{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:18:27Z","timestamp":1776111507736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-025-01305-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:22:39Z","timestamp":1764843759000},"page":"2501-2530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinicians\u2019 Opinions, Suggestions, and Concerns Using Social Robots in Psychological Practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2042-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruti","family":"Chandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Rasouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moojan","family":"Ghafurian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Dautenhahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1305_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022) World mental health report: transforming mental health for all"},{"key":"1305_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06917-z","volume":"21","author":"J Billings","year":"2021","unstructured":"Billings J, Ching BCF, Gkofa V, Greene T, Bloomfield M (2021) Experiences of frontline healthcare workers and their views about support during covid-19 and previous pandemics: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. BMC Health Serv Res 21:1\u201317","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08100-4","volume":"22","author":"JA Cordero-Guevara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cordero-Guevara JA, Parraza-D\u00edez N, Vrotsou K, Mach\u00f3n M, Orru No E, Onaindia-Ecenarro MJ, Millet-Sampedro M, Regalado de LosCobos J (2022) Factors associated with the workload of health professionals in hospital at home: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 22(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1305_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021) The impact of covid-19 on health and care workers: a closer look at deaths. Technical report, World Health Organization"},{"key":"1305_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100879","volume":"35","author":"K Prasad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prasad K, McLoughlin C, Stillman M, Poplau S, Goelz E, Taylor S, Nankivil N, Brown R, Linzer M, Cappelucci K et al (2021) Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among us healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey study. EClinicalMedicine 35:100879","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1305_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683388","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.683388","volume":"9","author":"F Rostami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rostami F, Babaei-Pouya A, Teimori-Boghsani G, Jahangirimehr A, Mehri Z, Feiz-Arefi M (2021) Mental workload and job satisfaction in healthcare workers: the moderating role of job control. Front Public Health 9:683388","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"709","key":"1305_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e634","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2020.1112","volume":"71","author":"M Wanat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wanat M, Hoste M, Gobat N, Anastasaki M, B\u00f6hmer F, Chlabicz S, Colliers A, Farrell K, Karkana M-N, Kinsman J et al (2021) Transformation of primary care during the covid-19 pandemic: experiences of healthcare professionals in eight European countries. Br J Gen Pract 71(709):e634\u2013e642","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29640-7","volume":"13","author":"G Manzano-Monfort","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manzano-Monfort G, Paluzie G, D\u00edaz-Geg\u00fandez M, Chabrera C (2023) Usability of a mobile application for health professionals in home care services: a user-centered approach. Sci Rep 13(1):2607","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1305_CR9","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health (2017) Technology and the future of mental health treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"1305_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.142612","volume":"206","author":"C Hollis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hollis C, Morriss R, Martin J, Amani S, Cotton R, Denis M, Lewis S (2015) Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution. Br J Psychiatry 206(4):263\u2013265","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1305_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30096-2","volume":"4","author":"JA Naslund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Araya R, Marsch LA, Un\u00fctzer J, Patel V, Bartels SJ (2017) Digital technology for treating and preventing mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries: a narrative review of the literature. Lancet Psychiatry 4(6):486\u2013500","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1305_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13322","DOI":"10.2196\/13322","volume":"21","author":"AA Scoglio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scoglio AA, Reilly ED, Gorman JA, Drebing CE (2019) Use of social robots in mental health and well-being research: systematic review. J Med Internet Res 21(7):e13322","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1305_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breazeal C, Dautenhahn K, Kanda T (2016) Social robotics 