{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:10:44Z","timestamp":1773270644961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With interest growing in social robots for older people, it is crucial to consider how robots can be designed to support wellbeing and ethical values in residential aged care. By applying Tronto\u2019s ethics of care framework and the Care Centred Value-Sensitive Design methodology to existing literature, this paper investigates how caring values are expressed, achieved, or undermined in interactions among older adults, caregivers, and social robots in real-world aged care practices. We conducted a comprehensive review of 18 qualitative and mixed-method studies on the deployment of humanoid social robots in residential aged care settings. Our analysis of the literature through a care ethics lens identified ways in which robots may either augment or limit care. The analysis particularly highlights the ethical importance of effective collaboration among robots, caregivers, and designers. We argue that a care ethics framework can enhance such collaboration and thereby promote good care. We further propose four design principles to guide designers in integrating care ethics into robot design requirements. These practical principles should help to promote the wellbeing of both residents and caregivers in aged care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-023-01053-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T10:01:57Z","timestamp":1696413717000},"page":"1637-1654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Ethical Design of Social Robots in Aged Care: A Literature Review Using an Ethics of Care Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6194-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Coghlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reeva","family":"Lederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Waycott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12239","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12239","volume":"14","author":"R Abbott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbott R, Orr N, McGill P et al (2019) How do \u201crobopets\u201d impact the health and well-being of residents in care homes? A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence. Int J Older People Nurs 14(3):e12239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opn.12239","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e018815","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018815","volume":"8","author":"J Abdi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdi J, Al-Hindawi A, Ng T et al (2018) Scoping review on the use of socially assistive robot technology in elderly care. BMJ Open 8(2):e018815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018815","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1053_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/MB.S160348","volume":"9","author":"A van Wynsberghe","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Wynsberghe A, Li S (2019) A paradigm shift for robot ethics: from HRI to human\u2013robot\u2013system interaction (HRSI). Medicoleg Bioethics 9:11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/MB.S160348","journal-title":"Medicoleg Bioethics"},{"key":"1053_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744526","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.744526","volume":"8","author":"A Amirova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amirova A, Rakhymbayeva N, Yadollahi E et al (2021) 10 years of human-NAO interaction research: a scoping review. Front Robot AI 8:744526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2021.744526","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"1053_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/10400435.2021.1881493","author":"M Andtfolk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andtfolk M, Nyholm L, Eide H et al (2021) Humanoid robots in the care of older persons: a scoping review. Assist Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/10400435.2021.1881493","journal-title":"Assist Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.26362\/20181204","volume":"17","author":"R Barcaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barcaro R, Mazzoleni M, Virgili P (2018) Ethics of care and robot caregivers. Prolegomena Casopisza Filoz 17(1):72\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26362\/20181204","journal-title":"Prolegomena Casopisza Filoz"},{"key":"1053_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borenstein J, Arkin RC, Wagner AR (2022) A metaethical reflection: The ethics of embedding ethics into robots. In: 2022 IEEE International conference on advanced robotics and its social impacts (ARSO), pp 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ARSO54254.2022.9812973","DOI":"10.1109\/ARSO54254.2022.9812973"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4017\/gt.2009.08.02.002.00","volume":"8","author":"J Broekens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Broekens J, Heerink M, Rosendal H (2009) Assistive social robots in elderly care: a review. Gerontechnology 8(2):94\u2013103","journal-title":"Gerontechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1081\/01972243.2018.1444255","volume":"34","author":"P Caleb-Solly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caleb-Solly P, Dogramadzi S, Huijnen CAGJ et al (2018) Exploiting ability for human adaptation to facilitate improved human-robot interaction and acceptance. Inf Soc 34(3):153\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/01972243.2018.1444255","journal-title":"Inf Soc"},{"key":"1053_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carros F, Meurer J, L\u00a8offler D, et al (2020) Exploring human-robot interaction with the elderly: results from a ten-week case study in a care home. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, CHI \u201920, pp 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376402","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376402"},{"key":"1053_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carros F, Schwaninger I, Preussner A, et al (2022) Care workers making use of robots: results of a three-month study on human-robot interaction within a care home. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, CHI \u201922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3517435","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517435"},{"issue":"22","key":"1053_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8621","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228621","volume":"17","author":"D Casey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casey D, Barrett E, Kovacic T et al (2020) The perceptions of people with dementia and key stakeholders regarding the use and impact of the social robot MARIO. