{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:32:20Z","timestamp":1786541540137,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oper Res Int J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-026-01068-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T02:22:01Z","timestamp":1779675721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-level solid transportation problem for humanitarian relief logistics under uncertain conditions: a mathematical modelling approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alquraish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3876-2572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wajahat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1068_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s44147-023-00247-z","volume":"70","author":"MH Abdelati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdelati MH, Abd-El-Tawwab AM, Ellimony EEM, Rabie M (2023) Solving a multi-objective solid transportation problem: a comparative study of alternative methods for decision-making. J Eng Appl Sci 70(1):82","journal-title":"J Eng Appl Sci"},{"key":"1068_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abudu HD, Mewomo CM, Adjei KO, Bondinuba FK (2025) Challenges in emergency response infrastructure: a systematic literature review. J Civ Eng Sci Technol (2):269\u2013279","DOI":"10.33736\/jcest.8972.2025"},{"issue":"8","key":"1068_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-024-03056-x","volume":"27","author":"B Aghaei Fishani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aghaei Fishani B, Mahmoodirad A, Niroomand S, Hajiaghaei-Keshteli M (2025) A bi-level programming approach to design a sustainable supply chain network under uncertainty: a real-life case study. Clean Technol Environ Policy 27(8):3775\u20133805","journal-title":"Clean Technol Environ Policy"},{"key":"1068_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbar U, Ali W, Javaid S, Khan MA (2025) Optimising data-driven trade-offs to achieve emissions reduction in transportation. Qual Quant 1\u201323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-025-02293-6"},{"key":"1068_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali W (2026) Harnessing digital twin technology in smart transportation system. In: Handbook on integrating smart technologies for sustainable development, pp 49\u201369","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003586951-4"},{"key":"1068_CR6","unstructured":"Ali W, Javaid S, Akbar U (2025d) A solution of mathematical multi-objective transportation problems under uncertain environments. Palest J Math 14(1)"},{"key":"1068_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali W, Khalid M, Khan NA, Javaid S (2025a) Integrating Fermatean fuzzy and neutrosophic goal programming for multi-objective healthcare optimisation under uncertainty. Life Cycle Reliab Saf Eng :1\u201321","DOI":"10.1007\/s41872-025-00322-9"},{"key":"1068_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali W, Sadia S, Javaid S, Abidi N, Nusrat A (2025c) A fermatean fuzzy programming approach to unfold the solid transportation problem: an integrated multi-objective optimisation. OPSEARCH 1\u201336","DOI":"10.1007\/s12597-025-01014-9"},{"key":"1068_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali W, Siddiqui F, Javaid S, Nabeel M (2025b) A multi-objective optimisation of healthcare supply chains during pandemics using neutrosophic goal programming approach. OPSEARCH 1\u201335","DOI":"10.1007\/s12597-025-01015-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"1068_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics9010042","volume":"9","author":"MF Carnero Quispe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carnero Quispe MF, Chambilla Mamani LD, Yoshizaki HTY, Brito Junior ID (2025) Temporary facility location problem in humanitarian logistics: a systematic literature review. Logistics 9(1):42","journal-title":"Logistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1068_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-04-2018-0027","volume":"9","author":"M Chong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chong M, Lazo Lazo JG, Pereda MC, De Machuca JM (2019) Goal programming optimisation model under uncertainty and the critical areas characterisation in humanitarian logistics management. J Humanit Logist Supply Chain Manag 9(1):82\u2013107","journal-title":"J Humanit Logist Supply Chain Manag"},{"key":"1068_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding S, Chen A (2025) Toward an orderly and efficient post-disaster humanitarian material donation system: a case study of the \u20189\u00b75\u2019 Luding earthquake. J Humanit Logist Supply Chain Manag 1\u201314","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-09-2024-0117"},{"key":"1068_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elmakki O (2025) From relief to resilience: the dual role of humanitarian assistance in alleviating poverty and fostering sustainable development. Int J Res Innov Soc Sci 1952\u20131978","DOI":"10.47772\/IJRISS.2024.8120166"},{"key":"1068_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.07.027","volume":"100","author":"K Govindan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Govindan K, Cheng TCE (2018) Advances in stochastic programming and robust optimisation for supply chain planning. Comput Oper Res 100:262\u2013269","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1068_CR15","first-page":"79","volume":"8","author":"DM Herold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herold DM, Lee KH (2017) Carbon management in the logistics and transportation sector: an overview and new research directions. Carbon Manag 8(1):79\u201397","journal-title":"Carbon Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"1068_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050779","volume":"16","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Yuan Y (2019) Emergency logistics in a large-scale disaster context: achievements and challenges. