{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:32:47Z","timestamp":1776097967703,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DPI2013-40534-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2013-40534-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-017-0440-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T06:17:03Z","timestamp":1510208223000},"page":"1009-1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Analysing the Computational Competences Acquired by K-12 Students When Lectured by Robotic and Human Teachers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-4786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camino","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Llamas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sedano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Matell\u00e1n-Olivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2316\/Journal.209.2013.1.209-0015","volume":"1","author":"O Mubin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mubin O, Stevens CJ, Shahid S, Mahmud AA, Dong J (2013) A review of the applicability of robots in education. J Technol Educ Learn 1:1\u20137. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2316\/Journal.209.2013.1.209-0015","journal-title":"J Technol Educ Learn"},{"key":"440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sierra JFG, Lera FJR, Llamas CF, Olivera VM (2015) Using robots and animals as motivational tools in ICT courses. VAEP-RITA (ISSN: 1932-8540), 10(1):1\u20137. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RITA.2015.2391391","DOI":"10.1109\/RITA.2015.2391391"},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2016.2548754","volume":"23","author":"A Takcs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takcs A, Eigner G, Kovcs L, Rudas IJ, Haidegger T (2016) Teacher\u2019s kit: development, usability and communities of modular robotic kits for classsroom education. IEEE Robot Autom Mag 23(2):30\u201339","journal-title":"IEEE Robot Autom Mag"},{"key":"440_CR4","unstructured":"Shin N, Kim S (2007) Learning about, from, and with robots: students perspectives. In: The 16th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication, 2007. RO-MAN 2007, pp 1040\u20131045"},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2013.807263","volume":"22","author":"SY Okita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okita SY, Schwartz DL (2013) Learning by teaching human pupils and teachable agents: the importance of recursive feedback. J Learn Sci 22(3):375\u2013412","journal-title":"J Learn Sci"},{"key":"440_CR6","unstructured":"Castellano G, Leite I, Paiva A, McOwan PW (2012) Affective teaching: learning more effectively from empathic robots. Awareness magazine: self-awareness in autonomic systems"},{"key":"440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka F, Matsuzoe S (2012) Children teach a care-receiving robot to promote their learning: Field experiments in a classroom for vocabulary learning. J Hum Robot Interact 1(1):78\u201395","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.1.1.Tanaka"},{"key":"440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saerbeck M, Schut T, Bartneck C, Janse MD (2010) Expressive robots in education: varying the degree of social supportive behavior of a robotic tutor CHI 2010, April 10\u201315, 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753567"},{"key":"440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hood D, Lemaignan S, Dillenbourg P (2015) When children teach a robot to write: an autonomous teachable humanoid which uses simulated handwriting. In: Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction. ACM, pp 83\u201390","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696479"},{"key":"440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall L, Hume C, Tazzyman S, Deshmukh A, Janarthanam S, Hastie H, Aylett R, Castellano G, Papadopoulos F, Jones A, Corrigan LJ, Paiva A, Oliveira PA, Ribeiro T, Barendregt W, Serholt S, Kappas A (2016) Map reading with an empathic robot tutor. In: 11th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction (HRI), Christchurch (New Zealand)","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451859"},{"key":"440_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Kennedy, P Baxter, E Senft, T Belpaeme (2016) Heart vs hard drive: children learn more from a human tutor than a social robot. In: 11th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction (HRI), Christchurch, pp 451\u2013452","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451801"},{"key":"440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sofia S, Barendregt W (2016) Robots tutoring children: longitudinal evaluation of social engagement in child\u2013robot interaction. In: Proceedings of the 9th Nordic conference on human\u2013computer interaction, NordiCHI \u201916, Gothenburg, Sweden, pp. 64-1, 64-10. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2971485.2971536","DOI":"10.1145\/2971485.2971536"},{"key":"440_CR13","volume-title":"Styles of learning and teaching: an integrated outline of educational psychology for students, teachers and lecturers","author":"NJ Entwistle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Entwistle NJ (2016) Styles of learning and teaching: an integrated outline of educational psychology for students, teachers and lecturers. Routledge, London"},{"issue":"4","key":"440_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-016-9387-z","volume":"18","author":"AJ Sharkey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharkey AJ (2016) Should we welcome robot teachers? Ethics Inf Technol 18(4):283\u2013297","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"440_CR15","unstructured":"You ZJ, Shen CY, Chang CW, Liu BJ, Chen GD (2006) A robot as a teaching assistant in an English class. In: Sixth IEEE international conference on in advanced learning technologies, pp 87\u201391"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1901&2_4","volume":"19","author":"T Kanda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kanda T, Hirano T, Eaton D, Ishiguro H (2004) Interactive robots as social partners and peer tutors for children: a field trial. Hum Comput Interact 19(1):61\u201384","journal-title":"Hum Comput Interact"},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5772\/10667","volume":"8","author":"T Hashimoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hashimoto T, Kato N, Kobayashi H (2011) Development of educational system with the android robot SAYA and evaluation. Int J Adv Rob Syst 8(3):28","journal-title":"Int J Adv Rob Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2016.2515018","volume":"23","author":"IM Verner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verner IM, Polishuk A, Krayner N (2016) Science class with the RoboThespian. IEEE Robot Autom Mag 23(2):74\u201380","journal-title":"IEEE Robot Autom Mag"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.1.1.Riek","volume":"1","author":"Laurel D Riek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riek Laurel D (2012) Wizard of Oz studies in HRI: a systematic review and new reporting guidelines. J Hum Robot Interact 1(1):119\u2013136. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5898\/JHRI.1.1.Riek","journal-title":"J Hum Robot Interact"},{"key":"440_CR20","volume-title":"Research design and methods: a process approach","author":"KS Bordens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bordens KS, Abbott BB (2002) Research design and methods: a process approach. McGraw-Hill, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2011.08.009","volume":"81","author":"G Charness","year":"2012","unstructured":"Charness G, Gneezy U, Kuhn MA (2012) Experimental methods: between-subject and within-subject design. J Econ Behav Organ 81(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1145\/353519.343063","volume":"32","author":"D Hagan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hagan D, Markham S (2000) Does it help to have some programming experience before beginning a computing degree program? SIGCSE Bull 32(3):25\u201328. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/353519.343063","journal-title":"SIGCSE Bull"},{"key":"440_CR23","unstructured":"Jenkins T (2002) On the difficulty of learning to program. Paper presented at the 3rd annual conference of the LTSN Centre for Information and Computer Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.08.015","volume":"58","author":"E Verd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verd E, Regueras LM, Verd MJ, Leal JP, de Castro JP, Queirs R (2012) A distributed system for learning programming on-line. Comput Educ 58(1):1\u201310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.08.015","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327663jcp0402_04","volume":"4","author":"PS Raju","year":"1995","unstructured":"Raju PS, Lonial SC, Glynn Mangold W (1995) Differential effects of subjective knowledge, objective knowledge, and usage experience on decision making: an exploratory investigation. J Consum Psychol 4(2):153\u2013180. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327663jcp0402_04","journal-title":"J Consum Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1995.1006","volume":"31","author":"CM Radecki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Radecki CM, Jaccard J (1995) Perceptions of knowledge, actual knowledge, and information search behaviour. J Exp Soc Psychol 31(2):107\u2013138. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jesp.1995.1006","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"440_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1145\/1592761.1592779","volume":"52","author":"M Resnick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Resnick M, Maloney J, Monroy-Hern\u00e1ndez A, Rusk N, Eastmond E, Brennan K, Millner A, Rosenbaum E, Silver J, Silverman B et al (2009) Scratch: programming for all. Commun ACM 52(11):60\u201367. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1592761.1592779","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"440_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.11.016","volume":"63","author":"G Fessakis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fessakis G, Gouli E, Mavroudi E (2013) Problem solving by 5\u20136 years old kindergarten children in a computer programming environment: a case study. Comput Educ 63:87\u201397. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.11.016","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"440_CR29","volume-title":"Pedagogy and ICT use in schools around the world: findings from the IEA SITES 2006 study","year":"2008","unstructured":"Law N, Pelgrum WJ, Plomp T (eds) (2008) Pedagogy and ICT use in schools around the world: findings from the IEA SITES 2006 study, vol 23. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"440_CR30","unstructured":"Condie R, Munro B (2007) The impact of ICT in schools: landscape review. British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (BECTA)"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR31","first-page":"28","volume":"13","author":"G Almerich Cerver","year":"2011","unstructured":"Almerich Cerver G, Surez Rodrguez JM, Jornet Meli JM, Orellana Alonso MN (2011) Las competencias y el uso de las Tecnologas de Informacin y Comunicacin (TIC) por el profesorado: estructura dimensional. Revista electrnica de investigacin educativa 13(1):28\u201342","journal-title":"Revista electrnica de investigacin educativa"},{"key":"440_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Baxter P, Belpaeme T (2015) The robot who tried too hard: Social behaviour of a robot tutor can negatively affect child learning. In: Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction, Portland, Oregon, pp 67\u201374","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696457"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-017-0440-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-017-0440-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-017-0440-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T15:07:36Z","timestamp":1604588856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-017-0440-9"}},"subtitle":["Can a Robot Teach Computational Principles to Pre-university Students?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-017-0440-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2017","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2017","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}