{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:24:38Z","timestamp":1776101078344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00656-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T04:02:30Z","timestamp":1589688150000},"page":"599-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Mind in the Machine: Mind Perception Modulates Gaze Aversion During Child\u2013Robot Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-2907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Desideri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9831-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Bonifacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Croati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Dalena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gesualdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfelice","family":"Molinario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Gherardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Cesario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5240-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ottaviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180024","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0024","volume":"374","author":"ES Cross","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cross ES, Hortensius R, Wykowska A (2019) From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human\u2013robot interaction. Philos Trans R Soc B 374:20180024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2018.0024","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"656_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01663","volume":"8","author":"E Wiese","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiese E, Metta G, Wykowska A (2017) Robots as intentional agents: using neuroscientific methods to make robots appear more social. Front Psychol 8:1663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01663","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12011","volume":"7","author":"PH Kahn Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kahn PH Jr, Gary HE, Shen S (2013) Children\u2019s social relationships with current and near-future robots. Child Dev Perspect 7:32\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdep.12011","journal-title":"Child Dev Perspect"},{"key":"656_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-016-0667-2","volume":"32","author":"S Serholt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serholt S, Barendregt W, Vasalou A, Alves-Oliveira P, Jones A, Petisca S, Paiva A (2017) The case of classroom robots: teachers\u2019 deliberations on the ethical tensions. AI Soc 32:613\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-016-0667-2","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"key":"656_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721412436810","volume":"21","author":"H Ehrlichman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ehrlichman H, Micic D (2012) Why do people move their eyes when they think? Curr Dir Psychol Sci 21:96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721412436810","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"656_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211385","volume":"26","author":"AM Glenberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Glenberg AM, Schroeder JL, Robertson DA (1998) Averting the gaze disengages the environment and facilitates remembering. Mem Cogn 26:651\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03211385","journal-title":"Mem Cogn"},{"key":"656_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.06.021","volume":"168","author":"D Abeles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abeles D, Yuval-Greenberg S (2017) Just look away: gaze aversions as an overt attentional disengagement mechanism. Cognition 168:99\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.06.021","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"656_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00671","volume":"5","author":"H Buchanan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buchanan H, Markson L, Bertrand E, Greaves S, Parmar R, Paterson KB (2014) Effects of social gaze on visual-spatial imagination. Front Psychol 5:671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00671","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195338","volume":"33","author":"G Doherty-Sneddon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doherty-Sneddon G, Phelps FG (2005) Gaze aversion: a solution to cognitive or social difficulty? Mem Cogn 33:727\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03195338","journal-title":"Mem Cogn"},{"key":"656_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P65","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.P65","volume":"57","author":"GO Einstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Einstein GO, Earles JL, Collins HM (2002) Gaze aversion: spared inhibition for visual distraction in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 57:P65\u2013P73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.P65","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"656_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1348\/000712608X371762","volume":"100","author":"L Markson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Markson L, Paterson KB (2009) Effects of gaze-aversion on visual-spatial imagination. Brit J Psychol 100:553\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/000712608X371762","journal-title":"Brit J Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195753","volume":"29","author":"G Doherty-Sneddon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Doherty-Sneddon G, Bonner L, Bruce V (2001) Cognitive demands of face monitoring: evidence for visuospatial overload. Mem Cogn 29:909\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03195753","journal-title":"Mem Cogn"},{"key":"656_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.38.3.438","volume":"38","author":"G Doherty-Sneddon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Doherty-Sneddon G, Bruce V, Bonner L, Longbotham S, Doyle C (2002) Development of gaze aversion as disengagement from visual information. Dev Psychol 38:438\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.38.3.438","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/07370000903014329","volume":"24","author":"FG Phelps","year":"2006","unstructured":"Phelps