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Previous studies have almost exclusively assessed attitudes using self-report measures (i.e., questionnaires). In the present study, we sought to expand our knowledge on the influence of cultural background on explicit\n                    <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic>\n                    implicit attitudes towards robots and avatars. Using the Negative Attitudes Towards Robots Scale and the Implicit Association Test in a Japanese and Dutch sample, we investigated the effect of culture and robots\u2019 body types on explicit\n                    <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic>\n                    implicit attitudes across two experiments (total\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009669). Partly overlapping with our hypothesis, we found that Japanese individuals had a more positive explicit attitude towards robots compared to Dutch individuals, but no evidence of such a difference was found at the implicit level. As predicted, the implicit preference towards humans was moderate in both cultural groups, but in contrast to what we expected, neither culture nor robot embodiment influenced this preference. These results suggest that only at the explicit but not implicit level, cultural differences appear in attitudes towards robots.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-022-00917-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T07:03:52Z","timestamp":1664348632000},"page":"1439-1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Cross-Cultural Comparison on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Artificial Agents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5999-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola","family":"Diana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misako","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Saccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud","family":"Hortensius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariska E.","family":"Kret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"917_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2013.07.007","volume":"61","author":"MMA De Graaf","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Graaf MMA, Ben Allouch S (2013) Exploring influencing variables for the acceptance of social robots. 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