{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T01:31:25Z","timestamp":1770773485923,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001833","name":"VU University Amsterdam","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00534-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T20:15:08Z","timestamp":1552680908000},"page":"299-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Robot\u2013City Interaction: Mapping the Research Landscape\u2014A Survey of the Interactions Between Robots and Modern Cities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7116-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tiddi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Bastianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Daga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"d\u2019Aquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althoff D, Althoff M, Wollherr D, Buss M (2010) Probabilistic collision state checker for crowded environments. In: 2010 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 1492\u20131498","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509369"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127","volume":"11","author":"S Azhar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Azhar S (2011) Building information modeling (bim): trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the aec industry. Leaders Manag Eng 11(3):241\u2013252","journal-title":"Leaders Manag Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2005.1411418","volume":"12","author":"J Baber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baber J, Kolodko J, Noel T, Parent M, Vlacic L (2005) Cooperative autonomous driving: intelligent vehicles sharing city roads. IEEE Robot Autom Mag 12(1):44\u201349","journal-title":"IEEE Robot Autom Mag"},{"issue":"2","key":"534_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-012-0084-9","volume":"4","author":"T Bak\u0131c\u0131","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bak\u0131c\u0131 T, Almirall E, Wareham J (2013) A smart city initiative: the case of barcelona. J Knowl Econ 4(2):135\u2013148","journal-title":"J Knowl Econ"},{"key":"534_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartlett O, Gurau C, Marchegiani L, Posner I (2016) Enabling intelligent energy management for robots using publicly available maps. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 2224\u20132229","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759348"},{"issue":"2","key":"534_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.3.2.Beer","volume":"3","author":"J Beer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beer J, Fisk AD, Rogers WA (2014) Toward a framework for levels of robot autonomy in human\u2013robot interaction. J Hum Robot Interact 3(2):74","journal-title":"J Hum Robot Interact"},{"key":"534_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berkvens R, Jacobson A, Milford M, Peremans H, Weyn M (2014) Biologically inspired slam using wi-fi. In: 2014 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS 2014). IEEE, pp 1804\u20131811","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2014.6942799"},{"issue":"5","key":"534_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0501-34","volume":"284","author":"T Berners-Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berners-Lee T, Hendler J, Lassila O et al (2001) The semantic web. Sci Am 284(5):28\u201337","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"534_CR9","unstructured":"Bischof S, Karapantelakis A, Nechifor C-S, Sheth AP, Mileo A, Barnaghi P (2014) Semantic modelling of smart city data. \nhttps:\/\/corescholar.libraries.wright.edu\/knoesis\/572"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-016-0351-1","volume":"8","author":"M Bonaccorsi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonaccorsi M, Fiorini L, Cavallo F, Saffiotti A, Dario P (2016) A cloud robotics solution to improve social assistive robots for active and healthy aging. Int J Soc Robot 8(3):393\u2013408","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"534_CR11","unstructured":"Burgard W, Cremers AB, Fox D, H\u00e4hnel D, Lakemeyer G, Schulz D, Steiner W, Thrun S (1998) The interactive museum tour-guide robot. In: Aaai\/iaai, pp 11\u201318"},{"issue":"8","key":"534_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1145\/3015456","volume":"60","author":"L Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao L (2017) Data science: challenges and directions. Commun ACM 60(8):59\u201368","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"534_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carton D, Turnwald A, Wollherr D, Buss M (2013) Proactively approaching pedestrians with an autonomous mobile robot in urban environments. In: Desai J, Dudek G, Khatib O, Kumar V (eds) Experimental robotics. Springer tracts in advanced robotics, vol 88. