{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:42:38Z","timestamp":1778154158839,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Social robots can be designed to facilitate co-creation. The impact of mood expressions displayed by human facilitators can elicit similar moods in others, fostering collaboration, process satisfaction, and co-creation performance. However, the extent to which robot mood expressions can influence such group dynamics to the same effect remains an open question. To address this, we conducted an experiment (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 110) in which small groups engaged in a co-creation session facilitated by a social robot that displayed positive, neutral, or negative mood expressions. The results showed that robot mood expressions evoked corresponding mood contagion among human group members. The influence of robot expressions on mood valence significantly enhanced group collaboration and process satisfaction. Additionally, participants\u2019 ability to contribute insights during the session and ensure these are represented in session outcomes, an index of co-creation performance, significantly improved when positive robot mood expressions increased mood contagion valence. By establishing the influence of robot mood expressions on mood contagion, group collaboration, process satisfaction, and co-creation performance, we shed light on the potential of social robots for facilitating and enhancing co-creation. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these effects adds to a growing body of work in the field of human-robot interaction and offers valuable insights for developing innovative future robotic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-024-01177-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T12:01:55Z","timestamp":1728129715000},"page":"2133-2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Co-Creating with a Robot Facilitator: Robot Expressions Cause Mood Contagion Enhancing Collaboration, Satisfaction, and Performance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alwin","family":"de Rooij","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone van den","family":"Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Bouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1108\/JBIM-01-2020-0017","volume":"37","author":"V Saha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saha V, Goyal P, Jebarajakirthy C (2021) Value co-creation: a review of literature and future research agenda. J Bus Ind Mark 37(3):612\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JBIM-01-2020-0017","journal-title":"J Bus Ind Mark"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/15710880701875068","volume":"4","author":"EB-N Sanders","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanders EB-N, Stappers PJ (2008) Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. CoDesign 4(1):5\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15710880701875068","journal-title":"CoDesign"},{"key":"1177_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jones P (2018) Contexts of co-creation: designing with system stakeholders. In: Jones P, Kijima K (eds) Systemic design: theory, methods, and practice. Translational systems sciences, pp 3\u201352. Springer, Tokyo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-4-431-55639-8_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55639-8_1"},{"key":"1177_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michalik G (2023). Co-creation. In: Michalik G (ed) Co-creation mindset: eight steps towards the future of work. Management for professionals. Springer, Cham, pp 17\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-21191-1_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-21191-1_2"},{"key":"1177_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soto Hormaz\u00e1bal M, Beaul\u00e9 CI, Alhonsuo M, Miettinen S (2020). Emotions: the invisible aspect of co-creation workshops. In: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on design creativity (ICDC 2020). pp 192\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35199\/ICDC.2020.24","DOI":"10.35199\/ICDC.2020.24"},{"key":"1177_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rill BR, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen MM (2018). The art of co-creation: a guidebook for practitioners. Springer, Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-8500-0","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8500-0"},{"key":"1177_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Broek S, Sankaran S, de Wit J, de Rooij A (2024) Exploring the supportive role of artificial intelligence in participatory design: a systematic review. In: Proceedings of the 18th biennial participatory design conference. PDC \u201924. Association for Computing Machinery, New York","DOI":"10.1145\/3661455.3669868"},{"key":"1177_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.657291","author":"J Geerts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geerts J, de Wit J, de Rooij A (2021) Brainstorming with a social robot facilitator: Better than human facilitation due to reduced evaluation apprehension? Front Robot AI. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2021.657291","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"1177_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bartneck C, Forlizzi J (2004) A design-centred framework for social human-robot interaction. In: RO-MAN 2004. 13th IEEE international workshop on robot and human interactive communication. pp 591\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2004.1374827","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2004.1374827"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1177_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00374-3","volume":"42","author":"BR Duffy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duffy BR (2003) Anthropomorphism and the social robot. Robot Auton Syst 42(3\u20134):177\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00374-3","journal-title":"Robot Auton Syst"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1177_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00372-X","volume":"42","author":"T Fong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fong T, Nourbakhsh I, Dautenhahn K (2003) A survey of socially interactive robots. Robot Auton Syst 42(3\u20134):143\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00372-X","journal-title":"Robot Auton Syst"},{"key":"1177_CR12","unstructured":"Ruggiero A, Mahr D, Odekerken-Schr\u00f6der G, Spena TR, Mele C (2022) Companion robots for well-being: a review and relational framework. In: Research handbook on services management. Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton, pp 309\u2013330"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4017\/gt.2009.08.02.002.00","volume":"8","author":"J Broekens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Broekens J, Heerink M, Rosendal H (2009) Assistive social robots in elderly care: a review. Gerontechnology 8(2):94\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4017\/gt.2009.08.02.002.00","journal-title":"Gerontechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTP-04-2019-0088","volume":"30","author":"VN Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu VN, Wirtz J, Kunz WH, Paluch S, Gruber T, Martins A, Patterson PG (2020) Service robots, customers and service employees: What can we learn from the academic literature and where are the gaps? J Serv Theory Pract 30(3):361\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JSTP-04-2019-0088","journal-title":"J Serv Theory Pract"},{"key":"1177_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2022.100501","volume":"33","author":"M de Haas","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Haas M, Vogt P, van den Berghe R, Leseman P, Oudgenoeg-Paz O, Willemsen B, de Wit J, Krahmer E (2022) Engagement in longitudinal child-robot language learning interactions: disentangling robot and task engagement. Int J Child-Comput Interact 33:100501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcci.2022.100501","journal-title":"Int J Child-Comput Interact"},{"key":"1177_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2023.1115360","author":"K Fucinato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fucinato K, Niebuhr O, N\u00f8rskov S, Fischer K (2023) Charismatic speech features in robot instructions enhance team creativity. Front Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomm.2023.1115360","journal-title":"Front Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.3390\/app13074106","volume":"13","author":"I Buchem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buchem I (2023) Scaling-up social learning in small groups with robot supported collaborative learning (RSCL): effects of learners\u2019 prior experience in the case study of planning poker with the robot Nao. Appl Sci 13(7):4106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13074106","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"1177_CR18","volume-title":"Theories of mood and cognition: a user\u2019s guidebook","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martin LL, Clore GL (eds) (2001) Theories of mood and cognition: a user\u2019s guidebook. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10770953","volume":"2","author":"E Hatfield","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hatfield E, Cacioppo JT, Rapson RL (1993) Emotional contagion. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2(3):96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10770953","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.2.211","volume":"79","author":"R Neumann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neumann R, Strack F (2000) \u201cMood contagion\u2019\u2019: the automatic transfer of mood between persons. J Personal Soc Psychol 79(2):211\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.79.2.211","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1177_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI14034_20","volume":"14","author":"N Schwarz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schwarz N, Clore GL (2003) Mood as information: 20 years later. Psychol Inq 14(3\u20134):296\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327965PLI14034_20","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.2307\/3094912","volume":"47","author":"SG Barsade","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barsade SG (2002) The ripple effect: emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior. Adm Sci Q 47(4):644\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3094912","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"issue":"6","key":"1177_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2011.00767.x","volume":"41","author":"N-W Chi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chi N-W, Chung Y-Y, Tsai W-C (2011) How do happy leaders enhance team success? The mediating roles of transformational leadership, group affective tone, and team processes. J Appl Soc Psychol 41(6):1421\u20131454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2011.00767.x","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1177_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kahn PH, Kanda T, Ishiguro H, Gill BT, Shen S, Ruckert JH, Gary HE (2016) Human creativity can be facilitated through interacting with a social robot. In: 2016 11th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction (HRI). pp 173\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451749","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451749"},{"key":"1177_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2020.100234","volume":"28","author":"S Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali S, Park HW, Breazeal C (2021) A social robot\u2019s influence on children\u2019s figural creativity during gameplay. Int J Child-Comput Interact 28:100234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcci.2020.100234","journal-title":"Int J Child-Comput Interact"},{"key":"1177_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elgarf M, Calvo-Barajas N, Alves-Oliveira P, Perugia G, Castellano G, Peters C, Paiva A (2022) \u201cAnd then what happens?\u201d promoting children\u2019s verbal creativity using a robot. In: 2022 17th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction (HRI), pp 71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889408","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889408"},{"key":"1177_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alves-Oliveira P, Arriaga P, Nogueira SI, Paiva A (2021) Robotics-based interventions for children\u2019s creativity. In: Proceedings of the 13th conference on creativity and cognition. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3450741.3465267","DOI":"10.1145\/3450741.3465267"},{"key":"1177_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali S, Moroso T, Breazeal C (2019) Can children learn creativity from a social robot? In: Proceedings of the 2019 conference on creativity and cognition. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 359\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3325480.3325499","DOI":"10.1145\/3325480.3325499"},{"key":"1177_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alves-Oliveira P, Arriaga P, Cronin MA, Paiva A (2020) Creativity encounters between children and robots. In: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 379\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3319502.3374817","DOI":"10.1145\/3319502.3374817"},{"key":"1177_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elgarf M, Skantze G, Peters C (2021) Once upon a story: Can a creative storyteller robot stimulate creativity in children? In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on intelligent virtual agents. IVA \u201921. