{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:41:50Z","timestamp":1778798510042,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-023-01030-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T13:01:35Z","timestamp":1696510895000},"page":"125-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Study of Objective Evaluation Indicator Based on Robot Activity Logs for Owner Attachment to Companion Robot"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3431-0405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Takada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Ichino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaname","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1030_CR1","unstructured":"Katcher AH, Friedmann E, Beck AM, Lynch JJ (1983) Looking, talking, and blood pressure: the physiological consequences of interaction with the living environment. In: New perspectives on our lives with companion animals, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, pp 351\u2013359"},{"issue":"5","key":"1030_CR2","first-page":"727","volume":"64","author":"K Allen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Allen K, Blascovich J, Mendes WB (2002) Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: the truth about cats and dogs. Psychosom Med 64(5):727\u2013739","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1030_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027583005003007","volume":"5","author":"MG Ory","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ory MG, Goldberg EL (1983) Pet possession and well-being in elderly women. Res Aging 5(3):389\u2013409","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"key":"1030_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2752\/089279390787057829","volume":"3","author":"TF Garrity","year":"1989","unstructured":"Garrity TF, Stallones LF, Marx MB, Johnson TP (1989) Pet ownership and attachment as supportive factors in the health of the elderly. Anthrozoos 3:35\u201344","journal-title":"Anthrozoos"},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2015.1075299","volume":"29","author":"P Martens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martens P, Enders-Slegers MJ, Walker JK (2016) The emotional lives of companion animals: attachment and subjective claims by owners of cats and dogs. Anthrozo\u00f6s 29(1):73\u201388","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190781","volume":"13","author":"B Su","year":"2018","unstructured":"Su B, Koda N, Martens P (2018) How Japanese companion dog and cat owners\u2019 degree of attachment relates to the attribution of emotions to their animals. PLoS ONE 13(1):e0190781","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1030_CR7","unstructured":"Beck A (1983) Animals in the City, New Perspectives on Our Lives with Companion Animals, pp 237\u2013243"},{"key":"1030_CR8","unstructured":"public opinion survey on animal protection: Cabinet Office homepage(in Japanese) https:\/\/survey.gov-online.go.jp\/h22\/h22-doubutu\/index.html Accessed 20 Jan 2022"},{"key":"1030_CR9","unstructured":"Paro: http:\/\/www.parorobots.com\/ Accessed 20 Jan 2022"},{"key":"1030_CR10","unstructured":"JfA: https:\/\/joyforall.com\/ Accessed 20 Jan 2022"},{"key":"1030_CR11","unstructured":"AIBO: https:\/\/aibo.sony.jp\/ Accessed 20 Jan 2022"},{"key":"1030_CR12","unstructured":"PLEO: https:\/\/www.pleoworld.com\/pleo_rb\/eng\/index.php Accessed 20 Jan 2022"},{"key":"1030_CR13","unstructured":"LOVOT: https:\/\/lovot.life\/en\/ Accessed 20 Jan 2022"},{"key":"1030_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-018-0818-8","volume":"34","author":"C Kert\u00e9sz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kert\u00e9sz C, Turunen M (2019) Exploratory analysis of Sony AIBO users. AI Soc 34:625\u2013638","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"key":"1030_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostrowski AK, Breazeal C, Park HW (2022) Mixed-method long-term robot usage: older adults\u2019 lived experience of social robots. In: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction, IEEE Press, pp 33\u201342","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889488"},{"key":"1030_CR16","unstructured":"Ylva F, Maria H, Mattias J, Sara L (2010) How do you play with a robotic toy animal?: a long-term study of Pleo. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on interaction design and children, pp 39\u201348"},{"key":"1030_CR17","unstructured":"Smith SL (1983) Interactions between pet dog and family members: an ethological study, New Perspectives on Our Lives with Companion Animals, pp 29\u201336"},{"issue":"6232","key":"1030_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261022","volume":"348","author":"M Nagasawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagasawa M, Mitsui S, En S, Ohtani N, Ohta M, Sakuma Y, Onaka T, Mogi K, Kikusui T (2015) Social evolution. Oxytocin-gaze positive loop and the coevolution of human-dog bonds. Science 348(6232):333\u2013336","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1030_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261022","volume":"348","author":"M Nagasawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagasawa M, Mitsui S, En S, Ohtani N, Ohta M, Sakuma Y, Onaka T, Mogi K, Kikusui T (2015) Oxytocin-gaze positive loop and the coevolution of human-dog bonds. Science 348:333\u2013336","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1030_CR20","unstructured":"Chatchalita A, Hiroyuki U (2021) Personal Space violation by a robot: an application of expectation violation theory in human-robot interaction. In: IEEE international conference on robot & human interactive communication (RO-MAN), pp 1181\u20131188"},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-018-0495-2","volume":"11","author":"EB Alexis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alexis EB, Katherine JK (2019) Softness, warmth, and responsiveness improve robot hugs. Int J Soc Robot 11(1):49\u201364","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1030_CR22","unstructured":"Ja YS, Henrik IC, Rebecca EG (2009) Robots in the wild: understanding long-term use. In: 4th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction (HRI), pp. 45\u201352"},{"key":"1030_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1075\/is.17.3.08deg","volume":"17","author":"MM De Graaf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graff M, Allouch SB, van Dijk JA (2016) Long-term evaluation of a social robot in real homes. Interact Stud 17:462\u2013491","journal-title":"Interact Stud"},{"key":"1030_CR24","unstructured":"Graaf M, Allouch SB, Dijk J (2017) Why do they refuse to use my robot? Reasons for non-use derived from a long-term home study. In: 2017 ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction, (HRI), pp 224\u2013233"},{"issue":"11","key":"1030_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2004.835364","volume":"92","author":"M Fujita","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujita M (2004) On activating human communications with pet-type robot AIBO. Proc IEEE 92(11):1804\u20131813","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"1030_CR26","volume-title":"Assessing the human-animal bond: a compendium of actual measures","author":"DC Anderson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anderson DC (2007) Assessing the human-animal bond: a compendium of actual measures. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette"},{"key":"1030_CR27","unstructured":"Angle RL (1994) Utilization of the Pet Bonding Scale to examine the relation between the human\/companion animal bond and selfesteem in pre-adolescence, University of Houston, unpublished Ph.D"},{"key":"1030_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0178-y","volume":"5","author":"I Leite","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leite I, Martinho C, Paiva A (2013) Social robots for long-term interaction: a survey. Int J Soc Robot 5:291\u2013308","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1030_CR29","volume-title":"The illusion of life: disney animation","author":"O Johnston","year":"1981","unstructured":"Johnston O, Thomas F (1981) The illusion of life: disney animation. Abbeville Press, New York"},{"key":"1030_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshida N, Yonemura S, Emoto M, Kawai K, Numaguchi N, Nakazato H, Otsubo S, Takada M, Hayashi K (2021) Production of character animation in a home robot: a case study of LOVOT. Int J Soc Robot 14:39\u201354","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-021-00746-0"},{"key":"1030_CR31","unstructured":"LOVOT webstore: https:\/\/store.lovot.life\/ Accessed 20 Jan 2022"},{"key":"1030_CR32","unstructured":"LOVOT privacy policy: https:\/\/lovot.life\/app\/privacy\/ (in Japanese) Accessed 25 May 2023"},{"key":"1030_CR33","unstructured":"LOVOT application: https:\/\/help.lovot.life\/welcome\/lv100\/app-download\/ (in Japanese) Accessed 25 May 2023"},{"key":"1030_CR34","first-page":"231","volume-title":"SPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. 11.0 update","author":"D George","year":"2003","unstructured":"George D, Mallery P (2003) SPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. 11.0 update, 4th edn. Allyn & Bacon, Boston, p 231","edition":"4"},{"key":"1030_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","volume":"48","author":"Y Kanda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanda Y (2013) Investigation of the freely-available easy-to-use software \u201cEZR\u201d (Easy R) for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant 48:452\u2013458","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"1030_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864","volume":"126","author":"P Schober","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA (2018) Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg 126(5):1763\u20131768","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1030_CR37","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ","edition":"2"},{"key":"1030_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bennett CC, Stanojevic C, Kim S, Sabanovic S, Lee J, Piatt JA, Yu J, Oh J (2022) Comparison of in-home robotic companion pet use in South Korea and the United States: A case study. In: 9th IEEE international conference on biomedical robotics & biomechatronics, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/BioRob52689.2022.9925468"},{"issue":"21","key":"1030_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10136","DOI":"10.3390\/app112110136","volume":"11","author":"A Maris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maris A, Nancy Z, Sanja D, Matthew S, Alan W, Praminda C (2021) A new perspective on robot ethics through investigating human-robot interactions with older adults. Appl Sci 11(21):10136","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1030_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X16001537","volume":"38","author":"C Wilson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson C (2018) Is it love or loneliness? Exploring the impact of everyday digital technology use on the wellbeing of older adult. Ageing Soc 38(7):1307\u20131331","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"key":"1030_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015) World Report on Ageing and Health, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"1030_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2010.940150","volume":"18","author":"D Feil-Seifer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feil-Seifer D, Mataric MJ (2011) socially assistive robotics-ethical issues related to technology. IEEE Robot Autom 18:24\u201331","journal-title":"IEEE Robot Autom"},{"key":"1030_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-014-9338-5","volume":"16","author":"A Sharkey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharkey A (2014) Robots and human dignity: a consideration of the effects of robot care on the dignity of older people. Ethics Inf Technol 16:63\u201375","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"1030_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-010-9234-6","volume":"14","author":"A Sharkey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharkey A, Sharkey N (2012) Granny and the robots: ethical issues in robot care for the elderly. Ethics Inf Technol 14:27\u201340","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"1030_CR45","volume-title":"Loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection","author":"JT Cacioppo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Patrick W (2008) Loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection. WW Norton & Company, New York"},{"key":"1030_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syrdal DS, Dautenhahn K, Woods S, Walters ML, Koay KL (2006) Doing the right thing wrong\u2019 Personality and tolerance to uncomfortable robot approaches. In: Proceedings of 15th IEEE international workshop on robot and human interactive communication, pp 183\u2013188","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2006.314415"},{"key":"1030_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walters ML, Dautenhahn K, Boekhorst RT, Koay KL, Kaouri C, Woods S, Nehanive C, Lee D, Werry I (2005) The influence of subjects\u2019 personality traits on personal spatial zones in a human-robot interaction experiment. In: Proceedings of 14th IEEE international workshop on robot and human interactive communication, pp 347\u2013352","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2005.1513803"},{"key":"1030_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gockley R, Matari\u00fc MJ (2006) Encouraging physical therapy compliance with a hands off mobile robot. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI\/SIGART conference on Human-robot interaction, pp 150\u2013155","DOI":"10.1145\/1121241.1121268"},{"key":"1030_CR49","unstructured":"Syrdal D, Walters M, Otero N, Kaoy N, Dautenhahn K (2007) \u201cHe Knows When You Are Sleeping\u201d\u2014Privacy and the Personal Robot Companion. In: Proceedings of workshop human implications of human-robot interaction, association for the advancement of artificial intelligence"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01030-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01030-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01030-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T15:30:56Z","timestamp":1706542256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01030-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01030-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Megumi Takada is an employee of GROOVE X. Kaname Hayashi is the founder of GROOVE X.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study has not undergone ethics review as it is deemed not to require review in accordance with the ethics regulations of the Tokyo City University Ethics Review Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}