{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:10:48Z","timestamp":1781194248816,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-025-01278-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T06:58:01Z","timestamp":1750834681000},"page":"1251-1275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cognitive Humanoid Trainers: Exploring the Potential of Social Robotics Based on Bartle\u2019s Role Player for Tailoring Education"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juana Isabel","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7035-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0915-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Jaime","family":"Baena-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy Constantina","family":"Mazon-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1216-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar Omar","family":"L\u00f3pez-Caudana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5461-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1278_CR1","unstructured":"McKinsey (2023) The skills revolution and the future of learning and earning. https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/%7E\/media\/mckinsey\/industries\/education\/our%20insights\/the%20skills%20revolution%20and%20the%20future%20of%20learning%20and%20earning\/the-skills-revolution-and-the-future-of-learning-and-earning-report-f.pdf. 13 May 2023"},{"key":"1278_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15672-9","volume-title":"Social robots from a human perspective","author":"J Vincent","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vincent J, Taipale S, Sapio B, et al (2015) Social robots from a human perspective. Springer International Publishing, Cham"},{"key":"1278_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00232-9_72","volume-title":"Advances in service and industrial robotics","author":"T Pachidis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pachidis T, Vrochidou E, Kaburlasos VG (2019) Social robotics in education: State-of-the-art and directions. In: Aspragathos NA, Koustoumpardis PN, Moulianitis VC, et al (eds) Advances in service and industrial robotics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 689\u2013700"},{"key":"1278_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106547","volume":"114","author":"R Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliveira R, Arriaga P, Santos FP, et al (2021) Towards prosocial design: A scoping review of the use of robots and virtual agents to trigger prosocial behaviour. Comput Hum Behav 114:106547. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106547","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"1278_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.04.005","volume":"55","author":"J Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li J, Kizilcec R, Bailenson J, Ju W (2016) Social robots and virtual agents as lecturers for video instruction. Comput Hum Behav 55:1222\u20131230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.04.005","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"1278_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041292","volume":"21","author":"N Akalin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akalin N, Loutfi A (2021) Reinforcement learning approaches in social robotics. Sensors 21:1292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21041292","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1278_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics11040075","volume":"11","author":"K Youssef","year":"2022","unstructured":"Youssef K, Said S, Alkork S, Beyrouthy T (2022) A survey on recent advances in social robotics. Robot 11:75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/robotics11040075","journal-title":"Robot"},{"key":"1278_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0195-x","volume":"6","author":"J Wainer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wainer J, Dautenhahn K, Robins B, Amirabdollahian F (2014) A pilot study with a novel setup for collaborative play of the humanoid robot kaspar with children with autism. Int J of Soc Robot 6:45\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-013-0195-x","journal-title":"Int J of Soc Robot"},{"key":"1278_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0199-6","volume":"6","author":"H Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan H, Ang MH, Poo AN (2014) A survey on perception methods for human\u2013robot interaction in social robots. Int J of Soc Robot 6:85\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-013-0199-6","journal-title":"Int J of Soc Robot"},{"key":"1278_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donnermann M, Schaper P, Lugrin B (2020) Integrating a social robot in higher education \u2013 a field study. In: 2020 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, Naples, Italy, pp 573\u2013579","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223602"},{"key":"1278_CR11","unstructured":"Bustos Iliescu A (2023) The future of educational robotics: Enhancing education, bridging the digital divide, and supporting diverse learners. In: AI for Good. https:\/\/aiforgood.itu.int\/the-future-of-educational-robotics-enhancing-education-bridging-the-digital-divide-and-supporting-diverse-learners\/. 7 Jun 2024"},{"key":"1278_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopez-Caudana E, Ponce P, Mazon N, Baltazar G (2022) Improving the attention span of elementary school children for physical education through an NAO robotics platform in developed countries. Int J Interact Des Manuf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12008-022-00851-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-022-00851-y"},{"key":"1278_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13006","volume":"51","author":"J Guggemos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guggemos J, Seufert S, Sonderegger S (2020) Humanoid robots in higher education: Evaluating the acceptance of pepper in the context of an academic writing course using the UTAUT. Br J Educ Technol 51:1864\u20131883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13006","journal-title":"Br J Educ Technol"},{"key":"1278_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103836","volume":"150","author":"H Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen H, Park HW, Breazeal