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 60\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3472306.3478359","DOI":"10.1145\/3472306.3478359"},{"key":"1177_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2019.00148","author":"RB Rosenberg-Kima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosenberg-Kima RB, Koren Y, Gordon G (2020) Robot-supported collaborative learning (RSCL): social robots as teaching assistants for higher education small group facilitation. Front Robot AI. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2019.00148","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"1177_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vrins A, Pruss E, Ceccato C, Prinsen J, de Rooij A, Alimardani M, de Wit J (2024) Wizard-of-Oz vs. GPT-4: a comparative study of perceived social intelligence in HRI brainstorming. In: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3610978.3640755","DOI":"10.1145\/3610978.3640755"},{"key":"1177_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.712606","author":"C Herrando","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herrando C, Constantinides E (2021) Emotional contagion: a brief overview and future directions. Front Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.712606","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111316","volume":"2","author":"SG Barsade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barsade SG, Knight AP (2015) Group affect. Annu Rev Organ Psych Organ Behav 2(1):21\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111316","journal-title":"Annu Rev Organ Psych Organ Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-022-09589-z","volume":"37","author":"ES van Haeringen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Haeringen ES, Gerritsen C, Hindriks KV (2022) Emotion contagion in agent-based simulations of crowds: a systematic review. Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst 37(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10458-022-09589-z","journal-title":"Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/2041386614542889","volume":"4","author":"HA Elfenbein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elfenbein HA (2014) The many faces of emotional contagion: an affective process theory of affective linkage. Organ Psychol Rev 4(4):326\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2041386614542889","journal-title":"Organ Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167209335299","volume":"35","author":"JR Huntsinger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huntsinger JR, Lun J, Sinclair S, Clore GL (2009) Contagion without contact: anticipatory mood matching in response to affiliative motivation. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 35(7):909\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167209335299","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1177_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hatfield E, Rapson RL, Le Y-CL (2009) Emotional contagion and empathy. In: The social neuroscience of empathy. Social neuroscience. Boston Review, Cambridge, pp 19\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0003","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0003"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2008.36.1.27","volume":"36","author":"M Kimura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kimura M, Daibo I, Yogo M (2008) The study of emotional contagion from the perspective of interpersonal relationships. Soc Behav Personal Int J 36(1):27\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.2008.36.1.27","journal-title":"Soc Behav Personal Int J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1039494","volume":"30","author":"AC Homan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Homan AC, Van Kleef GA, Sanchez-Burks J (2016) Team members\u2019 emotional displays as indicators of team functioning. Cogn Emot 30(1):134\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2015.1039494","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"6","key":"1177_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.21810","volume":"56","author":"C-P Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin C-P, He H, Baruch Y, Ashforth BE (2017) The effect of team affective tone on team performance: the roles of team identification and team cooperation. Hum Resour Manag 56(6):931\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hrm.21810","journal-title":"Hum Resour Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci2030203","volume":"2","author":"J Volmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volmer J (2012) Catching leaders\u2019 mood: contagion effects in teams. Adm Sci 2(3):203\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/admsci2030203","journal-title":"Adm Sci"},{"key":"1177_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gideon J, Provost EM, McInnis M (2016) Mood state prediction from speech of varying acoustic quality for individuals with bipolar disorder. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP), pp 2359\u20132363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICASSP.2016.7472099","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2016.7472099"},{"issue":"6","key":"1177_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1172","volume":"160","author":"EB McClure","year":"2003","unstructured":"McClure EB, Pope K, Hoberman AJ, Pine DS, Leibenluft E (2003) Facial expression recognition in adolescents with mood and anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry 160(6):1172\u20131174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1172","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2012.16","volume":"4","author":"A Kleinsmith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kleinsmith A, Bianchi-Berthouze N (2013) Affective body expression perception and recognition: a survey. IEEE Trans Affect Comput 4(1):15\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/T-AFFC.2012.16","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Affect Comput"},{"issue":"10","key":"1177_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2023.3261137","volume":"111","author":"CM Melo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Melo CM, Gratch J, Marsella S, Pelachaud C (2023) Social functions of machine emotional expressions. Proc IEEE 111(10):1382\u20131397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JPROC.2023.3261137","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/jse.2013010101","volume":"4","author":"A de