1935\u20131972","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_72"},{"key":"1305_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deublein A, Lugrin B (2020) (expressive) Social robot or tablet? On the benefits of embodiment and non-verbal expressivity of the interface for a smart environment. In: Persuasive Technology. Designing for Future Change: 15th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, Persuasive 2020, Aalborg, Denmark, April 20\u201323, 2020, Proceedings 15, Springer, pp 85\u201397","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45712-9_7"},{"key":"1305_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammer S, Kirchner K, Andr\u00e9 E, Lugrin B (2017) Touch or talk? Comparing social robots and tablet pcs for an elderly assistant recommender system. In: Proceedings of the Companion of the 2017 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp 129\u2013130","DOI":"10.1145\/3029798.3038419"},{"key":"1305_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidd CD, Breazeal C (2008) Robots at home: understanding long-term human-robot interaction. In: 2008 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, pp 3230\u20133235","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2008.4651113"},{"key":"1305_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luria M, Hoffman G, Zuckerman O (2017) Comparing social robot, screen and voice interfaces for smart-home control. In: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 580\u2013628","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025786"},{"key":"1305_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-018-0469-4","volume":"10","author":"S Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi S, Staffa M, Tamburro A (2018) Socially assistive robot for providing recommendations: comparing a humanoid robot with a mobile application. Int J Soc Robot 10:265\u2013278","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"4","key":"1305_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36094","DOI":"10.2196\/36094","volume":"9","author":"I Guemghar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guemghar I, Pires de Oliveira Padilha P, Abdel-Baki A, Jutras-Aswad D, Paquette J, Pomey M-P (2022) Social robot interventions in mental health care and their outcomes, barriers, and facilitators: scoping review. JMIR Ment Health 9(4):e36094","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"1305_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.07.001","volume":"35","author":"SM Rabbitt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rabbitt SM, Kazdin AE, Scassellati B (2015) Integrating socially assistive robotics into mental healthcare interventions: applications and recommendations for expanded use. Clin Psychol Rev 35:35\u201346","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1305_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casas JA, C\u00e9spedes N, Cifuentes CA, Gutierrez LF, Rinc\u00f3n-Roncancio M, M\u00fanera M (2019) Expectation vs. reality: attitudes towards a socially assistive robot in cardiac rehabilitation. Appl Sci 9(21)","DOI":"10.3390\/app9214651"},{"key":"1305_CR22","unstructured":"Bowens FM, Frye PA, Jones WA (2010) Health information technology: integration of clinical workflow into meaningful use of electronic health records. Perspect Health Inf Manag \/ AHIMA: Am Health Inf Management Assoc 7(Fall)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1305_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw145","volume":"24","author":"M Prgomet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prgomet M, Li L, Niazkhani Z, Georgiou A, Westbrook JI (2017) Impact of commercial computerized provider order entry (cpoe) and clinical decision support systems (cdsss) on medication errors, length of stay, and mortality in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Inf Assoc 24(2):413\u2013422","journal-title":"J Am Med Inf Assoc"},{"key":"1305_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moharana S, Panduro AE, Lee HR, Riek LD (2019) Robots for joy, robots for sorrow: community based robot design for dementia caregivers. In: 2019 14th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), IEEE, pp 458\u2013467","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2019.8673206"},{"issue":"2","key":"1305_CR25","first-page":"94","volume":"8","author":"J Broekens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Broekens J, Heerink M, Rosendal H et al (2009) Assistive social robots in elderly care: a review. Gerontechnology 8(2):94\u2013103","journal-title":"Gerontechnology"},{"key":"1305_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foster ME, Candelaria P, Dwyer LJ, Hudson S, Lindsay A, Nishat F, Pacquing M, Petrick R, Ramirez-Duque AA, Stinson J et al (2023) Co-design of a social robot for distraction in the paediatric emergency department","DOI":"10.1145\/3568294.3580127"},{"issue":"5","key":"1305_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2009.0171","volume":"16","author":"E Broadbent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Broadbent E, Kuo IH, Lee YI, Rabindran J, Kerse N, Stafford R, MacDonald BA (2010) Attitudes and reactions to a healthcare robot. Telemed e-Health 16(5):608\u2013613","journal-title":"Telemed e-Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1305_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00613-z","volume":"12","author":"S-C Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen S-C, Jones C, Moyle W (2020) Health professional and workers attitudes towards the use of social robots for older adults in long-term care. Int J Soc Robot 12(5):1135\u20131147","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1305_CR29","unstructured":"Cloutier E, Grondin C, L\u00e9vesque A (2018) Canadian survey on disability Canadian survey on disability, 2017: concepts and methods guide"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01566","volume":"40","author":"MM Doty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doty MM, Tikkanen RS, FitzGerald M, Fields K, Williams RD (2021) Income-related inequality in affordability and access to primary care in eleven high-income countries: study reports survey results on health status, socioeconomic risk factors, affordability, and access to primary care among adults in the us and ten other high-income countries. Health Aff 40(1):113\u2013120","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"1305_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021) Mental health atlas 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240036703"},{"key":"1305_CR32","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016) Global strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030"},{"issue":"3","key":"1305_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000122","volume":"48","author":"JH Lui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lui JH, Marcus DK, Barry CT (2017) Evidence-based apps? A review of mental health mobile applications in a psychotherapy context. Prof Psychol Res Pr 48(3):199","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1305_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1788740","volume":"31","author":"M Ewbank","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ewbank M, Cummins R, Tablan V, Catarino A, Buchholz S, Blackwell A (2021) Understanding the relationship between patient language and outcomes in internet-enabled cognitive behavioural therapy: a deep learning approach to automatic coding of session transcripts. Psychotherapy Res 31(3):300\u2013312","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Res"},{"key":"1305_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.03.045","volume":"85","author":"K Yokotani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yokotani K, Takagi G, Wakashima K (2018) Advantages of virtual agents over clinical psychologists during comprehensive mental health interviews using a mixed methods design. Comput Hum Behav 85:135\u2013145","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"1305_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108072","volume":"153","author":"S Rasouli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rasouli S, Ghafurian M, Nilsen ES, Dautenhahn K (2024) University students\u2019 opinions on using intelligent agents to cope with stress and anxiety in social situations. Comput Hum Behav 153:108072","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"1305_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghafurian M, Ellard C, Dautenhahn K (2021) Social companion robots to reduce isolation: a perception change due to covid-19. In: Human-Computer Interaction\u2013INTERACT 2021: 18th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Bari, Italy, August 30\u2013September 3, 2021, Proceedings, Part II 18, Springer, pp 43\u201363","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85616-8_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"1305_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2019.09.003","volume":"41","author":"HS Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang HS, Makimoto K, Konno R, Koh IS (2020) Review of outcome measures in paro robot intervention studies for dementia care. Geriatr Nurs 41(3):207\u2013214","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"1305_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1244-6","volume":"19","author":"L Hung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hung L, Liu C, Woldum E, Au-Yeung A, Berndt A, Wallsworth C, Horne N, Gregorio M, Mann J, Chaudhury H (2019) The benefits of and barriers to using a social robot paro in care settings: a scoping review. BMC Geriatrics 19:1\u201310","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"1305_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghafurian M, Hoey J, Dautenhahn K (2021) Social robots for the care of persons with dementia: a systematic review. J Hum -Robot Interact 10(4)","DOI":"10.1145\/3469653"},{"key":"1305_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahan K, N\u2019Kaoua B (2023) Prospective memory training using the nao robot in people with dementia. In: International Conference on Human and Artificial Rationalities, Springer, pp 281\u2013295","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55245-8_19"},{"key":"1305_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104530","volume":"145","author":"NLA Rashid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rashid NLA, Leow Y, Klainin-Yobas P, Itoh S, Wu VX (2023) The effectiveness of a therapeutic robot, \u2018paro\u2019, on behavioural and psychological symptoms, medication use, total sleep time and sociability in older adults with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 145:104530","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"1305_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269800","volume":"17","author":"A