{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:06:05Z","timestamp":1777511165358,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007210","name":"RWTH Aachen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Soc Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-026-01378-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:52:25Z","timestamp":1772117545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intergroup Bias Towards Robots? Investigating the Effects of Social Categorisation, Ingroup Identification and the Country of Origin of Robots"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4184-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M. H.","family":"Abrams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ann-Sophie L.","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der","family":"P\u00fctten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1378_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0197-8","volume":"5","author":"D Kuchenbrandt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuchenbrandt D, Eyssel F, Bobinger S, Neufeld M (2013) When a robot\u2019s group membership matters. Int J Soc Robot 5(3):409\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-013-0197-8","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02082.x","volume":"51","author":"F Eyssel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eyssel F, Kuchenbrandt D (2012) Social categorization of social robots: anthropomorphism as a function of robot group membership. Br J Soc Phychol 51(4):724\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02082.x","journal-title":"Br J Soc Phychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1378_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420010202","volume":"1","author":"H Tajfel","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tajfel H, Billig MG, Bundy RP, Flament C (1971) Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. Eur J Soc Phychol 1(2):149\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2420010202","journal-title":"Eur J Soc Phychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1378_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167291175001","volume":"17","author":"MB Brewer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brewer MB (1991) The social self: on being the same and different at the same time. Personality Soc Phychol Bull 17(5):475\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167291175001","journal-title":"Personality Soc Phychol Bull"},{"key":"1378_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483328935.n4","volume-title":"Theories of Small groups: interdisciplinary perspectives","author":"D Abrams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abrams D, Hogg MA, Hinkle S, Otten S (2005) The social identity perspective on small groups. In: Poole MS, Hollingshead AB (eds) Theories of Small groups: interdisciplinary perspectives. SAGE, London, pp 99\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781483328935.n4"},{"key":"1378_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135109","volume":"53","author":"M Hewstone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hewstone M, Rubin M, Willis H (2002) Intergroup bias. Annu Rev Phychol 53:575\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135109","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.06.010","volume":"11","author":"S Otten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Otten S (2016) The minimal group paradigm and its maximal impact in research on social categorization. Curr Opin Phychol 11:85\u201389","journal-title":"Curr Opin Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuchenbrandt D, Eyssel F, Bobinger S, Neufeld M (2011) Minimal group - maximal effect? Evaluation and anthropomorphization of the humanoid robot nao. In: Mutlu B, Bartneck C, Ham J, Evers V, Kanda T (eds) Social robotics: third international conference, ICSR 2011, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, November 24-25, 2011. Proceedings. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 7072. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp 104\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-25504-5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25504-5"},{"key":"1378_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strohkorb Sebo S, Dong LL, Chang N, Scassellati B (2020) Strategies for the inclusion of human members within human-robot teams. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp 309\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3319502.3374808","DOI":"10.1145\/3319502.3374808"},{"key":"1378_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fraune MR, Nishiwaki Y, Sabanovi\u0107 S, Smith ER, Okada M (2017) Threatening flocks and mindful snowflakes. In: HRI (ed) HRI\u201917: proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction, IEEE, Vienna, Austria, Piscataway, NJ, 205\u2013213. March 6-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2909824.3020248","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020248"},{"issue":"3","key":"1378_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1075\/is.18043.fra","volume":"21","author":"MR Fraune","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fraune MR, \u0160abanovi\u0107 S, Smith ER (2020) Some are more equal than others. Interact Stud 21(3):303\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/is.18043.fra","journal-title":"Interact Stud"},{"key":"1378_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H\u00e4ring M, Kuchenbrandt D, Andr\u00e9 E (2014) Would