Rooij","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Rooij A, Broekens J, Lamers MH (2013) Abstract expressions of affect. Int J Synth Emot (IJSE) 4(1):1\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jse.2013010101","journal-title":"Int J Synth Emot (IJSE)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-021-00778-6","volume":"14","author":"R Stock-Homburg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stock-Homburg R (2022) Survey of emotions in human-robot interactions: perspectives from robotic psychology on 20 years of research. Int J Soc Robot 14(2):389\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-021-00778-6","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"20","key":"1177_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7420","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207420","volume":"17","author":"AR Dores","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dores AR, Barbosa F, Queir\u00f3s C, Carvalho IP, Griffiths MD (2020) Recognizing emotions through facial expressions: a largescale experimental study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(20):7420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17207420","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1177_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu J, Broekens J, Hindriks K, Neerincx MA (2015) Effects of a robotic storyteller\u2019s moody gestures on storytelling perception. In: 2015 international conference on affective computing and intelligent interaction (ACII), pp 449\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACII.2015.7344609","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2015.7344609"},{"key":"1177_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu J, Broekens J, Hindriks K, Neerincx MA (2014) Effects of bodily mood expression of a robotic teacher on students. In: 2014 IEEE\/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems, pp 2614\u20132620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS.2014.6942919","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2014.6942919"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0075-6","volume":"3","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh M (2011) Humans, animals, and robots: a phenomenological approach to human-robot relations. Int J Soc Robot 3(2):197\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-010-0075-6","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150036","volume":"14","author":"B Scassellati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scassellati B, Admoni H, Mataric M (2012) Robots for use in autism research. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 14(1):275\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150036","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101993","volume":"24","author":"TJ Prescott","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prescott TJ, Robillard JM (2021) Are friends electric? The benefits and risks of human-robot relationships. iScience 24(1):101993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101993","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1177_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwak SS, Kim Y, Kim E, Shin C, Cho K (2013) What makes people empathize with an emotional robot?: The impact of agency and physical embodiment on human empathy for a robot. In: 2013 IEEE RO-MAN, pp 180\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2013.6628441","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2013.6628441"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1145\/3208975","volume":"7","author":"M Jung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jung M, Hinds P (2018) Robots in the wild: a time for more robust theories of human-robot interaction. ACM Trans Hum-Robot Interact 7(1):2\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3208975","journal-title":"ACM Trans Hum-Robot Interact"},{"key":"1177_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strohkorb S, Fukuto E, Warren N, Taylor C, Berry B, Scassellati B (2016) Improving human-human collaboration between children with a social robot. In: 2016 25th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication (RO-MAN), pp 551\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2016.7745172","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2016.7745172"},{"key":"1177_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jung MF, Martelaro N, Hinds PJ (2015) Using robots to moderate team conflict: the case of repairing violations. In: Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 229\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2696454.2696460","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696460"},{"key":"1177_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Short E, Mataric MJ (2017) Robot moderation of a collaborative game: towards socially assistive robotics in group interactions. In: 2017 26th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication (RO-MAN), pp 385\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172331","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172331"},{"key":"1177_CR60","unstructured":"Donatelle RJ, Thompson AM (2010) Health: the Basics, Fifth Canadian Edition, 5th, edition. Pearson"},{"key":"1177_CR61","unstructured":"Card sorting: Current practices and beyond - JUX. Publication Title: JUX - The Journal of User Experience (2008)"},{"key":"1177_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amirova A, Rakhymbayeva N, Yadollahi E, Sandygulova A, Johal W (2021) 10 years of human-Nao interaction research: a scoping review. Front Robot AI 8","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.744526"},{"key":"1177_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pot E, Monceaux J, Gelin R, Maisonnier B (2009) Choregraphe: a graphical tool for humanoid robot programming. In: RO-MAN 2009\u2014the 18th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication, pp 46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2009.5326209","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2009.5326209"},{"key":"1177_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T\u00e4rning B, Tj\u00f8stheim TA, Johansson B (2019) Communicating emotional state and personality with eye-color and light intensity. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on human-agent interaction. HAI \u201919. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 214\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3349537.3352769","DOI":"10.1145\/3349537.3352769"},{"key":"1177_CR65","unstructured":"Xu J, Broekens J, Hindriks K, Neerincx MA (2014) Robot mood is contagious: effects of robot body language in the imitation game. In: Proceedings of the 2014 international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. AAMAS \u201914. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Richland, pp 973\u2013980"},{"key":"1177_CR66","unstructured":"Xu J, Broekens J, Hindriks K, Neerincx MA (2013) Mood expression through parameterized functional behavior of robots. IEEE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","volume":"25","author":"MM Bradley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bradley MM, Lang PJ (1994) Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 25(1):49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00003","volume":"8","author":"LF Barrett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barrett LF, Russell JA (1999) The structure of current affect: controversies and emerging consensus. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 8(1):10\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8721.00003","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.90.2.295","volume":"90","author":"T Sy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sy T, C\u00f4t\u00e9 S, Saavedra R (2005) The contagious leader: Impact of the leader\u2019s mood on the mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes. J Appl Psychol 90(2):295\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.90.2.295","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414533702","volume":"23","author":"DV Becker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Becker DV, Srinivasan N (2014) The vividness of the happy face. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 23(3):189\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721414533702","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5964\/ijpr.v8i2.162","volume":"8","author":"E Hatfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatfield E, Bensman L, Thornton PD, Rapson RL (2014) New perspectives on emotional contagion: a review of classic and recent research on facial mimicry and contagion. Interpers Int J Personal Relationsh 8(2):159\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/ijpr.v8i2.162","journal-title":"Interpers Int J Personal Relationsh"},{"key":"1177_CR72","unstructured":"R core team (2022) R a language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/ Accessed 2023-09-18"},{"key":"1177_CR73","unstructured":"Revelle W (2023) Psych: Procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/psych\/index.html Accessed 18 Nov 2023"},{"key":"1177_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","volume":"48","author":"Y Rosseel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosseel Y (2012) Lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw 48:1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124187016001004","volume":"16","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bentler PM, Chou C-P (1987) Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociol methods Res 16(1):78\u2013117","journal-title":"Sociol methods Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2014-031","volume":"6","author":"S Korkmaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Korkmaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G (2014) MVN: an R package for assessing multivariate normality. The R J 6(2):151\u2013162","journal-title":"The R J"},{"key":"1177_CR77","unstructured":"SEM: Measuring model fit (David A. Kenny). http:\/\/www.davidakenny.net\/cm\/fit.htm Accessed 2023-09-18"},{"key":"1177_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao J, Lv Y, Zeng Q, Wan L (2022) Online policy learning based output-feedback optimal control of continuous-time systems. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3112050"},{"issue":"5","key":"1177_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.5.768","volume":"54","author":"F Strack","year":"1988","unstructured":"Strack F, Martin LL, Stepper S (1988) Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. J Pers Soc Psychol 54(5):768\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.54.5.768","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-016-0363-x","volume":"8","author":"A de Beir","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Beir A, Cao H-L, G\u00f3mez Esteban P, van de Perre G, Lefeber D, Vanderborght B (2016) Enhancing emotional facial expressiveness on NAO. Int J Soc Robot 8(4):513\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-016-0363-x","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1177_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reimann M, Graaf J, Gulik N, Van De Sanden S, Verhagen T, Hindriks K (2023) Social robots in the wild and the novelty effect. In: International conference on social robotics. Springer, pp 38\u201348","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-8718-4_4"},{"key":"1177_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smedegaard CV (2019) Reframing the role of novelty within social HRI: from noise to information. In: 2019 14th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction (HRI). IEEE, pp 411\u2013420","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2019.8673219"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR83","first-page":"29","volume":"23","author":"J Bailey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bailey J (2023) Ai in education: the leap into a new era of machine intelligence carries risks and challenges, but also plenty of promise. Educ Next 23(4):29\u201336","journal-title":"Educ Next"},{"key":"1177_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blease C, Torous J (2023) ChatGPT and mental healthcare: balancing benefits with risks of harms. BMJ Ment Health 26(1)","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2023-300884"},{"key":"1177_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Rooij A, van den Broek S, Bouw M, de Wit J (2023) Co-designing with a social robot facilitator: effects of robot mood expression on human group dynamics. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on human-agent interaction. HAI \u201923. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 22\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3623809.3623820","DOI":"10.1145\/3623809.3623820"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01177-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01177-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01177-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T17:10:11Z","timestamp":1734628211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01177-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01177-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no Conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics and Data Management Committee of Tilburg University. Identification code: TSHD_RP305.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"All human participants signed informed consent before participating in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human Participants"}}]}}