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The machine-like appearance of robots, as well as contextual information, may influence people\u2019s ability to anticipate the behaviour of robots. We conducted six separate experiments to investigate how spatial cues and task instructions modulate people\u2019s ability to understand what a robot is doing. Participants observed goal-directed and non-goal directed gaze shifts made by human and robot agents, as well as directional cues displayed by a triangle. We report that biasing an observer's attention, by showing just one object an agent can interact with, can improve people\u2019s ability to understand what humanoid robots will do. Crucially, this cue had no impact on people\u2019s ability to predict the upcoming behaviour of the triangle. Moreover, task instructions that focus on the visual and motor consequences of the observed gaze were found to influence mentalising abilities. We suggest that the human-like shape of an agent and its physical capabilities facilitate the prediction of an upcoming action. The reported findings expand current models of gaze perception and may have important implications for human\u2013human and human\u2013robot collaboration.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-022-00962-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T15:25:48Z","timestamp":1674573948000},"page":"1365-1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Body Form Modulates the Prediction of Human and Artificial Behaviour from Gaze Observation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Scandola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily S.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9676-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Caruana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9079-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuele","family":"Tidoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"962_CR1","unstructured":"Baron-cohen S, Baron-cohen S, Centre AR, Centre AR (2005) The empathizing system: a revision of the 1994 model of the mindreading system. 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