you like to play with me? In: Sagerer G, Imai M, Belpaeme T, Thomaz A (eds) HRI\u2019 14: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, ACM, Bielefeld, Germany, New York, 9\u201316. March 3\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2559636.2559673","DOI":"10.1145\/2559636.2559673"},{"issue":"3","key":"1378_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.6.3.Deligianis","volume":"6","author":"C Deligianis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deligianis C, Stanton CJ, McGarty C, Stevens CJ (2017) The impact of intergroup bias on trust and approach behaviour towards a humanoid robot. J Hum Rob Interact 6(3):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5898\/JHRI.6.3.Deligianis","journal-title":"J Hum Rob Interact"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.177","volume":"4","author":"D Jong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jong D, Hortensius R, Hsieh T-Y, Cross ES (2021) Empathy and schadenfreude in human-robot teams. J Cognition 4(1):35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/joc.177","journal-title":"J Cognition"},{"key":"1378_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbah.2025.100136","volume":"4","author":"AMH Abrams","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abrams AMH, Plum L, der P\u00fctten R-V, Astrid M (2025) Teaming up with robots: analysing potential and challenges with healthcare workers and defining teamwork. Comput Human Behav Artif Hum 4:100136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbah.2025.100136","journal-title":"Artif Humans"},{"key":"1378_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106585","volume":"115","author":"N Savela","year":"2021","unstructured":"Savela N, Kaakinen M, Ellonen N, Oksanen A (2021) Sharing a work team with robots: the negative effect of robot co-workers on in-group identification with the work team. Comput Hum Behav 115:106585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106585","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.4.692","volume":"59","author":"SL Gaertner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gaertner SL, Mann JA, Dovidio JF, Murrell AJ, et al (1990) How does cooperation reduce intergroup bias? J Personality Soc Phychol 59(4):692\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.59.4.692","journal-title":"J Personality Soc Phychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1378_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430205051066","volume":"8","author":"RJ Crisp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Crisp RJ, Beck SR (2005) Reducing intergroup bias: the moderating role of ingroup identification. Group Processes Intergroup Relat 8(2):173\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1368430205051066","journal-title":"Group Processes Intergroup Relat"},{"key":"1378_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315804576","volume-title":"Reducing intergroup bias: the common ingroup identity model. Essays in social psychology","author":"SL Gaertner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gaertner SL, Dovidio JF (2014) Reducing intergroup bias: the common ingroup identity model. Essays in social psychology. Routledge, Taylor and Francis, Hoboken. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315804576"},{"issue":"6","key":"1378_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00642-z","volume":"12","author":"AMH Abrams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abrams AMH, der P\u00fctten, Astrid M (2020) Rosenthal-von: I\u2013c\u2013e framework: concepts for group dynamics research in human-robot interaction. Int J Soc Robot 12(6):1213\u20131229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-020-00642-z","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1378_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446249222.n45","volume-title":"Handbook of theories of social psychology","author":"N Ellemers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellemers N, Haslam SA (2012) Social identity theory. In: van Lange P, Kruglanski A, Higgins E (eds) Handbook of theories of social psychology. SAGE Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver\u2019s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom pp 379\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781446249222.n45"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.95.1.144","volume":"95","author":"CW Leach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leach CW, van Zomeren M, Zebel S, Vliek MLW, Pennekamp SF, Doosje B, Ouwerkerk JW, Spears R (2008) Group-level self-definition and self-investment: a hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. J Personality Soc Phychol 95(1):144\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.95.1.144","journal-title":"J Personality Soc Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jung MF, \u0160abanovi\u0107 S, Eyssel F, Fraune M (2017) Robots in groups and teams. In: Lee CP (ed) Companion of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ACM, New York, NY, 401\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3022198.3022659","DOI":"10.1145\/3022198.3022659"},{"key":"1378_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Correia F, Mascarenhas S, Prada R, Melo FS, Paiva A (2018) Group-based emotions in teams of humans and robots. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3171221.3171252","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171252"},{"key":"1378_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spatola N, Anier N, Redersdorff S, Ferrand L, Belletier C, Normand A, Huguet P (2019) National stereotypes and robots\u2019 perception: the \u201cmade in\u201d effect. Front Robot AI 6(21). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2019.00021","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2019.00021"},{"key":"1378_CR26","unstructured":"Bernotat J, Eyssel F, Sachse J (2017) Shape it \u2013 the influence of robot body shape on gender perception in robots. In: Kheddar A, Yoshida E, Ge SS, Suzuki K, Cabibihan J-J, Eyssel F, He H (eds) Social robotics: 9th international conference proceedings, ICSR. Tsukuba, Japan, pp 75\u201384. Springer, Cham. November 22\u201324. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70022-9_8"},{"issue":"3","key":"1378_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00562-7","volume":"13","author":"J Bernotat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bernotat J, Eyssel F, Sachse J (2021) The (fe)male robot: how robot body shape impacts first impressions and trust towards robots. Int J Soc Robot 13(3):477\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-019-00562-7","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"1378_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kotler P, Gertner D (2011) A place marketing and place branding perspective revisited. In: Destination brands. Elsevier, pp 33\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-08-096930-5.10003-5","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-08-096930-5.10003-5"},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"1378_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1108\/03090560610657903","volume":"40","author":"R Pappu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pappu R, Quester PG, Cooksey RW (2006) Consumer\u2013based brand equity and country\u2013of\u2013origin relationships. Eur J Marketin 40(5\/6):696\u2013717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/03090560610657903","journal-title":"Eur J Marketin"},{"key":"1378_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137340542_","volume-title":"Germany\u2019s economic renaissance: lessons for the United States","author":"J Ewing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ewing J (2015) A brief history of made in Germany. In: Ewing J (ed) Germany\u2019s economic renaissance: lessons for the United States. Palgrave Macmillan, [Place of publication not identified] pp 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/9781137340542_"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1378_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1362\/0267257012571465","volume":"17","author":"SL Lotz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lotz SL, Hu MY (2001) Diluting negative country of origin stereotypes: a social stereotype approach. J Mark Manag 17(1\u20132):105\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1362\/0267257012571465","journal-title":"J Mark Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"1378_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1108\/02683941011019357","volume":"25","author":"BB Baltes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baltes BB, Rudolph CW (2010) Examining the effect of negative Turkish stereotypes on evaluative workplace outcomes in Germany. J Managerial Phychol 25(2):148\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02683941011019357","journal-title":"J Managerial Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR33","unstructured":"Erens\u00fc S, Adanli Y (2004) Turkey in the eye of the beholder: tracking perceptions on Turkey through political cartoons, 10 edn. Kontur. https:\/\/scholar.google.de\/citations?user=iojudg0aaaaj%26hl=de%26oi=sra"},{"key":"1378_CR34","unstructured":"M\u00fcnz R, Seifert W, Ulrich R (1999) Zuwanderung Nach Deutschland: Strukturen, Wirkungen, Perspektiven, 2., aktualisierte und erweiterte auflage edn. Campus, Frankfurt am Main and New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8490398","volume":"18","author":"R Parameswaran","year":"1987","unstructured":"Parameswaran R, Yaprak A (1987) A cross-national comparison of consumer research measures. J Int Bus Stud 18(1):35\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8490398","journal-title":"J Int Bus Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"1378_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167202282001","volume":"28","author":"E Castano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Castano E, Yzerbyt V, Paladino M-P, Sacchi S (2002) I belong, therefore, i exist: ingroup identification, ingroup entitativity, and ingroup bias. Personality Soc Phychol Bull 28(2):135\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167202282001","journal-title":"Personality Soc Phychol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"1378_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/00224540309598468","volume":"143","author":"A Florack","year":"2003","unstructured":"Florack A, Piontkowski U, Rohmann A, Balzer T, Perzig S (2003) Perceived intergroup threat and attitudes of host community members toward immigrant acculturation. J Soc Phychol 143(5):633\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224540309598468","journal-title":"The J Soc Phychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1378_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.818","volume":"41","author":"ZP Hohman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hohman ZP, Hogg MA (2011) Fear and uncertainty in the face of death: the role of life after death in group identification. Eur J Soc Phychol 