Kouroupa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kouroupa A, Laws KR, Irvine K, Mengoni SE, Baird A, Sharma S (2022) The use of social robots with children and young people on the autism spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 17(6):e0269800","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1305_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00563-6","volume":"13","author":"LJ Wood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wood LJ, Zaraki A, Robins B, Dautenhahn K (2021) Developing kaspar: a humanoid robot for children with autism. Int J Soc Robot 13:491\u2013508","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"4","key":"1305_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.20965\/jrm.2014.p0418","volume":"26","author":"T Shibata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shibata T, Coughlin JF (2014) Trends of robot therapy with neurological therapeutic seal robot, paro. J Rob Mechatron 26(4):418\u2013425","journal-title":"J Rob Mechatron"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12131","volume":"7","author":"H-C Sung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sung H-C, Chang S-M, Chin M-Y, Lee W-L (2015) Robot-assisted therapy for improving social interactions and activity participation among institutionalized older adults: a pilot study. Asia Pac Psychiatry 7(1):1\u20136","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1305_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13076","volume":"72","author":"N J\u00f8ranson","year":"2016","unstructured":"J\u00f8ranson N, Pedersen I, Rokstad AMM, Ihlebaek C (2016) Change in quality of life in older people with dementia participating in paro-activity: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Educ Chang Adv Nurs 72(12):3020\u20133033","journal-title":"J Educ Chang Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1305_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160703","volume":"55","author":"S Petersen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petersen S, Houston S, Qin H, Tague C, Studley J (2017) The utilization of robotic pets in dementia care. J Alzheimer\u2019s Disease 55(2):569\u2013574","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"1305_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610220000459","volume":"32","author":"S-C Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen S-C, Moyle W, Jones C, Petsky H (2020) A social robot intervention on depression, loneliness, and quality of life for Taiwanese older adults in long-term care. Int Psychogeriatr 32(8):981\u2013991","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"1305_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasuriya SS, Sitbon L, Brereton M, Koplick S (2019) How can social robots spark collaboration and engagement among people with intellectual disability? In: Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, pp 209\u2013220","DOI":"10.1145\/3369457.3370915"},{"issue":"10","key":"1305_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10101211","volume":"10","author":"MH Smakman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smakman MH, Smit K, Buser L, Monshouwer T, van Putten N, Trip T, Schoof C, Preciado DF, Konijn EA, van der Roest EM et al (2021) Mitigating children\u2019s pain and anxiety during blood draw using social robots. Electronics 10(10):1211","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"1305_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00e4nni KJ, Salin SE (2019) Attitudes of professionals toward the need for assistive and social robots in the healthcare sector. Social Robots: Technological, Societal and Ethical Aspects of Human-Robot Interaction, 205\u2013236","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17107-0_11"},{"issue":"11","key":"1305_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20046","DOI":"10.2196\/20046","volume":"23","author":"TS Busse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Busse TS, Kernebeck S, Nef L, Rebacz P, Kickbusch I, Ehlers JP (2021) Views on using social robots in professional caregiving: content analysis of a scenario method workshop. J Med Internet Res 23(11):e20046","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1305_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13203","DOI":"10.2196\/13203","volume":"21","author":"NL Robinson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robinson NL, Cottier TV, Kavanagh DJ (2019) Psychosocial health interventions by social robots: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Med Internet Res 21(5):e13203","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1305_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demange M, Lenoir H, Pino M, Cantegreil-Kallen I, Rigaud AS, Cristancho-Lacroix V (2018) Improving well-being in patients with major neurodegenerative disorders: differential efficacy of brief social robot-based intervention for 3 neuropsychiatric profiles. Clin Interv Aging 1303\u20131311","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S152561"},{"issue":"2","key":"1305_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301219894141","volume":"20","author":"L Hung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hung L, Gregorio M, Mann J, Wallsworth C, Horne N, Berndt A, Liu C, Woldum E, Au-Yeung A, Chaudhury H (2021) Exploring the perceptions of people with dementia