{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:42:07Z","timestamp":1782902527729,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interreg 2 Seas Mers Zee\u00ebn AGE\u2019In","award":["2S05-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2S05-014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Artificial intelligence and robotic solutions are seeing rapid development for use across multiple occupations and sectors, including health and social care. As robots grow more prominent in our work and home environments, whether people would favour them in receiving useful advice becomes a pressing question. In the context of human\u2013robot interaction (HRI), little is known about people\u2019s advice-taking behaviour and trust in the advice of robots. To this aim, we conducted an experimental study with older adults to measure their trust and compliance with robot-based advice in health-related situations. In our experiment, older adults were instructed by a fictional human dispenser to ask a humanoid robot for advice on certain vitamins and over-the-counter supplements supplied by the dispenser. In the first experimented condition, the robot would give only <jats:italic>information-type advice<\/jats:italic>, i.e., neutral informative advice on the supplements given by the human. In the second condition, the robot would give <jats:italic>recommendation-type advice<\/jats:italic>, i.e., advice in favour of more supplements than those suggested initially by the human. We measured the trust of the participants in the type of robot-based advice, anticipating that they would be more trusting of information-type advice. Moreover, we measured the compliance with the advice, for participants who received robot-based recommendations, and a closer proxy of the actual use of robot health advisers in home environments or facilities in the foreseeable future. Our findings indicated that older adults continued to trust the robot regardless of the type of advice received, highlighting a type of protective role of robot-based recommendations on their trust. We also found that higher trust in the robot resulted in higher compliance with its advice. The results underpinned the likeliness of older adults welcoming a robot at their homes or health facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-023-01019-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T05:01:45Z","timestamp":1686200505000},"page":"883-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["I am Robot, Your Health Adviser for Older Adults: Do You Trust My Advice?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9583-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniello","family":"Minutolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4398-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Tirotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oksana","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5410-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Gianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7850-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Palomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6734-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni L.","family":"Masala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018815","volume":"8","author":"J Abdi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdi J, Al-Hindawi A, Ng T, Vizcaychipi MP (2018) Scoping review on the use of socially assistive robot technology in elderly care. BMJ Open 8(2):e018815","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s43154-020-00035-0","volume":"2","author":"A Henschel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henschel A, Laban G, Cross ES (2021) What makes a robot social? a review of social robots from science fiction to a home or hospital near you. Curr Robot Reports 2(1):9\u201319","journal-title":"Curr Robot Reports"},{"key":"1019_CR3","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, P.D. World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, P.D.: New York, NY, USA, 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/World-Population-Prospects-2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/07370024.2017.1312406","volume":"34","author":"MM de Graaf","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Graaf MM, Ben Allouch S, Van Dijk JA (2019) Why would I use this in my home? A model of domestic social robot acceptance. Hum Comput Interact 34(2):115\u2013173","journal-title":"Hum Comput Interact"},{"key":"1019_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.026","volume":"86","author":"N Pi\u00e7arra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pi\u00e7arra N, Giger JC (2018) Predicting intention to work with social robots at anticipation stage: Assessing the role of behavioral desire and anticipated emotions. Comput Hum Behav 86:129\u2013146","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics9020039","volume":"9","author":"S Rossi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rossi S, Conti D, Garramone F, Santangelo G, Staffa M, Varrasi S, Di Nuovo A (2020) The role of personality factors and empathy in the acceptance and performance of a social robot for psychometric evaluations. Robotics 9(2):39","journal-title":"Robotics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1019_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650209346803","volume":"36","author":"LM Van Swol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Swol LM (2009) The Effects of Confidence and Advisor Motives on Advice Utilization. Commun Res 36(6):857\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093650209346803","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2006.07.001","volume":"101","author":"S Bonaccio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonaccio S, Dalal RS (2006) Advice Taking and Decision-Making: An Integrative Literature Review, and Implications for the Organizational Sciences. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 101(2):127\u2013151","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2010.03.002","volume":"27","author":"LM Van Swol","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Swol LM (2011) Forecasting Another\u2019s Enjoyment versus Giving the Right Answer: Trust, Shared Values, Task Effects, and Confidence in Improving the Acceptance of Advice. Int J Forecast 27(1):103\u2013120","journal-title":"Int J Forecast"},{"issue":"3","key":"1019_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1998.926617","volume":"23","author":"DM Rousseau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rousseau DM, Sitkin SB, Burt RS, Camerer C (1998) Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Acad Manag Rev 23(3):393\u2013404","journal-title":"Acad Manag Rev"},{"key":"1019_CR11","first-page":"941","volume-title":"\u201cThe Effects of Personalization and Familiarity on Trust and Adoption of Recommendation Agents\u201d, MIS Quarterly (30:4)","author":"SYX Komiak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Komiak SYX, Benbasat I (2006) \u201cThe Effects of Personalization and Familiarity on Trust and Adoption of Recommendation Agents\u201d, MIS Quarterly (30:4). University of Minnesota, Management Information Systems Research Center, pp 941\u2013960"},{"key":"1019_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., and Schoorman, F. D. 1995. \u201cAn Integrative Model of Organizational Trust,\u201d The Academy of Management Review (20:3), p. 709.","DOI":"10.2307\/258792"},{"key":"1019_CR13","unstructured":"Kim, H., Benbasat, I., and Cavusoglu, H. 2017. \u201cOnline Consumers\u2019 Attribution of Inconsistency Between Advice Sources,\u201d in Thirty Eighth International Conference on Information Systems, Seoul, pp. 1\u201310."},{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500003922","volume":"10","author":"T Schultze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schultze T, Rakotoarisoa A-F, Schulz-Hardt S (2015) Effects of Distance between Initial Estimates and Advice on Advice Utilization. Judgm Decis Mak 10(2):144\u2013171","journal-title":"Judgm Decis Mak"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2009.11.007","volume":"112","author":"RS Dalal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dalal RS, Bonaccio S (2010) What types of advice do decision-makers prefer? Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 112(1):11\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.obhdp.2009.11.007","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.539","volume":"20","author":"F Gino","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gino F, Moore DA (2007) Effects of task difficulty on use of advice. J Behav Decis Mak 20(1):21\u201335","journal-title":"J Behav Decis Mak"},{"key":"1019_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthes, G. 2017. \u201cArtificial Intelligence Poised to Ride a New Wave,\u201d Communications of the ACM (60:7), ACM, pp. 19\u201321.","DOI":"10.1145\/3088342"},{"key":"1019_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodhue, D. L. 1995. \u201cUnderstanding User Evaluations of Information Systems,\u201d Management Science (41:12), INFORMS , pp. 1827\u20131844.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.41.12.1827"},{"key":"1019_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodhue, D. L., and Thompson, R. L. 1995. \u201cTask-Technology Fit and Individual Performance,\u201d MIS Quarterly (19:2), p. 213.","DOI":"10.2307\/249689"},{"key":"1019_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4018\/jdtis.2010100104","volume":"1","author":"C Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu C (2010) Human-machine trust interaction: A technical overview. International Journal of Dependable and Trustworthy Information Systems 1:61\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jdtis.2010100104","journal-title":"International Journal of Dependable and Trustworthy Information Systems"},{"key":"1019_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139608964474","volume":"39","author":"BM Muir","year":"1996","unstructured":"Muir BM, Moray N (1996) Trust in automation: Part II. Experimental studies of trust and human intervention in a process control simulation. Ergonomics 39:429\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139608964474","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"1019_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220500337708","volume":"8","author":"P Madhavan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Madhavan P, Wiegmann DA (2007) Similarities and differences between human-human and human-automation trust: An integrative review. Theor Issues Ergon Sci 8:277\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14639220500337708","journal-title":"Theor Issues Ergon Sci"},{"key":"1019_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931213601046","volume":"60","author":"MA Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith MA, Allaham MM, Wiese E (2016) Trust in automated agents is modulated by the combined influence of agent and task type. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60:206\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1541931213601046","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting"},{"key":"1019_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goetz, J., Kiesler, S., & Powers, A. 2003. Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation. In H. F. M. Vander Loos & K. Yana (Eds.), Proceedings of RO-MAN 2003: The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (Vol. 19, pp. 55\u201360). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2003.1251796"},{"issue":"9","key":"1019_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2012.691554","volume":"55","author":"R Pak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pak R, Fink N, Price M, Bass B, Sturre L (2012) Decision support aids with anthropomorphic characteristics influence trust and performance in younger and older adults. Ergonomics 55(9):1059\u20131072","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1019_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000092","volume":"22","author":"EJ De Visser","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Visser EJ, Monfort SS, McKendrick R, Smith MA, McKnight PE, Krueger F, Parasuraman R (2016) Almost human: Anthropomorphism increases trust resilience in cognitive agents. J Exp Psychol Appl 22(3):331","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Appl"},{"key":"1019_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.06.007","volume":"125","author":"K Gray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gray K, Wegner DM (2012) Feeling robots and human zombies: Mind perception and the uncanny valley. Cognition 125:125\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.06.007","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"1019_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2010.08.002","volume":"68","author":"YJ Koh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koh YJ, Sundar SS (2010) Effects of specialization in computer, web sites, and web agents on e-commerce trust. Int J Hum Comput Stud 68:899\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2010.08.002","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Stud"},{"key":"1019_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaefer, K. E., Billings, D. R., Szalma, J. L., Adams, J. K., Sanders, T. L., Chen, J. Y. C., & Hancock, P. A. 2014. A meta-analysis of factors influencing the development of trust in automation: Implications for human-robot interaction (Report No. ARL-TR-6984). Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Research Laboratory.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA607926"},{"key":"1019_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heerink, M., Krose, B., Evers, V. and Wielinga, B., 2007, June. Observing conversational expressiveness of elderly users interacting with a robot and screen agent. In 2007 IEEE 10th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (pp. 751\u2013756). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2007.4428509"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2017.1350938","volume":"30","author":"EI Barakova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barakova EI, De Haas M, Kuijpers W, Irigoyen N, Betancourt A (2018) Socially grounded game strategy enhances bonding and perceived smartness of a humanoid robot. Connect Sci 30(1):81\u201398","journal-title":"Connect Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1019_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000205","volume":"25","author":"N Hertz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hertz N, Wiese E (2019) Good advice is beyond all price, but what if it comes from a machine? J Exp Psychol Appl 25(3):386","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Appl"},{"key":"1019_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00611-1","volume":"12","author":"AS Ghazali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghazali AS, Ham J, Barakova E, Markopoulos P (2020) Persuasive robots acceptance model (PRAM): roles of social responses within the acceptance model of persuasive robots. Int J Soc Robot 12:1075\u20131092","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1019_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babel, F., Kraus, J., Miller, L., Kraus, M., Wagner, N., Minker, W. and Baumann, M., 2021. Small talk with a robot? The impact of dialog content, talk initiative, and gaze behavior of a social robot on trust, acceptance, and proximity. International Journal of Social Robotics, pp.1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00730-0"},{"key":"1019_CR35","unstructured":"Tauchert, C. and Mesbah, N., 2019, December. Following the Robot? Investigating Users' Utilization of Advice from Robo-Advisors. In ICIS."},{"issue":"9","key":"1019_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2015.0428","volume":"18","author":"MA Al-Taee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Taee MA, Kapoor R, Garrett C, Choudhary P (2016) Acceptability of robot assistant in management of type 1 diabetes in children. Diabetes Technol Ther 18(9):551\u2013554","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"1019_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.05.016","volume":"87","author":"AS Ghazali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghazali AS, Ham J, Barakova E, Markopoulos P (2018) The influence of social cues in persuasive social robots on psychological reactance and compliance. Comput Hum Behav 87:58\u201365","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"1019_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1075\/is.00010.lan","volume":"22","author":"RM Langedijk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Langedijk RM, Ham J (2021) More than advice: The influence of adding references to prior discourse and signals of empathy on the persuasiveness of an advice-giving robot. Interact Stud 22(3):396\u2013415","journal-title":"Interact Stud"},{"key":"1019_CR39","unstructured":"Ritschel, H., Janowski, K., Seiderer, A. and Andr\u00e9, E., 2019. Towards a robotic dietitian with adaptive linguistic style."},{"issue":"7","key":"1019_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.3390\/su14074006","volume":"14","author":"X Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren X, Guo Z, Huang A, Li Y, Xu X, Zhang X (2022) Effects of social robotics in promoting physical activity in the shared workspace. Sustainability 14(7):4006","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.2.1.McColl","volume":"2","author":"D McColl","year":"2013","unstructured":"McColl D, Nejat G (2013) Meal-time with a socially assistive robot and older adults at a long-term care facility. Journal of Human-Robot Interaction 2(1):152\u2013171","journal-title":"Journal of Human-Robot Interaction"},{"key":"1019_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law, T. and Scheutz, M., 2021. Trust: Recent concepts and evaluations in human-robot interaction. Trust in human-robot interaction, pp.27\u201357.