int J Prod Econ 260:108841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.108841","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"1059_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2015.12.008","volume":"87","author":"ZB Zou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zou ZB, Wang JJ, Deng GS, Chen H (2016) Third-party remanufacturing mode selection: outsourcing or authorization? Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 87:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2015.12.008","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"}],"container-title":["Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01059-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01059-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01059-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T02:22:11Z","timestamp":1779675731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01059-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01059-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-2858","1866-1505"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1109-2858","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-1505","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No potential of interest was reported by the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"69"}}