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(22):8621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17228621","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1053_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cavenett W, Baker S, Waycott J, et al (2018) Deploying new technology in residential aged care: staff members\u2019 perspectives. ACM, pp 200\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3292147.3292214","DOI":"10.1145\/3292147.3292214"},{"key":"1053_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheon E, Su NM (2016) Integrating roboticist values into a design framework for humanoid robots. In: The Eleventh ACM\/IEEE international conference on human robot interaction, IEEE Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, HRI \u201916, pp 603\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451878","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451878"},{"issue":"4","key":"1053_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-015-9331-y","volume":"36","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh M (2015) Artificial agents, good care, and modernity. Theor Med Bioethics 36(4):265\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11017-015-9331-y","journal-title":"Theor Med Bioethics"},{"issue":"10","key":"1053_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-021-00814-7","volume":"14","author":"S Coghlan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coghlan S (2022) Robots and the possibility of humanistic care. Int J Soc Robot 14(10):2095\u20132108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-021-00814-7","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1053_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coghlan S, Waycott J, Neves BB, et al (2018) Using robot pets instead of companion animals for older people: a case of \u2019reinventing the wheel\u2019? In: Proceedings of the 30th Australian conference on computer-human interaction, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, OzCHI \u201918, pp 172\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3292147.3292176","DOI":"10.1145\/3292147.3292176"},{"issue":"5","key":"1053_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00583-2","volume":"11","author":"S Coghlan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coghlan S, Vetere F, Waycott J et al (2019) Could Social robots make us kinder or crueller to humans and animals? Int J Soc Robot 11(5):741\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-019-00583-2","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"CSCW1","key":"1053_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3449178","volume":"5","author":"S Coghlan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coghlan S, Waycott J, Lazar A et al (2021) Dignity, autonomy, and style of company: dimensions older adults consider for robot companions. Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact 5(CSCW1):1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3449178","journal-title":"Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29297\/orbit.v2i2.80","volume":"2","author":"K David","year":"2019","unstructured":"David K, Oliver B (2019) I am a Person: How value sensitive design can better support caring relationships for people with dementia, interpreted through the lens of personhood. ORBIT J 2(2):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29297\/orbit.v2i2.80","journal-title":"ORBIT J"},{"key":"1053_CR21","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Self-determination theory","author":"EL Deci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deci EL, Ryan RM (2012) Self-determination theory. SAGE Publications Ltd, New York, pp 1\u20131"},{"issue":"6","key":"1053_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423618100105","volume":"19","author":"J Dudman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dudman J, Meyer J, Holman C et al (2018) Recognition of the complexity facing residential care homes: a practitioner inquiry. Prim Health Care Res Dev 19(6):584\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1463423618100105","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1053_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13216","DOI":"10.2196\/13216","volume":"21","author":"A Fiske","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiske A, Henningsen P, Buyx A (2019) Your robot therapist will see you now: ethical implications of embodied artificial intelligence in psychiatry, psychology, and psychotherapy. J Med Internet Res 21(5):e13216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/13216","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1053_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3469653","volume":"10","author":"M Ghafurian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghafurian M, Hoey J, Dautenhahn K (2021) Social robots for the care of persons with dementia: a systematic review. ACM Trans Hum Robot Interact (THRI) 10(4):1\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3469653","journal-title":"ACM Trans Hum Robot Interact (THRI)"},{"key":"1053_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1478125","volume":"2021","author":"F Gibelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gibelli F, Ricci G, Sirignano A et al (2021) The increasing centrality of robotic technology in the context of nursing care: bioethical implications analyzed through a scoping review approach. J Healthc Eng 2021:1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/1478125","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"1053_CR26","volume-title":"In a different voice: psychological theory and women\u2019s development","author":"C Gilligan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gilligan C (1982) In a different voice: psychological theory and women\u2019s development. Harvard University Press"},{"key":"1053_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hebesberger D, Koertner T, Gisinger C, et al (2016) Lessons learned from the deployment of a longterm autonomous robot as companion in physical therapy for older adults with dementia a mixed methods study, pp 27\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451730","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451730"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-016-0391-6","volume":"9","author":"D Hebesberger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hebesberger D, Koertner T, Gisinger C et al (2017) A long-term autonomous robot at a care hospital: a mixed methods study on social acceptance and experiences of staff and older adults. Int J Soc Robot 9(3):417\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-016-0391-6","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.7202\/1078637ar","volume":"4","author":"R Hewitt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hewitt R (2021) Assistive care robots and older adults: employing a care ethics lens. Can J Bioethics Rev Can Bio\u00b4ethique 4(1):101\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1078637ar","journal-title":"Can J Bioethics Rev