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819472-0.00002-2"},{"key":"1019_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104316","volume":"192","author":"O Bargain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bargain O, Aminjonov U (2020) Trust and compliance to public health policies in times of COVID-19. J Public Econ 192:104316","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1019_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816682648","volume":"59","author":"ET Chancey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chancey ET, Bliss JP, Yamani Y, Handley HAH (2017) Trust and the Compliance-Reliance Paradigm: The Effects of Risk, Error Bias, and Reliability on Trust and Dependence. Hum Factors 59(3):333\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720816682648","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"1019_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roesler, E., Naendrup-Poell, L., Manzey, D., & Onnasch, L. (2022). Why context matters: the influence of application domain on preferred degree of anthropomorphism and gender attribution in human\u2013robot interaction. International Journal of Social Robotics, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-021-00860-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-021-00860-z"},{"key":"1019_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92084","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3202942","volume":"10","author":"I Giorgi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giorgi I, Tirotto FA, Hagen O, Aider F, Gianni M, Palomino M, Masala GL (2022) Friendly But Faulty: A Pilot Study on the Perceived Trust of Older Adults in a Social Robot. IEEE Access 10:92084\u201392096","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"8","key":"1019_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2021.1982529","volume":"40","author":"J Ahn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahn J, Kim J, Sung Y (2021) AI-powered recommendations: the roles of perceived similarity and psychological distance on persuasion. Int J Advert 40(8):1366\u20131384","journal-title":"Int J Advert"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.1.48","volume":"37","author":"MH Birnbaum","year":"1979","unstructured":"Birnbaum MH, Stegner SE (1979) Source credibility in social judgment: Bias, expertise, and the judge\u2019s point of view. J Pers Soc Psychol 37(1):48","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1019_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.55.4.541","volume":"55","author":"KG DeBono","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeBono KG, Harnish RJ (1988) Source expertise, source attractiveness, and the processing of persuasive information: A functional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol 55(4):541","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02894421","volume":"21","author":"EJ Wilson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilson EJ, Sherrell DL (1993) Source effects in communication and persuasion research: A meta-analysis of effect size. J Acad Mark Sci 21(2):101\u2013112","journal-title":"J Acad Mark Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1019_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/009365000027006001","volume":"27","author":"SS Sundar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sundar SS, Nass C (2000) Source orientation in human-computer interaction: Programmer, networker, or independent social actor. Commun Res 27(6):683\u2013703","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1019_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1177\/009365096023006002","volume":"23","author":"Y Moon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moon Y, Nass C (1996) How \u201creal\u201d are computer personalities? Psychological responses to personality types in human-computer interaction. Commun Res 23(6):651\u2013674","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1019_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1996.0073","volume":"45","author":"C Nass","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nass C, Fogg BJ, Moon Y (1996) Can computers be teammates? Int J Hum Comput Stud 45(6):669\u2013678","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02599.x","volume":"4","author":"L Bickman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bickman L (1974) The social power of a uniform 1. J Appl Soc Psychol 4(1):47\u201361","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1019_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2010.10.008","volume":"40","author":"A Furnham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furnham A, Boo HC (2011) A literature review of the anchoring effect. J Socio-Econ 40(1):35\u201342","journal-title":"J Socio-Econ"},{"key":"1019_CR56","unstructured":"NAO the humanoid and programmable robot, Aldebaran Robotics, retrieved from https:\/\/www.aldebaran.com\/en\/nao. Last accessed October 2022."},{"key":"1019_CR57","first-page":"8","volume":"I","author":"A Amirova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amirova A, Rakhymbayeva N, Yadollahi E, Sandygulova A, Johal W (2021) 10 years of human-NAO interaction research: a scoping review. Front Robot A I:8","journal-title":"Front Robot A"},{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0220-0","volume":"6","author":"CA Smarr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smarr CA, Mitzner TL, Beer JM, Prakash A, Chen TL, Kemp CC, Rogers WA (2014) Domestic robots for older adults: attitudes, preferences, and potential. Int J Soc Robot 6(2):229\u2013247","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1019_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redmon J, Divvala S, Girshick R, Farhadi A (2016) You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 779\u2013788.