41(6):751\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.818","journal-title":"Eur J Soc Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kinket B, Verkuyten M (1999) Intergroup evaluations and social context: a multilevel approach. Eur J Soc Phychol 29(2\u20133):219\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199903\/05)29:2\/3%3C219::AID-EJSP925%3E3.0.CO;2-X","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199903\/05)29:2\/3%3C219::AID-EJSP925%3E3.0.CO;2-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"1378_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.54.3.271","volume":"54","author":"JS Phinney","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phinney JS, Ong AD (2007) Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: current status and future directions. J Couns Phychol 54(3):271\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0167.54.3.271","journal-title":"J Couns Phychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115045","volume":"65","author":"N Haslam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haslam N, Loughnan S (2014) Dehumanization and infrahumanization. Annu Rev Phychol 65(1):399\u2013423","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carpinella CM, Wyman AB, Perez MA, Stroessner SJ (2017) The robotic social attributes scale (rosas). In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2909824.3020208","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020208"},{"issue":"7","key":"1378_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.526","volume":"38","author":"N Kervyn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kervyn N, Yzerbyt VY, Demoulin S, Judd CM (2008) Competence and warmth in context: the compensatory nature of stereotypic views of national groups. Eur J Soc Phychol 38(7):1175\u20131183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.526","journal-title":"Eur J Soc Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838116","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.838116","volume":"9","author":"B Leichtmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leichtmann B, Nitsch V, Mara M (2022) Crisis ahead? why human-robot interaction user studies may have replicability problems and directions for improvement. Front Robot AI 9:838116","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00066.x","volume":"2","author":"MJ Hornsey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hornsey MJ (2008) Social identity theory and self\u2013categorization theory: a historical review. Soc Personality Phychol Compass 2(1):204\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00066.x","journal-title":"Soc Personality Phychol Compass"},{"key":"1378_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tmb0000002","volume-title":"Human\u2013robot interaction through the lens of social psychological theories of intergroup behavior. Technology, mind, and behavior 1(2)","author":"ER Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith ER, \u0160abanovi\u0107 S, Fraune MR (2021) Human\u2013robot interaction through the lens of social psychological theories of intergroup behavior. Technology, mind, and behavior 1(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tmb0000002"},{"key":"1378_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kahn PH, Reichert AL, Gary HE, Kanda T, Ishiguro H, Shen S, Ruckert JH, Gill B (2011) The new ontological category hypothesis in human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human-robot Interaction, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 159\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1957656.1957710","DOI":"10.1145\/1957656.1957710"},{"issue":"5","key":"1378_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028724","volume":"103","author":"S McFarland","year":"2012","unstructured":"McFarland S, Webb M, Brown D (2012) All humanity is my ingroup: a measure and studies of identification with all humanity. J Personality Soc Phychol 103(5):830\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0028724","journal-title":"J Personality Soc Phychol"},{"key":"1378_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.12.019","volume":"141","author":"K Hamer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamer K, McFarland S, Penczek M (2019) What lies beneath? predictors of identification with all humanity. Personality Individual Differences 141:258\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2018.12.019","journal-title":"Personality Individual Differences"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-026-01378-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12369-026-01378-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12369-026-01378-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:47:42Z","timestamp":1772722062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12369-026-01378-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-026-01378-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-4805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The studies were conducted guaranteeing respect for the participating volunteers and human dignity. We followed the national, EU and international ethical guidelines and conventions as laid down in the following documents: The Ethical guidelines of the German Psychological Association; The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU; Helsinki Declaration in its latest version. Specifically, participants gave informed consent prior to the study and were properly debriefed after completion of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"38"}}