FG, Doherty-Sneddon G, Warnock H (2006) Helping children think: gaze aversion and teaching. Brit J Dev Psychol 24:577\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07370000903014329","journal-title":"Brit J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.100.1.78","volume":"100","author":"CL Kleinke","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kleinke CL (1986) Gaze and eye contact: a research review. Psychol Bull 100:78\u2013100","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"656_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.10.002","volume":"157","author":"S Kajimura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kajimura S, Nomura M (2016) When we cannot speak: eye contact disrupts resources available to cognitive control processes during verb generation. Cognition 157:352\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.10.002","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"656_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.07.012","volume":"107","author":"SR Langton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Langton SR, Law AS, Burton AM, Schweinberger SR (2008) Attention capture by faces. Cognition 107:330\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.07.012","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"656_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.72.3.695","volume":"72","author":"C Teufel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teufel C, Alexis DM, Clayton NS, Davis G (2010) Mental-state attribution drives rapid, reflexive gaze following. Atten Percept Psycho 72:695\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/APP.72.3.695","journal-title":"Atten Percept Psycho"},{"key":"656_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134475","volume":"315","author":"HM Gray","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gray HM, Gray K, Wegner DM (2007) Dimensions of mind perception. Science 315:619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1134475","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"656_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2012.651387","volume":"23","author":"K Gray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gray K, Young L, Waytz A (2012) Mind perception is the essence of morality. Psychol Inq 23:101\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1047840X.2012.651387","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"656_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000186","volume":"25","author":"E Wiese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiese E, Mandel A, Shaw T, Smith M (2019) Implicit mind perception alters vigilance performance because of cognitive conflict processing. J Exp Psychol Appl 25:25\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xap0000186","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Appl"},{"key":"656_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470561119.socpsy001014","volume-title":"Handbook of social psychology","author":"N Epley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Epley N, Waytz A (2010) Mind perception. In: Fiske ST, Gilbert DT, Lindzey G (eds) Handbook of social psychology. Wiley, Hoboken. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470561119.socpsy001014"},{"key":"656_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.05.006","volume":"14","author":"A Waytz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waytz A, Gray K, Epley N, Wegner DM (2010) Causes and consequences of mind perception. Trends Cogn Sci 14:383\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2010.05.006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"656_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13854","volume":"1426","author":"F Capozzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Capozzi F, Ristic J (2018) How attention gates social interactions. Ann NY Acad Sci 1426:179\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13854","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"656_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2307\/2025382","volume":"68","author":"DC Dennett","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dennett DC (1971) Intentional systems. J Philos 68:87\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2025382","journal-title":"J Philos"},{"key":"656_CR26","volume-title":"The intentional stance","author":"DC Dennett","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dennett DC (1987) The intentional stance. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"656_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13727","volume":"1426","author":"R Hortensius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hortensius R, Cross ES (2018) From automata to animate beings: the scope and limits of attributing socialness to artificial agents. Ann NY Acad Sci 1426:93\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13727","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"656_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2016.1160953","volume":"12","author":"N Caruana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caruana N, de Lissa P, McArthur G (2017) Beliefs about human agency influence the neural processing of gaze during joint attention. Soc Neurosci 12:194\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470919.2016.1160953","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-018-0608-2","volume":"18","author":"E Wiese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiese E, Buzzell GA, Abubshait A, Beatty PJ (2018) Seeing minds in others: mind perception modulates low-level social-cognitive performance and relates to ventromedial prefrontal structures. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 18:837\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-018-0608-2","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150375","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0375","volume":"371","author":"A Wykowska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wykowska A, Chaminade T, Cheng G (2016) Embodied artificial agents for understanding human social cognition. Philos Trans R Soc B 371:20150375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0375","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"656_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045391","volume":"7","author":"E Wiese","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wiese E, Wykowska A, Zwickel J, M\u00fcller HJ (2012) I see what you mean: how attentional selection is shaped by ascribing intentions to others. PLoS ONE 7:e45391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0045391","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"656_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94529","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094529","volume":"9","author":"E Wiese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wiese E, Wykowska A, M\u00fcller HJ (2014) What we observe is biased by what other people tell us: beliefs about the reliability of gaze behavior modulate attentional orienting to gaze cues. PLoS ONE 9:e94529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094529","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"656_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94339","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094339","volume":"9","author":"A Wykowska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wykowska A, Wiese E, Prosser A, M\u00fcller HJ (2014) Beliefs about the minds of others influence how we process sensory information. PLoS ONE 9:e94339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094339","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"656_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2008.26.2.169","volume":"26","author":"S Kiesler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kiesler S, Powers A, Fussell SR, Torrey C (2008) Anthropomorphic interactions with a robot and robot-like agent. Soc Cogn 26:169\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/soco.2008.26.2.169","journal-title":"Soc Cogn"},{"key":"656_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27591","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027591","volume":"6","author":"UJ Pfeiffer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pfeiffer UJ, Timmermans B, Bente G, Vogeley K, Schilbach L (2011) A non-verbal Turing test: differentiating mind from machine in gaze-based social interaction. PLoS ONE 6:e27591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0027591","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"656_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01393","volume":"8","author":"A Abubshait","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abubshait A, Wiese E (2017) You look human, but act like a machine: agent appearance and behavior modulate different aspects of human\u2013robot interaction. Front Psychol 8:1393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01393","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2016.1207702","volume":"12","author":"C \u00d6zdem","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00d6zdem C, Wiese E, Wykowska A, M\u00fcller H, Brass M, Van Overwalle F (2017) Believing androids\u2014fMRI activation in the right temporo-parietal junction is modulated by ascribing intentions to non-human agents. Soc Neurosci 12:582\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470919.2016.1207702","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00139","volume":"11","author":"E Schellen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schellen E, Wykowska A (2019) Intentional mindset toward robots\u2014open questions and methodological challenges. Front Robot AI 11:139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2018.00139","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"656_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002","volume":"26","author":"KJ Haley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haley KJ, Fessler DM (2005) Nobody\u2019s watching?: Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evol Hum Behav 26:245\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002","journal-title":"Evol Hum Behav"},{"key":"656_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0720(200007\/08)14:4<379::AID-ACP664>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"14","author":"G Doherty-Sneddon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Doherty-Sneddon G, McAuley S (2000) Influence of video-mediation on adult\u2013child interviews: implications for the use of the live link with child witnesses. Appl Cogn Psychol 14:379\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1099-0720(200007\/08)14:4%3c379:AID-ACP664%3e3.0.CO;2-T","journal-title":"Appl Cogn Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.10.014","volume":"28","author":"N Lapidot-Lefler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lapidot-Lefler N, Barak A (2012) Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye contact on toxic online disinhibition. Comput Hum Behav 28:434\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2011.10.014","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"656_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2011.645019","volume":"34","author":"DM Riby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riby DM, Whittle L, Doherty-Sneddon G (2012) Physiological reactivity to faces via live and video-mediated communication in typical and atypical development. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 34:385\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803395.2011.645019","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"656_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.89.6.925","volume":"89","author":"J Kruger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kruger J, Epley N, Parker J, Ng ZW (2005) Egocentrism over e-mail: can we communicate as well as we think? J Pers Soc Psychol 89:925\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.89.6.925","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616654457","volume":"12","author":"T Grossmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grossmann T (2017) The eyes as windows into other minds: an integrative perspective. Perspect Psychol Sci 12:107\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691616654457","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"656_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7487","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308220101","volume":"101","author":"AS Heberlein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heberlein AS, Adolphs R (2004) Impaired spontaneous anthropomorphizing despite intact perception and social knowledge. PNAS 