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.91"},{"issue":"2","key":"1019_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1145\/3166054.3166058","volume":"19","author":"H Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen H, Liu X, Yin D, Tang J (2017) A survey on dialogue systems: recent advances and new frontiers. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsl 19(2):25\u201335","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsl"},{"key":"1019_CR61","unstructured":"Devlin J, Chang MW, Lee K, Toutanova K (2018) Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805."},{"key":"1019_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.105004","volume":"141","author":"A Minutolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minutolo A, Damiano E, De Pietro G, Fujita H, Esposito M (2022) A conversational agent for querying Italian Patient Information Leaflets and improving health literacy. Comput Biol Med 141:105004","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1019_CR63","unstructured":"Vlasov V, Mosig JE, Nichol A (2019) Dialogue transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.00486."},{"issue":"3","key":"1019_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","volume":"68","author":"DJ Barr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barr DJ, Levy R, Scheepers C, Tily HJ (2013) Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. J Mem Lang 68(3):255\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","journal-title":"J Mem Lang"},{"issue":"7","key":"1019_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20245","volume":"49","author":"PE Wainwright","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wainwright PE, Leatherdale ST, Dubin JA (2007) Advantages of mixed effects models over traditional ANOVA models in developmental studies: a worked example in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome. Dev Psychobiol J Int Soc Dev Psychobiol 49(7):664\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.20245","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol J Int Soc Dev Psychobiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1019_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13434","volume":"11","author":"H Schielzeth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schielzeth H, Dingemanse NJ, Nakagawa S, Westneat DF, Allegue H, Teplitsky C, Reale D, Dochtermann NA, Garamszegi LZ, Araya-Ajoy YG (2020) Robustness of linear mixed-effects models to violations of distributional assumptions. Methods Ecol Evol 11(9):1141\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.13434","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1019_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00362-014-0617-3","volume":"56","author":"S Kherad-Pajouh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kherad-Pajouh S, Renaud O (2015) A general permutation approach for analyzing repeated measures ANOVA and mixed-model designs. Stat Pap 56(4):947\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00362-014-0617-3","journal-title":"Stat Pap"},{"key":"1019_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frossard J, Renaud O (2021) Permutation tests for regression, ANOVA, and comparison of signals: the permuco package. J Stat Softw 99:1\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v099.i15","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v099.i15"},{"key":"1019_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2014) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.5823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"1019_CR70","unstructured":"Lenth R. 2022. _emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means_. R package version 1.7.5. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=emmeans."},{"key":"1019_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1518\/0018720054679489","volume":"47","author":"P Madhavan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Madhavan P, Wiegmann DA (2005) Cognitive anchoring on self-generated decisions reduces operator reliance on automated diagnostic aids. Hum Factors 47:332\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/0018720054679489","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"1019_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrlinger J, Johnson K, Banner M, Dunning D, Kruger J (2008) Why the unskilled are unaware: further explorations of (Absent) self-insight among the incompetent. Organizational Behav Human Dec Process (105:1), NIH Public Access, pp 98\u2013121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2007.05.002"},{"key":"1019_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811417254","volume":"53","author":"PA Hancock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hancock PA, Billings DR, Schaefer KE, Chen JYC, de Visser EJ, Parasuraman R (2011) A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction. Hum Factors 53:517\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720811417254","journal-title":"Hum Factors"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01019-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01019-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01019-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T15:41:19Z","timestamp":1748446879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01019-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01019-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to disclose. The contents of the manuscript have been unanimously agreed by all co-authors. We certify that the submission is original work and not submitted for consideration elsewhere.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study involved human subjects in its research. Written consent was taken from all participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Faculty Research Ethics and Integrity Committee of the University of Plymouth (Project ID 3162; date of approval; 30 August 2021).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}