{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:48:15Z","timestamp":1767991695481,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16SV8342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16SV8342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The number of robots that are in use worldwide is increasing, and they are starting to be used in new areas, where a use of robotics was impossible in the past, such as nursing care. This brings about new challenges that need to be addressed, one of them is the challenge of privacy preservation. Privacy in robotics is still a very new field that has not been studied deeply yet, even though some studies show that it is a crucial factor. In this article, we investigate how users feel about their privacy when interacting in a telepresence scenario with three different technical means: a laptop computer with a built-in camera, the mobile robot Temi and the humanoid robot Ameca. Behaviors from human interaction were implemented for the humanoid robot, which are not aimed directly at deactivating the sensors, but symbolize this deactivation. We conducted a user study with 21 participants. We did not find out any statistical significant difference between the elements, which shows that the robotic solutions are also popular and people feel comfortable around them. In addition, we also found out that the best way for a humanoid robot to indicate privacy to the participants is to perform actions where it closes the eyes and gives a sense of deactivation. Lastly, the results show that even though the acceptance of a humanoid robot is quite good, further work is needed to increase the control feeling in order to increase the trust of the user over it.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-024-01153-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T13:02:47Z","timestamp":1723554167000},"page":"363-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Is the Robot Spying on me? A Study on Perceived Privacy in Telepresence Scenarios in a Care Setting with Mobile and Humanoid Robots"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1561-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Nieto\u00a0Agraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Hinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Eichelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1153_CR1","unstructured":"Strategic Market Research: Robotics Industry Statistics (2023). https:\/\/www.strategicmarketresearch.com\/blogs\/robotics-industry-statistics. Accessed 13 Nov 2023"},{"key":"1153_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832248","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.832248","volume":"77","author":"C Nieto Agraz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nieto Agraz C, Pfingsthorn M, Gliesche P, Eichelberg M, Hein A (2022) A survey of robotic systems for nursing care. Front Robot AI 77:832248","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"1153_CR3","unstructured":"Aymerich-Franch L, Ferrer I (2021) Socially assistive robots\u2019 deployment in healthcare settings: a global perspective."},{"key":"1153_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627958","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.627958","volume":"8","author":"C Lutz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lutz C, Tam\u00f2-Larrieux A (2021) Do privacy concerns about social robots affect use intentions? Evidence from an experimental vignette study. Front Robot AI 8:627958","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"issue":"3","key":"1153_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2017.1318356","volume":"29","author":"B Schafer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schafer B, Edwards L (2017) \u201cI spy, with my little sensor\u2019\u2019: fair data handling practices for robots between privacy, copyright and security. Connect Sci 29(3):200\u2013209","journal-title":"Connect Sci"},{"key":"1153_CR6","unstructured":"Rueben, Matthew, and William D. Smart. \u201cPrivacy 96 in human-robot interaction: Survey and future work.\u201d We 97 robot 2016 (2016): 5th"},{"key":"1153_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-016-0362-y","volume":"8","author":"E Sedenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sedenberg E, Chuang J, Mulligan D (2016) Designing commercial therapeutic robots for privacy preserving systems and ethical research practices within the home. Int J Soc Robot 8:575\u2013587","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1153_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heuer, Tanja, Ina Schiering, and Reinhard Gerndt. \u201cPrivacy framework for context-aware robot development.\u201d Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 12.1 (2021): 468-480","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2021-0032"},{"key":"1153_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim K, Boelling L, Haesler S, Bailenson J, Bruder G, Welch GF (2018) Does a digital assistant need a body? The influence of visual embodiment and social behavior on the perception of intelligent virtual agents in AR. In: 2018 IEEE international symposium on mixed and augmented reality (ISMAR). IEEE, pp 105\u2013114","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2018.00039"},{"key":"1153_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"D Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang D, Chae Y-J, Kim D, Lim Y, Kim DH, Kim C, Park S-K, Nam C (2022) Effects of social behaviors of robots in privacy-sensitive situations. Int J Social Robot 8:1\u201314","journal-title":"Int J Social Robot"},{"key":"1153_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matsuzaki H, Gliesche P (2023) Robots and norms of care: a comparative analysis of the reception of robotic assistance in nursing. In: Hakli R, Pekka M, Seibt J (eds) Social robots in social institutions, 366 edn. IOS Press, pp 90\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/FAIA220607. https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA220607","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA220607"},{"key":"1153_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rueben M, Bernieri FJ, Grimm CM, Smart WD (2017) Framing effects on privacy concerns about a home telepresence robot. 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Springer, pp 607\u2013624","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25364-5_43"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01153-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01153-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01153-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T04:49:17Z","timestamp":1744951757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01153-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01153-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All details of the study were approved by the Institutional Ethics Board of OFFIS the registration number 2023G004.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"All the participants joined voluntarily and they were informed that they could leave the study at any moment, without further explanation. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All the authors consent to the publication of this article. The authors affirm that the participants of the video provided informed consent for publication of it in an open access journal.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}