about the social robot paro in a hospital setting. Dementia 20(2):485\u2013504","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"7","key":"1305_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.02.014","volume":"19","author":"C Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jones C, Moyle W, Murfield J, Draper B, Shum D, Beattie E, Thalib L (2018) Does cognitive impairment and agitation in dementia influence intervention effectiveness? Findings from a cluster-randomized-controlled trial with the therapeutic robot, paro. J Am Med Dir Assoc 19(7):623\u2013626","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"1305_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101633","volume":"78","author":"C Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu C, Sommerlad A, Sakure L, Livingston G (2022) Socially assistive robots for people with dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis of feasibility, acceptability and the effect on cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life. Ageing Res Rev 78:101633","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR59","first-page":"61","volume":"51","author":"M Goran Arbanas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goran Arbanas M (2015) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-5). Archiv Psychiatry Res 51(1):61","journal-title":"Archiv Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1305_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1456150","volume":"35","author":"T Franke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Franke T, Attig C, Wessel D (2019) A personal resource for technology interaction: development and validation of the affinity for technology interaction (ati) scale. Int J Multiling Hum\u2013Comput Interact 35(6):456\u2013467","journal-title":"Int J Multiling Hum\u2013Comput Interact"},{"issue":"6","key":"1305_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.06.006","volume":"29","author":"LD Rosen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosen LD, Whaling K, Carrier LM, Cheever NA, Rokkum J (2013) The media and technology usage and attitudes scale: an empirical investigation. Comput Hum Behav 29(6):2501\u20132511","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"1305_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ninomiya T, Fujita A, Suzuki D, Umemuro H (2015) Development of the multi-dimensional robot attitude scale: constructs of people\u2019s attitudes towards domestic robots. In: Social Robotics: 7th International Conferencre, ICSR 2015, Paris, France, October 26-30, 2015, Proceedings 7, Springer, pp 482\u2013491","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25554-5_48"},{"key":"1305_CR63","first-page":"322","volume-title":"Network architectures","author":"A Natarajan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Natarajan A, Motani M, de Silva B, Yap K, Chua KC (2007) Investigating network architectures for body sensor networks. In: Whitcomb G, Neece P (eds) Network architectures. Keleuven Press, Dayton, OH, pp 322\u2013328"},{"key":"1305_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666182","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.666182","volume":"12","author":"R Bono","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bono R, Alarc\u00f3n R, Blanca MJ (2021) Report quality of generalized linear mixed models in psychology: a systematic review. Front Phychol 12:666182","journal-title":"Front Phychol"},{"key":"1305_CR65","first-page":"222","volume":"3","author":"V Clarke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clarke V, Braun V, Hayfield N (2015) Thematic analysis. Qualitative Phychol: Pract Guide Res Meth 3:222\u2013248","journal-title":"Qualitative Phychol: Pract Guide Res Meth"},{"issue":"2","key":"1305_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Res Phychol 3(2):77\u2013101","journal-title":"Qualitative Res Phychol"},{"key":"1305_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0202-2","volume":"5","author":"J-J Cabibihan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cabibihan J-J, Javed H, Ang M, Aljunied SM (2013) Why robots? A survey on the roles and benefits of social robots in the therapy of children with autism. Int J Soc Robot 5:593\u2013618","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1305_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1645-2","volume":"43","author":"ES Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim ES, Berkovits LD, Bernier EP, Leyzberg D, Shic F, Paul R, Scassellati B (2013) Social robots as embedded reinforcers of social behavior in children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 43:1038\u20131049","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"1305_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091419","volume":"3","author":"J Hunsley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunsley J, Mash EJ (2007) Evidence-based assessment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 3:29\u201351","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1305_CR70","unstructured":"Hunsley J, Mash EJ (2020) The role of assessment in evidence-based practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"1305_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000447","volume":"53","author":"AJ Wright","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wright AJ, Pade H, Gottfried ED, Arbisi PA, McCord DM, Wygant DB (2022) Evidence-based