C (2020) Teaching and learning with children: Impact of reciprocal peer learning with a social robot on children\u2019s learning and emotive engagement. Comput Educ 150:103836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103836","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"1278_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.00101","volume":"7","author":"M De Haas","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Haas M, Vogt P, Krahmer E (2020) The effects of feedback on children\u2019s engagement and learning outcomes in robot-assisted second language learning. Front Robot AI 7:101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2020.00101","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"1278_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1075\/is.8.3.04kah","volume":"8","author":"PHK J","year":"2007","unstructured":"J PHK, Ishiguro H, Friedman B, et al (2007) What is a human?: Toward psychological benchmarks in the field of human\u2013robot interaction. Interact Stud 8:363\u2013390. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/is.8.3.04kah","journal-title":"Interact Stud"},{"key":"1278_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh MC, Pan HC, Hsieh SW, et al (2022) Teaching the concept of computational thinking: A stem-based program with tangible robots on project-based learning courses. Front Psychol 12","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.828568"},{"key":"1278_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat5954","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aat5954","volume":"3","author":"T Belpaeme","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belpaeme T, Kennedy J, Ramachandran A, et al (2018) Social robots for education: A review. Sci Robot 3:eaat5954. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aat5954","journal-title":"Sci Robot"},{"key":"1278_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.3390\/math8122163","volume":"8","author":"E Lopez-Caudana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lopez-Caudana E, Ramirez-Montoya MS, Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez S, Rodr\u00edguez-Abitia G (2020) Using robotics to enhance active learning in mathematics: A multi-scenario study. Math 8:2163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math8122163","journal-title":"Math"},{"key":"1278_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.26907\/esd.16.2.05","volume":"16","author":"A Istenic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Istenic A, Bratko I, Rosanda V (2021) Pre-service teachers\u2019 concerns about social robots in the classroom: A model for development. E&sd 16:60\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26907\/esd.16.2.05","journal-title":"E&sd"},{"key":"1278_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2021.100388","volume":"33","author":"H Woo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woo H, LeTendre GK, Pham-Shouse T, Xiong Y (2021) The use of social robots in classrooms: A review of field-based studies. Educ Res Rev 33:100388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2021.100388","journal-title":"Educ Res Rev"},{"key":"1278_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/joitmc8010004","volume":"8","author":"MS Ram\u00edrez-Montoya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Montoya MS, Castillo-Mart\u00ednez IM, Sanabria-Z J, Miranda J (2022) Complex thinking in the framework of education 4.0 and open innovation\u2014A systematic literature review. J Open Innov: Technol Mark Complex 8:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/joitmc8010004","journal-title":"J Open Innov: Technol Mark Complex"},{"key":"1278_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315708591","volume-title":"Validation of score meaning for the next generation of assessments: The use of response processes","author":"K Ercikan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ercikan K, Pellegrino JW (2017) Validation of score meaning for the next generation of assessments: The use of response processes. Taylor & Francis"},{"key":"1278_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3451343","volume":"10","author":"JE Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz JE, Dautenhahn K (2021) Robo ludens: A game design taxonomy for multiplayer games using socially interactive robots. J Hum-Robot Interact 10:1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3451343","journal-title":"J Hum-Robot Interact"},{"key":"1278_CR25","volume-title":"Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit muds","author":"R Bartle","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bartle R (1996) Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit muds. ResearchGate, In. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/247190693_Hearts_clubs_diamonds_spades_Players_who_suit_MUDs"},{"key":"1278_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-023-01031-y","volume":"15","author":"A Rogge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rogge A (2023) Defining, designing and distinguishing artificial companions: A systematic literature review. Int J of Soc Robot 15:1557\u20131579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-023-01031-y","journal-title":"Int J of Soc Robot"},{"key":"1278_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schelble BG, Flathmann C, Macdonald JP, et al (2024) Modeling perceived information needs in human-AI teams: Improving AI teammate utility and driving team cognition. Behav Inf Technol 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2024.2396476","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2024.2396476"},{"key":"1278_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12052-024-00197-x","volume":"17","author":"MC Selba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Selba MC, Ziegler MJ, Townley AL, Antonenko PD (2024) Exploring teacher self-efficacy in human evolution instruction following a dynamic hands-on professional development workshop. Evol Educ Outreach 17:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12052-024-00197-x","journal-title":"Evol Educ Outreach"},{"key":"1278_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci13030272","volume":"13","author":"M Kalaitzidou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalaitzidou M, Pachidis TP (2023) Recent robots in STEAM education. Educ Sci 