101:7487\u20137491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0308220101","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"656_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1884","volume":"7","author":"DM Amodio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Amodio DM, Frith CD (2006) Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1884","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5258","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05258.2003","volume":"23","author":"KK Kampe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kampe KK, Frith CD, Frith U (2003) \u201cHey John\u201d: signals conveying communicative intention toward the self activate brain regions associated with \u201cmentalizing\u201d, regardless of modality. J Neurosci 23:5258\u20135263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05258.2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2006.00423.x","volume":"15","author":"KA Pelphrey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pelphrey KA, Morris JP (2006) Brain mechanisms for interpreting the actions of others from biological-motion cues. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 15:136\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2006.00423.x","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"656_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-018-1530-x","volume":"26","author":"C Colombatto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colombatto C, van Buren B, Scholl BJ (2019) Intentionally distracting: working memory is disrupted by the perception of other agents attending to you\u2014even without eye-gaze cues. Psychon B Rev 26:951\u2013957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-018-1530-x","journal-title":"Psychon B Rev"},{"key":"656_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.12.005","volume":"115","author":"L Conty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Conty L, Gimmig D, Belletier C, George N, Huguet P (2010) The cost of being watched: stroop interference increases under concomitant eye contact. Cognition 115:133\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.12.005","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"656_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.09.003","volume":"117","author":"T Foulsham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Foulsham T, Cheng JT, Tracy JL, Henrich J, Kingstone A (2010) Gaze allocation in a dynamic situation: effects of social status and speaking. Cognition 117:319\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.09.003","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"656_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00102-X","volume":"41","author":"MF Land","year":"2001","unstructured":"Land MF, Hayhoe M (2001) In what ways do eye movements contribute to everyday activities? Vis Res 41:3559\u20133565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00102-X","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"656_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.009","volume":"13","author":"A Senju","year":"2009","unstructured":"Senju A, Johnson MH (2009) The eye contact effect: mechanisms and development. Trends Cogn Sci 13:127\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"656_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.013","volume":"90","author":"L Desideri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Desideri L, Ottaviani C, Malavasi M, di Marzio R, Bonifacci P (2019) Emotional processes in human\u2013robot interaction during brief cognitive testing. Comput Hum Behav 90:331\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.013","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"656_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12999","volume":"90","author":"KA Brink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brink KA, Gray K, Wellman HM (2017) Creepiness creeps in: uncanny valley feelings are acquired in childhood. Child Dev 90:1202\u20131214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12999","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"656_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/15248372.2014.989445","volume":"17","author":"RL Severson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Severson RL, Lemm KM (2016) Kids see human too: adapting an individual differences measure of anthropomorphism for a child sample. J Cogn Dev 17:122\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15248372.2014.989445","journal-title":"J Cogn Dev"},{"key":"656_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1981.tb00493.x","volume":"20","author":"GW Beattie","year":"1981","unstructured":"Beattie GW (1981) A further investigation of the cognitive interference hypothesis of gaze patterns during conversation. Brit J Soc Psychol 20:243\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1981.tb00493.x","journal-title":"Brit J Soc Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.4.655","volume":"29","author":"RA Fabes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fabes RA, Eisenberg N, Eisenbud L (1993) Behavioral and physiological correlates of children\u2019s reactions to others in distress. Dev Psychol 29:655\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.29.4.655","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X14666160816120209","volume":"15","author":"V Colonnello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colonnello V, Petrocchi N, Farinelli M, Ottaviani C (2017) Positive social interactions in a lifespan perspective with a focus on opioidergic and oxytocinergic systems: implications for neuroprotection. Curr Neuropharmacol 15:543\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X14666160816120209","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"656_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1301.004","volume":"1008","author":"SW Porges","year":"2003","unstructured":"Porges SW (2003) Social engagement and attachment. Ann NY Acad Sci 1008:31\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1301.004","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"656_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009","volume":"74","author":"SW Porges","year":"2007","unstructured":"Porges SW (2007) The polyvagal perspective. Biol Psychol 74:116\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0257-2","volume":"45","author":"N Bunford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bunford N, Evans SW, Zoccola PM, Owen JS, Flory K, Spiel CF (2017) Correspondence between heart rate variability and emotion dysregulation in children, including children with ADHD. J Abnorm Psychol 45:1325\u20131337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-016-0257-2","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01587","volume":"9","author":"JK Hietanen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hietanen JK (2018) Affective eye contact: an integrative review. Front Psychol 9:1587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01587","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR64","unstructured":"Thalheimer W, Cook S (2002). How to calculate effect sizes from published research articles: a simplified methodology. http:\/\/www.bwgriffin.com\/gsu\/courses\/edur9131\/content\/Effect_Sizes_pdf5.