clinical psychological assessment (ebcpa): review of current state of the literature and best practices. Prof Psychol Res Pr 53(4):372","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pr"},{"key":"1305_CR72","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders, clinician version (SCID-5-CV)","author":"MB First","year":"2016","unstructured":"First MB, Williams JBW, Karg RS, Spitzer RL (2016) Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders, clinician version (SCID-5-CV). American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"1305_CR73","first-page":"111","volume-title":"The American psychiatric press textbook of geriatric neuropsychiatry","author":"DL Sultzer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sultzer DL (1994) Mental status examination. In: Coffey CE, Cummings JL, Lovell MR, Pearlson GD (eds) The American psychiatric press textbook of geriatric neuropsychiatry. American Psychiatric Association, pp 111\u2013127"},{"issue":"3","key":"1305_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20147","volume":"13","author":"BA Arnow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnow BA, Steidtmann D (2014) Harnessing the potential of the therapeutic alliance. World Psychiatry 13(3):238","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1305_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2003.01131.x","volume":"37","author":"IM Howgego","year":"2003","unstructured":"Howgego IM, Yellowlees P, Owen C, Meldrum L, Dark F (2003) The therapeutic alliance: the key to effective patient outcome? A descriptive review of the evidence in community mental health case management. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 37(2):169\u2013183","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1305_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2009.00372.x","volume":"21","author":"CA Macneil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Macneil CA, Hasty MK, Evans M, Redlich C, Berk M (2009) The therapeutic alliance: is it necessary or sufficient to engender positive outcomes? Acta Neuropsychiatr 21(2):95\u201398","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"1305_CR77","unstructured":"Authier J (1977) The psychoeducation model: definition, contemporary roots and content. Can J Couns Psychother 12(1)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR78","first-page":"33","volume":"14","author":"D Bhattacharjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee D, Rai AK, Singh NK, Kumar P, Munda SK, Das B (2011) Psychoeducation: a measure to strengthen psychiatric treatment. Delhi Psychiatry J 14(1):33\u201339","journal-title":"Delhi Psychiatry J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1521\/pdps.2018.46.1.145","volume":"46","author":"FN Busch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Busch FN, Auchincloss EL (2018) The role of psychoeducation in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychodyn Psychiatry 46(1):145\u2013163","journal-title":"Psychodyn Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1305_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20160329-01","volume":"46","author":"SH Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho SH, Torres-Llenza V, Budnik K, Norris L (2016) The integral role of psychoeducation in clinical care. Psychiatric Ann 46(5):286\u2013292","journal-title":"Psychiatric Ann"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.152","volume":"218","author":"E Du Rietz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du Rietz E, Pettersson E, Brikell I, Ghirardi L, Chen Q, Hartman C, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Kuja-Halkola R (2021) Overlap between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders: separating unique from general psychopathology effects. Br J Psychiatry 218(1):35\u201342","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1305_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12629","volume":"72","author":"Y-N Hung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hung Y-N, Yang S-Y, Kuo C-J, Lin S-K (2018) Diagnostic consistency and interchangeability of schizophrenic disorders and bipolar disorders: a 7-year follow-up study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosciences 72(3):180\u2013188","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"1305_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01453-4","volume":"4","author":"RM French","year":"2000","unstructured":"French RM (2000) The turing test: the first 50 years. Trends Cognit Sci 4(3):115\u2013122","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"1305_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00270","volume":"2","author":"RB Ardito","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ardito RB, Rabellino D (2011) Therapeutic alliance and outcome of psychotherapy: historical excursus, measurements, and prospects for research. Front Phychol 2:270","journal-title":"Front Phychol"},{"key":"1305_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101921","volume":"82","author":"AL Baier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baier AL, Kline AC, Feeny NC (2020) Therapeutic alliance as a mediator of change: a systematic review and evaluation of research. Clin Psychol Rev 82:101921","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1305_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.4.561","volume":"61","author":"AO