Can Bio\u00b4ethique"},{"key":"1053_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hornecker E, Bischof A, Graf P, et al (2020) The interactive enactment of care technologies and its implications for human-robot-interaction in care, pp 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419249.3420103","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420103"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7010031","volume":"7","author":"C Huisman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huisman C, Kort H (2019) Two-year use of care robot Zora in Dutch nursing homes: an evaluation study. Healthcare 7(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare7010031","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878-019-1244-6","volume":"19","author":"L Hung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hung L, Liu C, Woldum E et al (2019) The benefits of and barriers to using a social robot PARO in care settings: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 19(1):232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12878-019-1244-6","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1053_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205566832110723","DOI":"10.1178\/20556683211072385","volume":"9","author":"L Hung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hung L, Wong J, Smith C et al (2022) Facilitators and barriers to using telepresence robots in aged care settings: a scoping review. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 9:20556683211072384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1178\/20556683211072385","journal-title":"J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR34","first-page":"53","volume":"11","author":"J Jaakola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaakola J (2021) Ethics by other means? Care robot trials as ethics-in-practice. TECNOSCIENZA Ital J Sci Technol Stud 11(2):53\u201372","journal-title":"TECNOSCIENZA Ital J Sci Technol Stud"},{"issue":"7","key":"1053_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0200031","DOI":"10.1372\/journal.pone.0200031","volume":"13","author":"A Kadri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kadri A, Rapaport P, Livingston G et al (2018) Care workers, the unacknowledged persons in person-centred care: a secondary qualitative analysis of UK care home staff interviews. PLoS ONE 13(7):e0200031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1372\/journal.pone.0200031","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.20965\/jrm.2011.p0003","volume":"23","author":"M Kanoh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanoh M, Oida Y, Nomura Y et al (2011) Examination of practicability of communication robotassisted activity program for elderly people. J Robot Mechatron 23(1):3","journal-title":"J Robot Mechatron"},{"key":"1053_CR37","volume-title":"Dementia reconsidered: the person comes first","author":"TM Kitwood","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kitwood TM, Kitwood T (1997) Dementia reconsidered: the person comes first, vol 20. Open University Press, Buckingham"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25340","DOI":"10.2196\/25340","volume":"8","author":"WQ Koh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koh WQ, Ang FXH, Casey D (2021) Impacts of low-cost robotic pets for older adults and people with dementia: scoping review. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 8(1):e25340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/25340","journal-title":"JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"1053_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lazar A, Thompson HJ, Piper AM, et al (2016) Rethinking the design of robotic pets for older adults. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM conference on designing interactive systems, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, DIS \u201916, p 1034\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2901800.29018112","DOI":"10.1145\/2901800.29018112"},{"key":"1053_CR40","volume-title":"Motivation and personality","author":"AH Maslow","year":"1954","unstructured":"Maslow AH (1954) Motivation and personality. Harper, New York"},{"key":"1053_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.104041","volume":"134","author":"H Melkas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melkas H, Hennala L, Pekkarinen S et al (2020) Impacts of robot implementation on care personnel and clients in elderly-care institutions. Int J Med Inform 134:104041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.104041","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M et al (2015) Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev 4(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1053_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0188-y","volume":"15","author":"W Moyle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moyle W (2019) The promise of technology in the future of dementia care. Nat Rev Neurol 15(6):353\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-019-0188-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"1053_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_71","volume-title":"Springer handbook of robotics","author":"B Mutlu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mutlu B, Roy N, \u02c7Sabanovi\u00b4c S (2016) Cognitive human-robot interaction. In: Siciliano B, Khatib O (eds) Springer handbook of robotics. Springer, Cham, pp 1907\u20131934"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics8130054","volume":"8","author":"O Nocentini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nocentini O, Fiorini L, Acerbi G et al (2019) A survey of behavioral models for social robots. Robotics 8(3):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/robotics8130054","journal-title":"Robotics"},{"key":"1053_CR46","volume-title":"Caring: a relational approach to ethics and moral education","author":"N Noddings","year":"1984","unstructured":"Noddings N (1984) Caring: a relational approach to ethics and moral education. Google Books University of California Press, Berkeley"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11370-020-00345-4","volume":"14","author":"T Nomura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nomura T, Kanda T, Yamada S et al (2021) The effects of assistive walking robots for health care support on older persons: a preliminary field experiment in an elder care facility. Intell Serv Robot 14(1):25\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11370-020-00345-4","journal-title":"Intell Serv Robot"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0448-2","volume":"3","author":"AV Norstr\u00a8om","year":"2020","unstructured":"Norstr\u00a8om AV, Cvitanovic C, L\u00a8of MF et al (2020) Principles for knowledge co-production in sustainability research. Nat Sustain 3(3):182\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-019-0448-2","journal-title":"Nat