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 199\u2013214","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-00065-7_15"},{"issue":"4","key":"534_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-014-9290-z","volume":"6","author":"F Cavallo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cavallo F, Limosani R, Manzi A, Bonaccorsi M, Esposito R, Di Rocco M, Pecora F, Teti G, Saffiotti A, Dario P (2014) Development of a socially believable multi-robot solution from town to home. Cognit Comput 6(4):954\u2013967","journal-title":"Cognit Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"534_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2009.04.001","volume":"5","author":"DJ Cook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cook DJ, Augusto JC, Jakkula VR (2009) Ambient intelligence: technologies, applications, and opportunities. Pervasive Mob Comput 5(4):277\u2013298","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob Comput"},{"key":"534_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook K, Bryan E, Yu H, Bai H, Seppi K, Beard R (2013) Intelligent cooperative control for urban tracking with unmanned air vehicles. In: 2013 international conference on unmanned aircraft systems (ICUAS). IEEE, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUAS.2013.6564667"},{"key":"534_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui Y, Voyles RM, Lane JT, Mahoor MH (2014) Refresh: a self-adaptation framework to support fault tolerance in field mobile robots. In: 2014 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS 2014). IEEE, pp 1576\u20131582","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2014.6942765"},{"key":"534_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daga E, d\u2019Aquin M, Adamou A, Motta E (2016) Addressing exploitability of smart city data. In: 2016 IEEE international smart cities conference (ISC2). IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ISC2.2016.7580764"},{"issue":"5","key":"534_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.24297\/ijct.v11i5.1142","volume":"11","author":"RP Dameri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dameri RP (2013) Searching for smart city definition: a comprehensive proposal. Int J Comput Technol 11(5):2544\u20132551","journal-title":"Int J Comput Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2200\/S00708ED1V01Y201603WBE014","volume":"6","author":"M d\u2019Aquin","year":"2016","unstructured":"d\u2019Aquin M, Motta E (2016) The epistemology of intelligent semantic web systems. Synth Lect Semant Web Theory Technol 6(1):1\u201388","journal-title":"Synth Lect Semant Web Theory Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"534_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2015.130","volume":"19","author":"M d\u2019Aquin","year":"2015","unstructured":"d\u2019Aquin M, Davies J, Motta E (2015) Smart cities\u2019 data: challenges and opportunities for semantic technologies. IEEE Internet Comput 19(6):66\u201370","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput"},{"key":"534_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Datta C, Vijay R (2010) Neel: an intelligent shopping guide using web data for rich interactions. In: 2010 5th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction (HRI). IEEE, pp 87\u201388","DOI":"10.1145\/1734454.1734485"},{"key":"534_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De\u00a0Nijs R, Juli\u00e1 M, Mitsou N, Gonsior B, Wollherr D, K\u00fchnlenz K, Buss M (2011) Following route graphs in urban environments. In: 2011 IEEE RO-MAN. IEEE, pp 363\u2013368","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2011.6005196"},{"issue":"6","key":"534_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1177\/0309132515618807","volume":"40","author":"VJ Del Casino Jr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Del Casino VJ Jr (2016) Social geographies ii: robots. Prog Hum Geogr 40(6):846\u2013855","journal-title":"Prog Hum Geogr"},{"key":"534_CR25","first-page":"1263","volume":"7","author":"KM Dresner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dresner KM, Stone P (2007) Sharing the road: autonomous vehicles meet human drivers. IJCAI 7:1263\u20131268","journal-title":"IJCAI"},{"key":"534_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ermacora G, Toma A, Rosa S, Bona B, Chiaberge M, Silvagni M, Gaspardone M, Antonini R (2014) A cloud based service for management and planning of autonomous uav missions in smart city scenarios. In: International workshop on modelling and simulation for autonomous systems. Springer, pp 20\u201326","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13823-7_3"},{"key":"534_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ermacora G, Rosa S, Bona B (2015) Sliding autonomy in cloud robotics services for smart city applications. In: Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction extended abstracts. ACM, pp 155\u2013156","DOI":"10.1145\/2701973.2701991"},{"key":"534_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ermacora G, Toma A, Antonini R, Rosa S (2016) Leveraging open data for supporting a cloud robotics service in a smart city environment. In: Menegatti E, Michael N, Berns K, Yamaguchi H (eds) Intelligent autonomous systems 13. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, vol 302. Springer, Cham, pp 527\u2013538","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08338-4_39"},{"key":"534_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fassbender D, Heinrich BC, Wuensche H-J (2016) Motion planning for autonomous vehicles in highly constrained urban environments. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 4708\u20134713","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759692"},{"key":"534_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foster ME, Alami R, Gestranius O, Lemon O, Niemel\u00e4 M, Odobez J-M, Pandey AK (2016) The mummer project: engaging human\u2013robot interaction in real-world public spaces. In: International conference on social robotics. Springer, pp 753\u2013763","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47437-3_74"},{"key":"534_CR31","unstructured":"Fund U.N.P. (2007) Unleashing the potential of urban growth. \nhttp:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/695_filename_sowp2007_eng.pdf\n\n. Accessed July 2017"},{"key":"534_CR32","volume-title":"Smart cities: ranking of European medium-sized cities","author":"R Giffinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Giffinger R, Pichler-Milanovi\u0107 N (2007) Smart cities: ranking of European medium-sized cities. Centre of Regional Science, Vienna University of Technology, Wien"},{"key":"534_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12922-8_9","volume-title":"Intelligent assistive robots","author":"DF Glas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glas DF, Kamei K, Kanda T, Miyashita T, Hagita N (2015) Human-robot interaction in public and smart spaces. In: Mohammed S, Moreno JC, Kong K, Amirat Y (eds) Intelligent assistive robots. Springer, Berlin, pp 235\u2013273"},{"key":"534_CR34","volume-title":"The presentation of self in everyday life","author":"E Goffman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Goffman E et al (1978) The presentation of self in everyday life. Harmondsworth, London"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000005","volume":"1","author":"MA Goodrich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goodrich MA, Schultz AC (2007) Human\u2013robot interaction: a survey. Found Trends Hum Comput Interact 1(3):203\u2013275","journal-title":"Found Trends Hum Comput Interact"},{"key":"534_CR36","volume-title":"Key concepts in urban studies","author":"M Gottdiener","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gottdiener M, Budd L, Lehtovuori P (2015) Key concepts in urban studies. Sage, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"534_CR37","volume-title":"The hidden dimension","author":"ET Hall","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hall ET (1966) The hidden dimension. Doubleday & Co, New York"},{"key":"534_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashim MSM, Lu T-F, Basri HH (2012) Dynamic obstacle avoidance approach for car-like robots in dynamic environments. In: 2012 IEEE symposium on computer applications and industrial electronics (ISCAIE), pp 130\u2013135","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAIE.2012.6482083"},{"key":"534_CR39","unstructured":"Hawes N, Burbridge C, Jovan F, Kunze L, Lacerda B, Mudrov\u00e1 L, Young J, Wyatt JL, Hebesberger D, K\u00f6rtner T, Ambrus R, Bore N, Folkesson J, Jensfelt P, Beyer L, Hermans A, Leibe B, Aldoma A, Faulhammer T, Zillich M, Vincze M, Al-Omari M, Chinellato E, Duckworth P, Gatsoulis Y, Hogg DC, Cohn AG, Dondrup C, Fentanes JP, Krajn\u00edk T, Santos JM, Duckett T, Hanheide M (2016) The STRANDS project: long-term autonomy in everyday environments. CoRR, abs\/1604.04384. \narXiv:1604.04384"},{"key":"534_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He M, Takeuchi E, Ninomiya Y, Kato S (2016) Precise and efficient model-based vehicle tracking method using rao-blackwellized and scaling series particle filters. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 117\u2013124","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759043"},{"key":"534_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helm V, Ercan S, Gramazio F, Kohler M (2012) Mobile robotic fabrication on construction sites: Dimrob. In: 2012 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 4335\u20134341","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2012.6385617"},{"key":"534_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertzberg J, Kirchner F (1996) Landmark-based autonomous navigation in sewerage pipes. In: Proceedings of the 1st Euromicro workshop on advanced mobile robot. IEEE, pp 68\u201373","DOI":"10.1109\/EURBOT.1996.551883"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/13604810802479126","volume":"12","author":"RG Hollands","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hollands RG (2008) Will the real smart city please stand up? intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City 12(3):303\u2013320","journal-title":"City"},{"key":"534_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong JH, Min B-C, Taylor JM, Raskin V, Matson ET (2012) Nl-based communication with firefighting robots. In: 2012 IEEE international conference on systems, man, and cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, pp 1461\u20131466","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2012.6377941"},{"key":"534_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoshino S, Ugajin S (2016) Adaptive patrolling by mobile robot for changing visitor trends. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 104\u2013110","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759041"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2012.6201212","volume":"26","author":"G Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu G, Tay WP, Wen Y (2012) Cloud robotics: architecture, challenges and applications. IEEE Netw 26(3):21\u201328","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"key":"534_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcttenrauch H, Eklundh KS, Green A, Topp EA (2006) Investigating spatial relationships in human\u2013robot interaction. In: 2006 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems. IEEE, pp 5052\u20135059","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2006.282535"},{"key":"534_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang B, Sample AP, Wistort RM, Mamishev AV (2005) Autonomous robotic monitoring of underground cable systems. In: 12th international conference on advanced robotics. ICAR\u201905. Proceedings. IEEE, pp 673\u2013679","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAR.2005.1507481"},{"issue":"5","key":"534_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2010.2062550","volume":"26","author":"T Kanda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kanda T, Shiomi M, Miyashita Z, Ishiguro H, Hagita N (2010) A communication robot in a shopping mall. IEEE Trans Robot 26(5):897\u2013913","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Robot"},{"key":"534_CR50","unstructured":"Kasap \u00c7B (2016) Philosophy of interaction. Current Topics in Social Sciences, p 97"},{"key":"534_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan MM, Ali H, Berns K, Muhammad A (2016) Road traversability analysis using network properties of roadmaps. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 2960\u20132965","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759458"},{"key":"534_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2014.08.008","volume":"58","author":"E Khorov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khorov E, Lyakhov A, Krotov A, Guschin A (2015) A survey on ieee 802.11 ah: an enabling networking technology for smart cities. Comput Commun 58:53\u201369","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"534_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim RH, Moon Y, Choi JJ, Kwak SS (2014) The effect of robot appearance types on motivating donation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction. ACM, pp 210\u2013211","DOI":"10.1145\/2559636.2563685"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-013-9516-8","volume":"79","author":"R Kitchin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kitchin R (2014) The real-time city? big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal 79(1):1\u201314","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"534_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubotal N, Shimomura Y (2006) Human-friendly networked partner robots toward sophisticated services for a community. In: SICE-ICASE. International joint conference. IEEE, pp 4861\u20134866","DOI":"10.1109\/SICE.2006.314608"},{"key":"534_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcmmerle R, Ruhnke M, Steder B, Stachniss C, Burgard W (2013) A navigation system for robots operating in crowded urban environments. In: 2013 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 3225\u20133232","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2013.6631026"},{"issue":"4","key":"534_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21534","volume":"32","author":"R K\u00fcmmerle","year":"2015","unstructured":"K\u00fcmmerle R, Ruhnke M, Steder B, Stachniss C, Burgard W (2015) Autonomous robot navigation in highly populated pedestrian zones. J Field Robot 32(4):565\u2013589","journal-title":"J Field Robot"},{"key":"534_CR58","volume-title":"The social science encyclopedia","author":"A Kuper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuper A (2013) The social science encyclopedia. Routledge, Abingdon"},{"key":"534_CR59","unstructured":"La HM, Gucunski N, Kee S-H, Yi J, Senlet T, Nguyen L (2014) Autonomous robotic system for bridge deck data collection and analysis. In: 2014 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS 2014). IEEE, pp 1950\u20131955"},{"key":"534_CR60","unstructured":"Latscha S, Kofron M, Stroffolino A, Davis L, Merritt G, Piccoli M, Yim M (2014). Design of a hybrid exploration robot for air and land deployment (herald) for urban search and rescue applications. In: 2014 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS 2014). IEEE, pp 1868\u20131873"},{"key":"534_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawitzky A, Wollherr D, Buss M (2013) Energy optimal control to approach traffic lights. In: 2013 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 4382\u20134387","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2013.6696985"},{"key":"534_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee U, Jung J, Shin S, Jeong Y, Park K, Shim DH, Kweon I-S (2016) Eurecar turbo: a self-driving car that can handle adverse weather conditions. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 2301\u20132306","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759359"},{"key":"534_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lichtenth\u00e4ler C, Peters A, Griffiths S, Kirsch A (2013) Social navigation-identifying robot navigation patterns in a path crossing scenario. In: International conference on social robotics. Springer, pp 84\u201393","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-02675-6_9"},{"key":"534_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lidoris G, Bauer KKA, Xu T, Kuhnlenz K, Wollherr D, Buss M (2007) The autonomous city explorer project: aims and system overview. In: IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems. IROS 2007. IEEE, pp 560\u2013565","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2007.4399411"},{"key":"534_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maier D, Kleiner A (2010) Improved gps sensor model for mobile robots in urban