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This study tested the potential advantage of a social robot over a tablet in (second) language learning on performance, engagement, and enjoyment. Shortages in primary education call for new technology solutions. Previous studies combined robots with tablets, to compensate for robot\u2019s limitations, however, this study applied direct human\u2013robot interaction. Primary school children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200963, aged 4\u20136) participated in a 3-wave field experiment with story-telling exercises, either with a semi-autonomous robot (without tablet, using WOz) or a tablet. Results showed increased learning gains over time when training with a social robot, compared to the tablet. Children who trained with a robot were more engaged in the story-telling task and enjoyed it more. Robot\u2019s behavioral style (social or neutral) hardly differed overall, however, seems to vary for high versus low educational abilities. While social robots need sophistication before being implemented in schools, our study shows the potential of social robots as tutors in (second) language learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-021-00824-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T08:07:59Z","timestamp":1633939679000},"page":"827-843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Social Robots for (Second) Language Learning in (Migrant) Primary School Children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6134-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elly A.","family":"Konijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brechtje","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mondaca Bustos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle L. 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