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We hypothesized that this genericity bias, already present in infants, may be a feature of human communication and, thus, present at all ages. We further questioned the effects of robotic ostensive cues. To explore these possibilities, we presented object-directed emotions in communicative and non-communicative contexts under two conditions: adult participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009193) were split into those who underwent the human-demonstrator condition and those who underwent the robot-demonstrator condition, i.e., a human actor or a robot displayed object-directed emotions, respectively. Questionnaires further assessed the participants\u2019 attachment style and mentalization ability. The results showed that (1) Natural Pedagogy Theory applies to humans across the lifespan; (2) Shared knowledge depends on the contexts (communicative vs. non-communicative) and who is sharing the information (human or robot); and (3) robotic ostensive cues trigger participants\u2019 attention, conversely, in their absence, participants do not turn the robot into a communicative partner by not assigning it a communicative intention due to a difficulty in reading the robot\u2019s mind. Taken together, our findings indicate that robotic ostensive cues may ease the human-robot interaction (HRI), which is also biased by the human attachment style. The study has been preregistered in Open Science Framework, OSF on September 9, 2021 (Registration DOI <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/9TWY8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/9TWY8<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-023-01034-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T14:02:11Z","timestamp":1692021731000},"page":"59-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Shared Knowledge in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3402-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Miraglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3962-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Di Dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7353-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Manzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9546-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4709-2243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Cangelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-2002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Itakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0805-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4511-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0229-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Fonagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9985-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00311","volume":"72","author":"LJ Moses","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moses LJ, Baldwin DA, Rosicky JG, Tidball G (2001) Evidence for Referential understanding in the Emotions Domain at twelve and eighteen months. 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