{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:49:38Z","timestamp":1768697378246,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Transp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-009-0015-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]],"date-time":"2009-11-04T01:29:37Z","timestamp":1257298177000},"page":"233-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Congested multimodal transit network design"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Quentin K.","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong K.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"15_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-090X(94)00011-S","volume":"3","author":"MH Baaj","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baaj MH, Mahmassani HS (1995) Hybrid route generation heuristic algorithm for the design of transit networks. Transp Res Part C 3:31\u201350","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C"},{"key":"15_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2836-1","volume-title":"Practical bilevel optimization: algorithms and applications","author":"JF Bard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bard JF (1998) Practical bilevel optimization: algorithms and applications. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht"},{"key":"15_CR3","volume-title":"Discrete choice analysis: theory and application to travel demand","author":"M Ben-Akiva","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ben-Akiva M, Lerman SR (1985) Discrete choice analysis: theory and application to travel demand. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"15_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00187-2","volume":"104","author":"G Bruno","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bruno G, Ghiani G, Improt G (1998) A multi-modal approach to the location of a rapid transit line. Eur J Oper Res 104:321\u2013332","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"15_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2615(86)90047-0","volume":"20","author":"A Ceder","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ceder A, Wilson NHM (1986) Bus network design. Transp Res Part B 20:331\u2013344","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B"},{"key":"15_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10288-005-0071-0","volume":"3","author":"B Colson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Colson B, Marcotte P, Savard G (2005) Bilevel programming: a\u00a0survey. Q J Oper Res 3:87\u2013107","journal-title":"Q J Oper Res"},{"key":"15_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-8349(96)00008-3","volume":"4","author":"H Dufourd","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dufourd H, Gendreau M, Laporte G (1996) Locating a transit line using tabu search. Locat Sci 4:1\u201319","journal-title":"Locat Sci"},{"key":"15_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-2615(02)00005-X","volume":"37","author":"HK Lo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lo HK, Yip CW, Wan KH (2003a) Modeling transfer and nonlinear fare structure in multi-modal network. Transp Res Part B 37:149\u2013170","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B"},{"key":"15_CR9","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Advanced modeling for transit operations and service planning","author":"HK Lo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lo HK, Yip CW, Wan QK (2003b) Modeling competitive multi-modal transit services. In: Lam WHK, Bell MGH (eds) Advanced modeling for transit operations and service planning. Pergamon, Amsterdam, pp 231\u2013256"},{"key":"15_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2004.07.011","volume":"12","author":"HK Lo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lo HK, Yip CW, Wan QK (2004) Modeling competitive multi-modal transit services: a\u00a0nested logit approach. Transp Res Part C 12:251\u2013272","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C"},{"key":"15_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.18.1.1","volume":"18","author":"TL Magnanti","year":"1984","unstructured":"Magnanti TL, Wong RT (1984) Network design and transportation planning: models and algorithms. Transp Sci 18:1\u201355","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"key":"15_CR12","volume-title":"Microeconomic theory","author":"A Mas-Colell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mas-Colell A, Whinston MD, Green JR (1995) Microeconomic theory. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"15_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michaelis M, Sch\u00f6bel A (2009, to appear) Integrating line planning, timetabling, and vehicle scheduling: a customer-oriented heuristic. Public Transp. doi:10.1007\/s12469-009-0014-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-009-0014-9"},{"key":"15_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-2615(99)00029-6","volume":"34","author":"OA Nielsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nielsen OA (2000) A stochastic transit assignment model considering differences in passengers utility functions. Transp Res Part B 34:377\u2013402","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B"},{"key":"15_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(1998)124:4(368)","volume":"124","author":"SB Pattnaik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pattnaik SB, Mohan S, Tom VM (1998) Urban bus transit route network design using genetic algorithm. J\u00a0Transp Eng 124:368\u2013375","journal-title":"J\u00a0Transp Eng"},{"key":"15_CR16","unstructured":"Rea JC (1971) Designing urban transit systems: An approach to the route-technology selection problem. Report no. UMTA-URT-49(70)-71-6 by the Urban Transportation Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"},{"key":"15_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JMMA.0000020425.99217.cd","volume":"2","author":"QK Wan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wan QK, Lo HK (2003) A mixed integer formulation for multiple-route transit network design. J Math Model Algorithms 2:299\u2013308","journal-title":"J Math Model Algorithms"}],"container-title":["Public Transport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12469-009-0015-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12469-009-0015-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12469-009-0015-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12469-009-0015-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T09:49:10Z","timestamp":1619344150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12469-009-0015-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12469-009-0015-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-749X","1613-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-749X","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2009","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}