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The game has been designed as a competition between the robot Pepper and a child. During the game, the robot simultaneously challenges and teaches the child how to recycle waste materials. To endow the robot with the capability to play as a game opponent in a real-world context, it is equipped with an image recognition module based on a Convolutional Neural Network to detect and classify the waste material as a child would do, i.e. by simply looking at it. A formal experiment involving 51 primary school students is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the game in terms of different factors such as the interaction with the robot, the users\u2019 cognitive and affective dimensions towards ecological sustainability, and the propensity to recycle. The obtained results are encouraging and draw promising scenarios for educational robotics in changing children\u2019s attitudes toward recycling. Indeed Pepper turns out to be positively evaluated by children as a trustful and believable companion and this allows children to be concentrated on the \u201cmemorization\u201d task during the game. Moreover, the use of real objects as waste items during the game turns out to be a successful approach not only for perceived learning effectiveness but also for the children\u2019s engagement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-021-00754-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T06:33:15Z","timestamp":1613716395000},"page":"97-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["PeppeRecycle: Improving Children\u2019s Attitude Toward Recycling by Playing with a Social Robot"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Castellano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berardina","family":"De\u00a0Carolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"D\u2019Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Macchiarulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Rossano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"754_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/mti1030014","volume":"1","author":"M Ahmad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmad M, Mubin O, Orlando J (2017) A systematic review of adaptivity in human-robot interaction. 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