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec 2018"},{"key":"656_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"656_CR66","volume-title":"WISC-IV. Contributo alla taratura Italiana. [WISC-IV Italian Edition]","author":"A Orsini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Orsini A, Pezzuti L, Picone L (2011) WISC-IV. Contributo alla taratura Italiana. [WISC-IV Italian Edition]. Giunti, OS, Firenze"},{"key":"656_CR67","volume-title":"Batteria discalculia evolutiva","author":"A Biancardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biancardi A, Bachmann C, Nicoletti C (2016) Batteria discalculia evolutiva. Erikson, Trento ISBN: 9788859007784"},{"key":"656_CR68","unstructured":"Softbank robotics documentation. http:\/\/doc.aldebaran.com\/2-8\/home_nao.html. Accessed Mar 2020"},{"key":"656_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-019-00734-y","author":"N Caruana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caruana N, McArthur G (2019) The mind minds minds: the effect of intentional stance on the neural encoding of joint attention. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-019-00734-y","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR70","volume-title":"Scale psichiatriche di autosomministrazione per fanciulli e adolescenti [Self administrated psychiatric scales for children and adolescents] (SAFA)","author":"C Cianchetti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cianchetti C, Sannio Fascello G (2001) Scale psichiatriche di autosomministrazione per fanciulli e adolescenti [Self administrated psychiatric scales for children and adolescents] (SAFA). Giunti-OS, Firenze"},{"key":"656_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0784-7","volume":"26","author":"R Baiocco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baiocco R, Manzi D, Lonigro A, Petrocchi N, Laghi F, Ioverno S, Ottaviani C (2017) A kid-friendly tool to assess rumination in children and early adolescents: relationships with mother psychopathology and family functioning. J Child Fam Stud 26:2703\u20132715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-017-0784-7","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"656_CR72","volume-title":"KBIT-2. Kaufman brief intelligence test second edition. Contributo alla taratura italiana [Contribution to Italian standardization]","author":"P Bonifacci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonifacci P, Nori R (2016) KBIT-2. Kaufman brief intelligence test second edition. Contributo alla taratura italiana [Contribution to Italian standardization]. Giunti-OS, Firenze"},{"key":"656_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2004.03.004","volume":"76","author":"JP Niskanen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Niskanen JP, Tarvainen MP, Ranta-Aho PO, Karjalainen PA (2004) Software for advanced HRV analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 76:73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2004.03.004","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"656_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868","volume":"93","author":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology","year":"1996","unstructured":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology (1996) Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation 93:1043\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"656_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2001.00337.x","volume":"21","author":"J Penttila","year":"2001","unstructured":"Penttila J, Helminen A, Jartti T, Kuusela T, Huikuri HV, Tulppo MP, Coffeng R, Scheinin H (2001) Time domain, geometrical and frequency domain analysis of cardiac vagal outflow: effects of various respiratory patterns. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 21:365\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2001.00337.x","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"656_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1992.tb02052.x","volume":"29","author":"JR Jennings","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jennings JR, Kamarck T, Stewart C, Eddy M, Johnson P (1992) Alternate cardiovascular baseline assessment techniques: vanilla or resting baseline. Psychophysiology 29:742\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1992.tb02052.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"656_CR77","volume-title":"Biostatistics: the bare essentials","author":"GR Norman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Norman GR, Streiner DL (2008) Biostatistics: the bare essentials. PMPH USA, Raleigh"},{"key":"656_CR78","unstructured":"JASP Team (2019) JASP (Version 0.11.1) [Computer software]. https:\/\/jasp-stats.org\/. Accessed 15 Oct 2019"},{"key":"656_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000202","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000202","volume":"17","author":"M Postma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Postma M, Goedhart J (2019) PlotsOfData\u2014a web app for visualizing data together with their summaries. PLoS Biol 17:e3000202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000202","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"656_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-007-0198-3","volume":"9","author":"P Bonifacci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bonifacci P, Ricciardelli P, Lugli L, Pellicano A (2008) Emotional attention: effects of emotion and gaze direction on overt orienting of visual attention. Cogn Process 9:127\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10339-007-0198-3","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"656_CR81","volume-title":"Test