Sustain"},{"key":"1053_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101318","volume":"62","author":"K Obayashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Obayashi K, Kodate N, Masuyama S (2020) Can connected technologies improve sleep quality and safety of older adults and caregivers? An evaluation study of sleep monitors and communicative robots at a residential care home in Japan. Technol Soc 62:101318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101318","journal-title":"Technol Soc"},{"key":"1053_CR50","first-page":"173","volume":"2","author":"R Oppermann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Oppermann R, Rasher R (1997) Adaptability and adaptivity in learning systems. Knowl Transf 2:173\u2013180","journal-title":"Knowl Transf"},{"issue":"02","key":"1053_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4236\/ica.2017.82009","volume":"08","author":"K Osaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osaka K, Sugimoto H, Tanioka T et al (2017) Characteristics of a transactive phenomenon in relationships among older adults with dementia, nurses as intermediaries, and communication robot. Intell Control Autom 08(02):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ica.2017.82009","journal-title":"Intell Control Autom"},{"key":"1053_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Osaka K, Tanioka T, Tanioka R, et al (2020) Effectiveness of care robots, and the intermediaries\u2019 role between and among care robots and older adults, pp 611\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SII46433.2020.9026262","DOI":"10.1109\/SII46433.2020.9026262"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1053_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1081\/10376178.2018.1519374","volume":"54","author":"I Papadopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papadopoulos I, Koulouglioti C, Ali S (2018) Views of nurses and other health and social care workers on the use of assistive humanoid and animal-like robots in health and social care: a scopingreview. Contemp Nurse 54(4\u20135):425\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/10376178.2018.1519374","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e033096","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033096","volume":"10","author":"I Papadopoulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papadopoulos I, Koulouglioti C, Lazzarino R et al (2020) Enablers and barriers to the implementation of socially assistive humanoid robots in health and social care: a systematic review. BMJ Open 10(1):e033096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033096","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501956","volume":"40","author":"M Persson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Persson M, Redmalm D, Iversen C (2022) Caregivers\u2019 use of robots and their effect on work environment\u2013a scoping review. J Technol Hum Serv 40(3):251\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3501956","journal-title":"J Technol Hum Serv"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-015-0284-0","volume":"7","author":"M Pfadenhauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfadenhauer M, Dukat C (2015) Robot caregiver or robot-supported caregiving? Int J Soc Robot 7(3):393\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-015-0284-0","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-014-9582-9","volume":"18","author":"J Pols","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pols J (2015) Towards an empirical ethics in care: relations with technologies in health care. Med Health Care Philos 18(1):81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11019-014-9582-9","journal-title":"Med Health Care Philos"},{"key":"1053_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3127\/ajis.v23i0.1688","author":"A Poulsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poulsen A, Burmeister OK (2019) Overcoming carer shortages with care robots: dynamic value trade-offs in run-time. Australas J Inf Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3127\/ajis.v23i0.1688","journal-title":"Australas J Inf Syst"},{"key":"1053_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabelli AM, Kanda T, Hagita N (2011) A conversational robot in an elderly care center: an ethnographic study. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on human-robot interaction, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, HRI \u201911, pp 37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1957656.1957669","DOI":"10.1145\/1957656.1957669"},{"key":"1053_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saplacan D, Khaksar W, Torresen J (2021) On ethical challenges raised by care robots: a review of the existing regulatory-, theoretical-, and research gaps. In: 2021 IEEE International conference on advanced robotics and its social impacts (ARSO), pp 219\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ARSO51874.2021.9542844","DOI":"10.1109\/ARSO51874.2021.9542844"},{"key":"1053_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sas C, Davies N, Clinch S, et al (2020) Supporting Stimulation needs in dementia care through wall-sized displays. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, CHI \u201920, pp 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376361","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376361"},{"key":"1053_CR62","first-page":"249","volume":"9","author":"R Sather","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sather R, Soufineyestani M, Khan A et al (2021) Use of humanoid robot in dementia care: a literature review. J Aging Sci 9:249","journal-title":"J Aging Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1178\/1460458217829729","volume":"25","author":"M Shishehgar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shishehgar M, Kerr D, Blake J (2019) The effectiveness of various robotic technologies in assisting older adults. Health Inform J 25(3):892\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1178\/1460458217829729","journal-title":"Health Inform J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1053_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-015-9725-4","volume":"22","author":"F Santoni de Sio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santoni de Sio F, van Wynsberghe A (2016) When Should we use care robots? The natureof-activities approach. Sci Eng Ethics 22(6):1745\u20131760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-015-9725-4","journal-title":"Sci Eng Ethics"},{"key":"1053_CR65","volume-title":"Moral boundaries: a political argument for an ethic of care","author":"JC Tronto","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tronto JC (1993) Moral boundaries: a political argument for an ethic of care. Psychology Press, London"},{"key":"1053_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2022.101917","volume":"68","author":"T Turja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turja T, S\u00a8arkikoski T, Koistinen P et al (2022) Basic human needs and robotization: how to make deployment of robots worthwhile for everyone? Technol Soc 68:101917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2022.101917","journal-title":"Technol Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1053_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1081\/09540090600868912","volume":"18","author":"S Turkle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turkle S, Taggart W, Kidd CD et al (2006) Relational artifacts with children and elders: the complexities of cyber companionship. Connect Sci 18(4):347\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/09540090600868912","journal-title":"Connect Sci"},{"key":"1053_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Unbehaun D, Aal K, Vaziri DD, et al (2020) Social technology appropriation in dementia: investigating the role of caregivers in engaging people with dementia with a videogame-based training system. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, CHI \u201920, pp 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376648","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376648"},{"key":"1053_CR69","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Machine ethics and robot ethics","author":"S Vallor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vallor S (2011) Carebots and caregivers: sustaining the ethical ideal of care in the twenty-first century. Machine ethics and robot ethics. Routledge, New York, pp 137\u2013154"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-018-9461-9","volume":"23","author":"I van de Poel","year":"2021","unstructured":"van de Poel I (2021) Design for value change. Ethics Inf Technol 23(1):27\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-018-9461-9","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"1053_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315586397","volume-title":"Healthcare robots: ethics, design and implementation","author":"A Van Wynsberghe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Wynsberghe A (2016) Healthcare robots: ethics, design and implementation. Routledge, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.08.014","volume":"74","author":"T Vandemeulebroucke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vandemeulebroucke T, Dierckx de Casterl\u00b4e B, Gastmans C (2018) The use of care robots in aged care: a systematic review of argument-based ethics literature. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 74(1):5\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2017.08.014","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-021-00296-8","volume":"27","author":"T Vandemeulebroucke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vandemeulebroucke T, de Casterle BD, Gastmans C (2021) Socially assistive robots in aged care: ethical orientations beyond the care-romantic and technology-deterministic gaze. Sci Eng Ethics 27(2):17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00296-8","journal-title":"Sci Eng Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/2047-3095.12327","volume":"33","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Shen J, Chen Q (2022) How PARO can help older people in elderly care facilities: a systematic review of RCT. Int J Nurs Knowl 33(1):29\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2047-3095.12327","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Knowl"},{"key":"1053_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.02.005","volume":"60","author":"XV Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang XV, Wang L (2021) A literature survey of the robotic technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Manuf Syst 60:823\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.02.005","journal-title":"J Manuf Syst"},{"key":"1053_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waycott J, Kelly RM, Baker S, et al (2022) The role of staff in facilitating immersive virtual reality for enrichment in aged care: an ethic of care perspective. In: CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3501956","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501956"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1081\/14672725.2019.1612765","volume":"51","author":"J Wright","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wright J (2019) Robots vs migrants? Reconfiguring the future of Japanese institutional eldercare. Crit Asian Stud 51(3):331\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/14672725.2019.1612765","journal-title":"Crit Asian Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-011-9343-6","volume":"19","author":"A van Wynsberghe","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Wynsberghe A (2013) Designing robots for care: care centered value-sensitive design. Sci Eng Ethics 19(2):407\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-011-9343-6","journal-title":"Sci Eng Ethics"},{"key":"1053_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamazaki R, Kase H, Nishio S, et al (2019) A conversational robotic approach to dementia symptoms: measuring its effect on older adults. In: Association for computing machinery, Kyoto, Japan, pp 110\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3349537.3351888","DOI":"10.1145\/3349537.3351888"},{"issue":"4","key":"1053_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00653-w","volume":"13","author":"GCK Yew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yew GCK (2021) Trust in and ethical design of carebots: the case for ethics of care. Int J Soc Robot 13(4):629\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-020-00653-w","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"CSCW2","key":"1053_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3555220","volume":"6","author":"S Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan S, Coghlan S, Lederman R et al (2022) Social robots in Aged care: care staff experiences and perspectives on robot benefits and challenges. Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact 6(CSCW2):329:1-329:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3555220","journal-title":"Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny078","volume":"59","author":"O Zafrani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zafrani O, Nimrod G (2019) Towards a holistic approach to studying human\u2013robot interaction in later life. Gerontologist 59(1):e26\u2013e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gny078","journal-title":"Gerontologist"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01053-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01053-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01053-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T12:13:15Z","timestamp":1698927195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01053-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9-10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01053-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}