terrain. In: 2010 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 4385\u20134390","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509895"},{"key":"534_CR66","volume-title":"Disruptive technologies: advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy","author":"J Manyika","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manyika J, Chui M, Bughin J, Dobbs R, Bisson P, Marrs A (2013) Disruptive technologies: advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy, vol 180. McKinsey Global Institute San Francisco, San Francisco"},{"key":"534_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathibela B, Posner I, Newman P (2013) A roadwork scene signature based on the opponent colour model. In: 2013 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 4394\u20134400","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2013.6696987"},{"key":"534_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matson ET, Min B-C (2011) M2m infrastructure to integrate humans, agents and robots into collectives. In: 2011 IEEE instrumentation and measurement technology conference (I2MTC). IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/IMTC.2011.5944359"},{"key":"534_CR69","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Satake S, Kanda T, Imai M, Hagita N (2012) Do you remember that shop? Computational model of spatial memory for shopping companion robots. In:2012 7th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction (HRI). IEEE, pp 447\u2013454"},{"key":"534_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta D, Ferrer G, Olson E (2016) Autonomous navigation in dynamic social environments using multi-policy decision making. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 1190\u20131197","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759200"},{"key":"534_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2014.06.013","volume":"45","author":"K Mori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mori K, Yamashita T (2015) Methodological framework of sustainability assessment in city sustainability index (csi): a concept of constraint and maximisation indicators. Habitat Int 45:10\u201314","journal-title":"Habitat Int"},{"key":"534_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motta E, Sabou M (2006) Next generation semantic web applications. In: Asian semantic web conference. Springer, pp 24\u201329","DOI":"10.1007\/11836025_3"},{"key":"534_CR73","unstructured":"Mumford L (1937) What is a City? na"},{"key":"534_CR74","unstructured":"Murdock P, Bassbouss L, Kraft A, Bauer M, Logvinov O, Ben Alaya M, Longstreth T, Bhowmik R, Martigne P, Brett P, Mladin C, Chakraborty R, Monteil T, Dadas M, Davies J, Nappey P, Diab W, Raggett D, Drira K, Wang C (2016) Semantic interoperability for the web of things. \nhttps:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-01362033\/"},{"key":"534_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nassiraei AA, Kawamura Y, Ahrary A, Mikuriya Y, Ishii K (2007) Concept and design of a fully autonomous sewer pipe inspection mobile robot kantaro. In: 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation. IEEE, pp 136\u2013143","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2007.363777"},{"key":"534_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omari S, Gohl P, Burri M, Achtelik M, Siegwart R (2014) Visual industrial inspection using aerial robots. In: 2014 3rd international conference on applied robotics for the power industry (CARPI). IEEE, pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/CARPI.2014.7030056"},{"key":"534_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park C, Ond\u0159ej J, Gilbert M, Freeman K, O\u2019Sullivan C (2016) Hi robot: Human intention-aware robot planning for safe and efficient navigation in crowds. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 3320\u20133326","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759511"},{"key":"534_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petriu EM, Patry GG, Whalen TE, Al-Dhaher A, Groza VZ (2002) Intelligent robotic sensor agents for environment monitoring. In: 2002 IEEE international symposium on virtual and intelligent measurement systems VIMS\u201902. IEEE, pp 14\u201319","DOI":"10.1109\/VIMS.2002.1009350"},{"key":"534_CR79","unstructured":"Petsch K, Dotzlaf P, Daubenspeck C, Duthie N, Mock A (2012) Automated parking space locator: Rsm. In: ASSE North central section conference"},{"key":"534_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radwan N, Tipaldi GD, Spinello L, Burgard W (2016) Do you see the bakery? Leveraging geo-referenced texts for global localization in public maps. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 4837\u20134842","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487688"},{"issue":"4","key":"534_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan5040020","volume":"5","author":"A Rahman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rahman A, Jin J, Cricenti A, Rahman A, Palaniswami M, Luo T (2016) Cloud-enhanced robotic system for smart city crowd control. J Sens Actuator Netw 5(4):20","journal-title":"J Sens Actuator Netw"},{"key":"534_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2017.03.003","volume":"247","author":"K Rajan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rajan K, Saffiotti A (2017) Towards a science of integrated AI and robotics. Artif Intell 247:1\u20139","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"534_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-014-9285-9","volume":"6","author":"J R\u00f6ning","year":"2014","unstructured":"R\u00f6ning J, Holappa J, Kellokumpu V, Tikanm\u00e4ki A, Pietik\u00e4inen M (2014) Minotaurus: a system for affective human\u2013robot interaction in smart environments. Cognit Comput 6(4):940\u2013953","journal-title":"Cognit Comput"},{"key":"534_CR84","first-page":"27","volume":"25","author":"S Russell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Russell S, Norvig P, Intelligence A (1995) A modern approach. Artif Intell 25:27","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"534_CR85","unstructured":"Salvini P (2017) Urban robotics: towards responsible innovations for our cities. Robot Auton Syst (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.robot.2017.03.007. ISSN 0921-8890. \nhttp:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0921889016303505"},{"key":"534_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandy T, Giftthaler M, D\u00f6rfler K, Kohler M, Buchli J (2016) Autonomous repositioning and localization of an in situ fabricator. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 2852\u20132858","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487449"},{"key":"534_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarabia M, Le Mau T, Soh H, Naruse S, Poon C, Liao Z, Tan KC, Lai ZJ, Demiris Y (2013) icharibot: design and field trials of a fundraising robot. In: International conference on social robotics. Springer, pp 412\u2013421","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-02675-6_41"},{"key":"534_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satake S, Hayashi K, Nakatani K, Kanda T (2015) Field trial of an information-providing robot in a shopping mall. In: 2015 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 1832\u20131839","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2015.7353616"},{"key":"534_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt D, Proetzsch M, Berns K (2010) Simulation and control of an autonomous bucket excavator for landscaping tasks. In: 2010 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 5108\u20135113","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509546"},{"key":"534_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneemann F, Heinemann P (2016) Context-based detection of pedestrian crossing intention for autonomous driving in urban environments. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 2243\u20132248","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759351"},{"key":"534_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholtz J (2003) Theory and evaluation of human robot interactions. In: Proceedings of the 36th annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences. IEEE, p 10","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2003.1174284"},{"key":"534_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203422724","volume-title":"Discourses in place: language in the material world","author":"R Scollon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scollon R, Scollon SW (2003) Discourses in place: language in the material world. Routledge, Abingdon"},{"key":"534_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheridan TB, Verplank WL (1978) Human and computer control of undersea teleoperators. Technical report, DTIC Document","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA057655"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0077-4","volume":"3","author":"M Shiomi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shiomi M, Sakamoto D, Kanda T, Ishi CT, Ishiguro H, Hagita N (2011) Field trial of a networked robot at a train station. Int J Soc Robot 3(1):27\u201340","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00376-7","volume":"42","author":"R Siegwart","year":"2003","unstructured":"Siegwart R, Arras KO, Bouabdallah S, Burnier D, Froidevaux G, Greppin X, Jensen B, Lorotte A, Mayor L, Meisser M et al (2003) Robox at expo. 02: a large-scale installation of personal robots. Robot Auton Syst 42(3):203\u2013222","journal-title":"Robot Auton Syst"},{"key":"534_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinaeepourfard A, Garcia J, Masip-Bruin X, Marin-Tordera E, Yin X, Wang C (2016) A data lifecycle model for smart cities. In: 2016 international conference on information and communication technology convergence (ICTC). IEEE, pp 400\u2013405","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2016.7763506"},{"key":"534_CR97","unstructured":"SPARC (2013) Strategic research agenda for robotics in 2014\u20132020. \nhttps:\/\/www.eu-robotics.net\/cms\/upload\/topic_groups\/SRA2020_SPARC.pdf\n\n. Accessed Sept 2018"},{"key":"534_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinfeld A, Fong T, Kaber D, Lewis M, Scholtz J, Schultz A, Goodrich M (2006) Common metrics for human\u2013robot interaction. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI\/SIGART conference on human\u2013robot interaction. ACM, pp 33\u201340","DOI":"10.1145\/1121241.1121249"},{"key":"534_CR99","unstructured":"Thrun S, Bennewitz M, Burgard W, Cremers AB, Dellaert F, Fox D, Hahnel D, Rosenberg C, Roy N, Schulte J, et al (1999) Minerva: a second-generation museum tour-guide robot. In: 1999 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation. Proceedings, vol 3. IEEE"},{"key":"534_CR100","unstructured":"Tiddi I (2016) Explaining data patterns using knowledge from the web of data. Ph.D. thesis, The Open University"},{"key":"534_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiddi I, Bastianelli E, Bardaro G, d\u2019Aquin M, Motta E (2017) An ontology-based approach to improve the accessibility of ros-based robotic systems. In: Proceedings of the knowledge capture conference (K-CAP2017). ACM, p 13","DOI":"10.1145\/3148011.3148014"},{"key":"534_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trautman P, Ma J, Murray RM, Krause A (2013) Robot navigation in dense human crowds: the case for cooperation. In: 2013 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 2153\u20132160","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2013.6630866"},{"issue":"4","key":"534_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9438","DOI":"10.3390\/s150409438","volume":"15","author":"T Tsuji","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsuji T, Mozos OM, Chae H, Pyo Y, Kusaka K, Hasegawa T, Morooka K, Kurazume R (2015) An informationally structured room for robotic assistance. Sensors 15(4):9438\u20139465","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"12","key":"534_CR104","first-page":"2","volume":"6","author":"G Veruggio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Veruggio G, Operto F (2006) Roboethics: a bottom-up interdisciplinary discourse in the field of applied ethics in robotics. Int Rev Inf Ethics 6(12):2\u20138","journal-title":"Int Rev Inf Ethics"},{"key":"534_CR105","first-page":"2206","volume":"9","author":"J Vom Brocke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vom Brocke J, Simons A, Niehaves B, Riemer K, Plattfaut R, Cleven A et al (2009) Reconstructing the giant: on the importance of rigour in documenting the literature search process. ECIS 9:2206\u20132217","journal-title":"ECIS"},{"issue":"6","key":"534_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan6080","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aan6080","volume":"2","author":"S Wachter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wachter S, Mittelstadt B, Floridi L (2017) Transparent, explainable, and accountable ai for robotics. Sci Robot 2(6):eaan6080","journal-title":"Sci Robot"},{"key":"534_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagoner A, Jagadish A, Matson ET, EunSeop L, Nah Y, Tae KK, Lee DH, Joeng J-E (2015) Humanoid robots rescuing humans and extinguishing fires for cooperative fire security system using harms. In: 2015 6th international conference on automation, robotics and applications (ICARA). IEEE, pp 411\u2013415","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARA.2015.7081183"},{"issue":"2","key":"534_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2011.941632","volume":"18","author":"M Waibel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Waibel M, Beetz M, Civera J, d\u2019Andrea R, Elfring J, Galvez-Lopez D, H\u00e4ussermann K, Janssen R, Montiel J, Perzylo A et al (2011) Roboearth. IEEE Robot Autom Mag 18(2):69\u201382","journal-title":"IEEE Robot Autom Mag"},{"key":"534_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss A, Igelsb\u00f6ck J, Tscheligi M, Bauer A, K\u00fchnlenz K, Wollherr D, Buss M (2010) Robots asking for directions: the willingness of passers-by to support robots. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction. IEEE Press, pp 23\u201330","DOI":"10.1145\/1734454.1734468"},{"key":"534_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wellhausen L, Jacob MG (2016) Map-optimized probabilistic traffic rule evaluation. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 3012\u20133017","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759466"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/217913","volume":"44","author":"L Wirth","year":"1938","unstructured":"Wirth L (1938) Urbanism as a way of life. Am J Sociol 44(1):1\u201324","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"534_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wulfmeier M, Wang DZ, Posner I (2016) Watch this: Scalable cost-function learning for path planning in urban environments. In: 2016 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS). IEEE, pp 2089\u20132095","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759328"},{"key":"534_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamauchi B (2010) All-weather perception for man-portable robots using ultra-wideband radar. In: 2010 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA). IEEE, pp 3610\u20133615","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509804"},{"key":"534_CR114","unstructured":"Yanco HA, Drury J (2004) Classifying human-robot interaction: an updated taxonomy. In: 2004 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics, vol 3. IEEE, pp 2841\u20132846"},{"key":"534_CR115","unstructured":"Zicari RV (2014) Big data: challenges and opportunities. Big Data Comput 564"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-019-00534-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-019-00534-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-019-00534-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T12:13:20Z","timestamp":1589804000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-019-00534-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-019-00534-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2019","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2019","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}