MEMA. Test di valutazione di atteggiamento, credenze e sistema di controllo","author":"B Caponi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caponi B, Cornoldi C, Falco G, Focchiatti R, Lucangeli D (2012) Test MEMA. Test di valutazione di atteggiamento, credenze e sistema di controllo. Erickson, Trento"},{"key":"656_CR82","volume-title":"BIA\u2014batteria italiana per l\u2019ADHD per la valutazione dei bambini con deficit di attenzione\/iperattivit\u00e0","author":"GM Marzocchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marzocchi GM, Re A, Cornoldi C (2010) BIA\u2014batteria italiana per l\u2019ADHD per la valutazione dei bambini con deficit di attenzione\/iperattivit\u00e0. Erickson, Trento"},{"key":"656_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012544204986","volume":"25","author":"M Costa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Costa M, Dinsbach W, Manstead AS, Bitti PER (2001) Social presence, embarrassment, and nonverbal behavior. J Nonverbal Behav 25:225\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1012544204986","journal-title":"J Nonverbal Behav"},{"key":"656_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.03.027","volume":"27","author":"MW Mosconi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mosconi MW, Mack PB, McCarthy G, Pelphrey KA (2005) Taking an \u201cintentional stance\u201d on eye-gaze shifts: a functional neuroimaging study of social perception in children. Neuroimage 27:247\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.03.027","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"656_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3819","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3819","volume":"5","author":"N Caruana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caruana N, Spirou D, Brock J (2017) Human agency beliefs influence behaviour during virtual social interactions. PeerJ 5:e3819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.3819","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"656_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr025","volume":"7","author":"AP Saygin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saygin AP, Chaminade T, Ishiguro H, Driver J, Frith C (2012) The thing that should not be: predictive coding and the uncanny valley in perceiving human and humanoid robot actions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 7:413\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsr025","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mwangi E, Barakova EI, D\u00edaz M, Mallofr\u00e9 AC, Rauterberg M (2018) Dyadic gaze patterns during child\u2013robot collaborative gameplay in a tutoring interaction. In: 2018 27th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication (RO-MAN), pp 856\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525799","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525799"},{"key":"656_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-017-0460-5","volume":"10","author":"E Broadbent","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broadbent E, Feerst DA, Lee SH, Robinson H, Albo-Canals J, Ahn HS, MacDonald BA (2018) How could companion robots be useful in rural schools? Int J Soc Robot 10:295\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-017-0460-5","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"656_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat5954","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aat5954","volume":"3","author":"T Belpaeme","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belpaeme T, Kennedy J, Ramachandran A, Scassellati B, Tanaka F (2018) Social robots for education: a review. Sci Robot 3:eaat5954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aat5954","journal-title":"Sci Robot"},{"key":"656_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2010.09.004","volume":"23","author":"KD Sage","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sage KD, Baldwin D (2010) Social gating and pedagogy: mechanisms for learning and implications for robotics. Neural Netw 23:1091\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neunet.2010.09.004","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"656_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2016.1158611","volume":"27","author":"N Chernyak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chernyak N, Gary HE (2016) Children\u2019s cognitive and behavioral reactions to an autonomous versus controlled social robot dog. Early Educ Dev 27:1175\u20131189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10409289.2016.1158611","journal-title":"Early Educ Dev"},{"key":"656_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100427","volume":"62","author":"MM Chun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chun MM, Golomb JD, Turk-Browne NB (2011) A taxonomy of external and internal attention. Annu Rev Psychol 62:73\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100427","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"656_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s41252-018-0066-4","volume":"2","author":"L Desideri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desideri L, Negrini M, Malavasi M, Tanzini D, Rouame A, Cutrone MC et al (2018) Using a humanoid robot as a complement to interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study. Adv Neurodev Disord 2:273\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41252-018-0066-4","journal-title":"Adv Neurodev Disord"},{"key":"656_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12240","volume":"89","author":"L Desideri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Desideri L, Ottaviani C, Cecchetto C, Bonifacci P (2019) Mind wandering, together with test anxiety and self-efficacy, predicts student\u2019s academic self-concept but not reading comprehension skills. Brit J Educ Psychol 89:307\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjep.12240","journal-title":"Brit J Educ Psychol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-020-00656-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-020-00656-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-020-00656-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T11:18:52Z","timestamp":1626779932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-020-00656-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-020-00656-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}