13:272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci13030272","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"key":"1278_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12389","DOI":"10.1149\/10701.12389ecst","volume":"107","author":"A Alam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alam A (2022) Social robots in education for long-term human-robot interaction: Socially supportive behaviour of robotic tutor for creating robo-tangible learning environment in a guided discovery learning interaction. ECS Trans 107:12389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1149\/10701.12389ecst","journal-title":"ECS Trans"},{"key":"1278_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-023-00260-y","volume":"10","author":"CC Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin CC, Huang AYQ, Oht L (2023) Artificial intelligence in intelligent tutoring systems toward sustainable education: A systematic review. Smart Learn Environ 10:1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40561-023-00260-y","journal-title":"Smart Learn Environ"},{"key":"1278_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence11100194","volume":"11","author":"D Dumitru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dumitru D, Halpern DF (2023) Critical thinking: Creating job-proof skills for the future of work. J Intell 11:194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence11100194","journal-title":"J Intell"},{"key":"1278_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-022-07292-5","volume":"48","author":"C Robledo-Castro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robledo-Castro C, Castillo-Ossa LF, Corchado JM (2022) Artificial cognitive systems applied in executive function stimulation and rehabilitation programs: A systematic review. Arab J Sci Eng 48:2399\u20132427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13369-022-07292-5","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"key":"1278_CR34","first-page":"24","volume":"2","author":"S Ghavifekr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghavifekr S, Razak AZA, Ghani MFA, et al (2014) ICT integration in education: Incorporation for teaching & learning improvement. Malays Online J Educ Technol 2:24\u201345","journal-title":"Malays Online J Educ Technol"},{"key":"1278_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203885345","volume-title":"Improving classroom learning with ICT","author":"R Sutherland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sutherland R, Robertson S, John P (2008) Improving classroom learning with ICT. Routledge, London"},{"key":"1278_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-018-0467-6","volume":"10","author":"T Belpaeme","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belpaeme T, Vogt P, Van Den Berghe R, et al (2018) Guidelines for designing social robots as second language tutors. Int J of Soc Robot 10:325\u2013341. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-018-0467-6","journal-title":"Int J of Soc Robot"},{"key":"1278_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.04.019","volume":"51","author":"M Komarraju","year":"2011","unstructured":"Komarraju M, Karau SJ, Schmeck RR, Avdic A (2011) The big five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement. Pers Individ Dif 51:472\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2011.04.019","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"1278_CR38","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez Gardu\u00f1o JI (2022) Tailored gamification platform based on artificial intelligence. Connected thermostats as a case study for saving energy in connected homes. Doctoral Thesis, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey"},{"key":"1278_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9812-5","volume-title":"Tailored gamification to educational technologies","author":"W Oliveira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oliveira W, Bittencourt II (2019) Tailored gamification to educational technologies. Springer Singapore, Singapore"},{"key":"1278_CR40","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez Hern\u00e1ndez A (2015) Dise\u00f1o de una arquitectura para la integraci\u00f3n de gamificaci\u00f3n de un proceso educativo sobre diferentes estilos de aprendizaje"},{"key":"1278_CR41","volume-title":"Scale development: Theory and applications","author":"RF DeVellis","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeVellis RF (2016) Scale development: Theory and applications. SAGE Publications"},{"key":"1278_CR42","unstructured":"Tencologico de Monterrey (2018) Modelo Educativo TEC 21"},{"key":"1278_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2013.08.001","volume":"38","author":"T Goetz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goetz T, L\u00fcdtke O, Nett UE, et al (2013) Characteristics of teaching and students\u2019 emotions in the classroom: Investigating differences across domains. Contemp Educ Psychol 38:383\u2013394. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2013.08.001","journal-title":"Contemp Educ Psychol"},{"key":"1278_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2021.1985501","volume":"56","author":"AC Frenzel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frenzel AC, Daniels L, Buri\u0107 I (2021) Teacher emotions in the classroom and their implications for students. Educ Psychol 56:250\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00461520.2021.1985501","journal-title":"Educ Psychol"},{"key":"1278_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-910X(14)70040-0","volume":"5","author":"EJ Duque Oliva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duque Oliva EJ, G\u00f3mez YD (2014) Evoluci\u00f3n conceptual de los modelos de medici\u00f3n de la percepci\u00f3n de calidad del servicio: Una mirada desde la educaci\u00f3n superior. Suma Neg 5:180\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-910X(14)70040-0","journal-title":"Suma Neg"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01278-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01278-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01278-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T22:38:28Z","timestamp":1757198308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01278-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01278-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}