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(5):779","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1068_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin Z, Zhang C, Ng KK, Tian X, Wang H, Xu G (2025) Humanitarian logistics planning under uncertain demand and third-party supply capacity: a distributionally robust optimisation approach. Int J Prod Res 1\u201327","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2025.2594056"},{"issue":"1","key":"1068_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/jscm.12253","volume":"57","author":"G Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs G, Falagara Sigala I (2021) Lessons learned from humanitarian logistics to manage supply chain disruptions. J Supply Chain Manag 57(1):41\u201349","journal-title":"J Supply Chain Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"1068_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3390\/math13050731","volume":"13","author":"T Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li T, Sun J, Fei L (2025) Application of multiple-criteria decision-making technology in emergency decision-making: uncertainty, heterogeneity, dynamicity, and interaction. Mathematics 13(5):731","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"1068_CR20","volume-title":"Uncertainty theory","author":"B Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu B (2007) Uncertainty theory, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin","edition":"2"},{"key":"1068_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu C, Roshani A, Parry G, Emrouznejad A (2025) Multi-level risk assessment in additive manufacturing systems: a multiplicative nonparametric approach. Int J Prod Res :1\u201320","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2025.2507107"},{"issue":"1","key":"1068_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-020-01031-5","volume":"12","author":"JCB Munyaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munyaka JCB, Yadavalli VSS (2021) Using transportation problem in humanitarian supply chain to prepositioned facility locations: a case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 12(1):199\u2013216","journal-title":"Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"},{"key":"1068_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.4102\/jtscm.v16i0.691","volume":"16","author":"S Negi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Negi S (2022) Humanitarian logistics challenges in disaster relief operations: a humanitarian organisations\u2019 perspective. J Transp Supply Chain Manag 16:691","journal-title":"J Transp Supply Chain Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1068_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41279","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041279","volume":"104","author":"TN Ongesa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ongesa TN, Ugwu OPC, Ugwu CN, Alum EU, Eze VHU, Basajja M et al (2025) Optimising emergency response systems in urban health crises: a project management approach to public health preparedness and response. Medicine 104(3):e41279","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1068_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelling M, M\u00fcller-Mahn D, McCloskey J (2020) Disasters, humanitarianism and emergencies: a politics of uncertainty. In: The politics of uncertainty, pp 127\u2013140","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003023845-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"1068_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.55248\/gengpi.6.0525.1718","volume":"2","author":"IB Ridwan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ridwan IB, Addo S (2025) Multi-objective optimisation in business analytics: balancing profitability, risk exposure, and sustainability in strategic decision-making. Int J Adv Res Publ Rev 2(5):89\u2013111","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Publ Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1068_CR27","first-page":"1109","volume":"32","author":"E Roos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roos E, den Hertog D (2020) Reducing conservatism in robust optimisation. INFORMS J Comput 32(4):1109\u20131127","journal-title":"INFORMS J Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"1068_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1108\/K-10-2020-0632","volume":"50","author":"F Sabouhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sabouhi F, Bozorgi-Amiri A, Vaez P (2021) Stochastic optimisation for transportation planning in disaster relief under disruption and uncertainty. Kybernetes 50(9):2632\u20132650","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"1068_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4668","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-024-02389-6","volume":"15","author":"P Sahoo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sahoo P (2024) Solution of a single-objective based three-stage 4DTP model with information crowdsourcing under disaster relief scenario: a hybrid random type-2 fuzzy approach. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 15(10):4668\u20134713","journal-title":"Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1068_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-01-2015-0002","volume":"6","author":"MA Serrato-Garcia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Serrato-Garcia MA, Mora-Vargas J, Murillo RT (2016) Multi objective optimisation for humanitarian logistics operations through the use of mobile technologies. J Humanit Logist Supply Chain Manag 6(3):399\u2013418","journal-title":"J Humanit Logist Supply Chain Manag"},{"key":"1068_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shefa J, Milburn AB, Gralla E (2025) Online path planning for disaster response in the presence of unknown road disruptions: a comparison of research and practice. J Humanit Logist Supply Chain Manag","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-05-2023-0046"},{"issue":"6","key":"1068_CR32","first-page":"893","volume":"9","author":"J Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen J, Liu K, Ma C, Zhao Y, Shi C (2022) Bibliometric analysis and system review of vehicle routing optimisation for emergency material distribution. J Traffic Transp Eng (Engl Ed) 9(6):893\u2013911","journal-title":"J Traffic Transp Eng (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1068_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-015-1164-8","volume":"31","author":"YL Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie YL, Xia DH, Huang GH, Li W, Xu Y (2017) A multistage stochastic robust optimisation model with fuzzy probability distribution for water supply management under uncertainty. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 31(1):125\u2013143","journal-title":"Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"1068_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13136","volume":"29","author":"Y Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye Y, Jiao W, Yan H (2020) Managing relief inventories responding to natural disasters: gaps between practice and literature. Prod Oper Manag 29(4):807\u2013832","journal-title":"Prod Oper Manag"}],"container-title":["Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01068-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01068-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01068-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:43:59Z","timestamp":1786538639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01068-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12351-026-01068-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-2858","1866-1505"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1109-2858","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-1505","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not involve human participants or animals; hence, ethical approval and consent to participate were not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication in the journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"68"}}