Horvath","year":"1993","unstructured":"Horvath AO, Luborsky L (1993) The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psych 61(4):561","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psych"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21035","volume":"22","author":"BE Wampold","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wampold BE, Fl\u00fcckiger C (2023) The alliance in mental health care: conceptualization, evidence and clinical applications. World Psychiatry 22(1):25\u201341","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"1305_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gou MS, Webb TL, Prescott T (2021) The effect of direct and extended contact on attitudes towards social robots. Heliyon 7(3)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06418"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4017\/gt.2017.16.1.003.00","volume":"16","author":"JM Beer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beer JM, Prakash A, Smarr C-A, Chen TL, Hawkins K, Nguyen H, Deyle T, Mitzner TL, Kemp CC, Rogers WA (2017) Older users\u2019 acceptance of an assistive robot: attitudinal changes following brief exposure. Gerontechnology: International Journal on the Fundamental Aspects of Technology to Serve the Ageing Society 16(1):21\u201336","journal-title":"Gerontechnology: International Journal on the Fundamental Aspects of Technology to Serve the Ageing Society"},{"key":"1305_CR90","unstructured":"Dinet J, Manukyan A, Rychalski M, Kumazaki H, Matsuura N, Yoshikawa Y (2024) Describing and predicting the acceptability of ai and robotics towards professional identity with the revised 4-a model. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Immersive Virtual Reality"},{"key":"1305_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-016-0372-9","volume":"8","author":"I Zubrycki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zubrycki I, Granosik G (2016) Understanding therapists\u2019 needs and attitudes towards robotic support. The roboterapia project. Int J Soc Robot 8:553\u2013563","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"5","key":"1305_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.36.5.544","volume":"36","author":"PA Rupert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rupert PA, Morgan DJ (2005) Work setting and burnout among professional psychologists. Prof Psychol Res Pr 36(5):544","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pr"},{"issue":"6","key":"1305_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000160","volume":"48","author":"KE Dorociak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dorociak KE, Rupert PA, Zahniser E (2017) Work life, well-being, and self-care across the professional lifespan of psychologists. Prof Psychol Res Pr 48(6):429","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1305_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(199001)27:1<64::AID-PITS2310270110>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"27","author":"EM Levinson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Levinson EM (1990) Actual\/Desired role functioning, perceived control over role functioning, and job satisfaction among school psychologists. Psychol Sch 27(1):64\u201374","journal-title":"Psychol Sch"},{"key":"1305_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan F, Blackburn J, Condon C, Bowland S, Lopez RP, Zhao X (2021) A social robot-based psycho-educational program to enhance Alzheimer\u2019s caregiver health. In: 2021 IEEE\/ACM Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), IEEE, pp 124\u2013125","DOI":"10.1109\/CHASE52844.2021.00027"},{"key":"1305_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00141","volume":"7","author":"M Pino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pino M, Boulay M, Jouen F, Rigaud A-S (2015) \u201cAre we ready for robots that care for us?\u201d attitudes and opinions of older adults toward socially assistive robots. Front Aging Neurosci 7:141","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"1305_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-010-9234-6","volume":"14","author":"A Sharkey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharkey A, Sharkey N (2012) Granny and the robots: ethical issues in robot care for the elderly. Ethics Inf Technol 14:27\u201340","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"1305_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-014-0229-z","volume":"6","author":"G Wolbring","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolbring G, Yumakulov S (2014) Social robots: views of staff of a disability service organization. Int J Soc Robot 6:457\u2013468","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01305-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01305-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01305-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T16:03:12Z","timestamp":1766073792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01305-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-025-01305-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. The study (#42732) was approved by the University of Waterloo Human Research Ethics Board. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Waterloo.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants to include the study results and participants\u2019 anonymous comments for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}