{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:19:41Z","timestamp":1785813581634,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regionale forskningsfond Agder","award":["309046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309046"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["872541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["872541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012704","name":"University of Agder","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Transp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small cities and towns often struggle to provide high-quality public transport services to daily commuters. This is reflected in the modal split, where the share of car users dominates. Such a problem requires a modern solution, where transport planners can verify the impact of potential transport network improvements on the travel behavior of the residents before the changes are actually deployed. This study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of employing an agent-based simulation tool in the decision process for redesigning an express service regional bus route connecting a network of small cities and towns. The model was initially developed as a Mobility as a Service simulation solution for suburban areas of European metropolises. The model is adapted and applied to a case study for the region of Agder, Norway, simulating the impact of nine different scenarios on the patronage of a specific bus route. The simulation model proposes to upgrade the classic agent structure to a persona profile designed specifically for the case study. The main objective of this research is to identify the scenario that maximizes patronage while minimizing total route travel time and additional costs. The results suggest that the proposed model can be successfully adapted from suburban metropolitan areas to the realities of the considered case study, and potentially other similar regions. Specifically, out of the nine proposed scenarios, the model identified four promising ones. One of the four scenarios also fits the cost constraints imposed by the transport provider. The model provides a solid approach for analyzing complex transport systems that are practically impossible to consider in detail if the analysis is done without computer support. Thus, the results can be used as a decision support system for public transport planning and operations in networks of small cities and towns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-024-00358-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T12:02:00Z","timestamp":1717416120000},"page":"583-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Agent-based decision-support model for bus route redesign in networks of small cities and towns: case study of Agder, Norway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinziana I.","family":"Rasca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Biesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Prandtstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"358_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3141\/2032-04","volume":"2032","author":"G Aifadopoulou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aifadopoulou G, Ziliaskopoulos A, Chrisohoou E (2007) Multiobjective optimum path algorithm for passenger pretrip planning in multimodal transportation networks. Transp Res Rec 2032(1):26\u201334","journal-title":"Transp Res Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iatssr.2020.02.001","volume":"44","author":"D Arias-Molinares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arias-Molinares D, Garc\u00eda-Palomares JC (2020) The Ws of MaaS: understanding mobility as a service from a literature review. IATSS Res 44(3):253\u2013263","journal-title":"IATSS Res"},{"key":"358_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2016.11.067","volume":"17","author":"I Athira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Athira I, Muneera C, Krishnamurthy K, Anjaneyulu M (2016) Estimation of value of travel time for work trips. Transport Res Procedia 17:116\u2013123","journal-title":"Transport Res Procedia"},{"key":"358_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bader R, Dees J, Geisberger R, Sanders P (2011) Alternative route graphs in road networks. In: International Conference on Theory and Practice of Algorithms in (Computer) Systems. Springer, pp 21\u201332","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19754-3_5"},{"key":"358_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.11.011","volume":"98","author":"M Balac","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balac M, Becker H, Ciari F, Axhausen KW (2019) Modeling competing free-floating carsharing operators\u2014a case study for Zurich, Switzerland. Transp Res Part C: Emerg Technol 98:101\u2013117","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C: Emerg Technol"},{"key":"358_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"504","author":"M Balmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Balmer M, Meister K, Rieser M, Nagel K, Axhausen KW (2008) Agent-based simulation of travel demand: structure and computational performance of MATSim-T. Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung 504:1\u201338","journal-title":"Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung"},{"key":"358_CR9","unstructured":"Bast H, Funke S, Matijevic D (2006) Transit ultrafast shortest-path queries with linear-time preprocessing. In: 9th DIMACS Implementation Challenge [1]"},{"key":"358_CR8","unstructured":"Bast H, Brodesser M, Storandt S (2013) Result diversity for multi-modal route planning. In: 13th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems"},{"key":"358_CR7","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Route planning in transportation networks, algorithm engineering","author":"H Bast","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bast H, Delling D, Goldberg A, M\u00fcller-Hannemann M, Pajor T, Sanders P, Wagner D, Werneck RF (2016) Route planning in transportation networks, algorithm engineering. Springer, Berlin, pp 19\u201380"},{"key":"358_CR10","first-page":"228","volume":"131","author":"H Becker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becker H, Balac M, Ciari F, Axhausen KW (2020) Assessing the welfare impacts of Shared Mobility and Mobility as a Service (MaaS). Transport Res Part A: Policy Pract 131:228\u2013243","journal-title":"Transport Res Part A: Policy Pract"},{"key":"358_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2020.102233","volume":"108","author":"G Ben-Dor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ben-Dor G, Ben-Elia E, Benenson I (2021) Population downscaling in multi-agent transportation simulations: a review and case study. Simul Model Pract Theory 108:102233","journal-title":"Simul Model Pract Theory"},{"key":"358_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger A, Grimmer M, M\u00fcller-Hannemann M (2010) Fully dynamic speed-up techniques for multi-criteria shortest path searches in time-dependent networks. In: International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms. Springer, pp 35\u201346","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13193-6_4"},{"key":"358_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botea A (2011) Ultra-fast optimal pathfinding without runtime search. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, vol 6","DOI":"10.1609\/aiide.v7i1.12443"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.60","volume":"38","author":"J Brickey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brickey J, Walczak S, Burgess T (2011) Comparing semi-automated clustering methods for persona development. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 38(3):537\u2013546","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-014-0092-1","volume":"6","author":"O Cats","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cats O, Rufi FM, Koutsopoulos HN (2014) Optimizing the number and location of time point stops. Public Transport 6(3):215\u2013235","journal-title":"Public Transport"},{"key":"358_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010certick\u1ef3 M, Drchal J, Cuch\u1ef3 M, Jakob M (2015) Fully agent-based simulation model of multimodal mobility in European cities. In: 2015 International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). IEEE, pp 229\u2013236","DOI":"10.1109\/MTITS.2015.7223261"},{"key":"358_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapman CN, Milham RP (2006) The personas\u2019 new clothes: methodological and practical arguments against a popular method. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, vol 50. SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA, pp 634\u2013636","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000503"},{"key":"358_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.04.005","volume":"68","author":"C Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen C, Ma J, Susilo Y, Liu Y, Wang M (2016) The promises of big data and small data for travel behavior (aka human mobility) analysis. Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol 68:285\u2013299","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol"},{"key":"358_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.04.014","volume":"88","author":"S Chng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chng S, White M, Abraham C, Skippon S (2016) Commuting and wellbeing in London: the roles of commute mode and local public transport connectivity. Prev Med 88:182\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.04.014","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"358_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.03.078","volume":"184","author":"C Cisterna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cisterna C, Giorgione G, Viti F (2021) Explorative analysis of potential MaaS customers: an agent-based scenario. Procedia Comput Sci 184:629\u2013634","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"358_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.1110.0448","volume":"24","author":"D Delling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delling D, Nannicini G (2012) Core routing on dynamic time-dependent road networks. INFORMS J Comput 24(2):187\u2013201","journal-title":"INFORMS J Comput"},{"key":"358_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delling D, Wagner D (2009) Pareto paths with SHARC. In: International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms. Springer, pp 125\u2013136","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02011-7_13"},{"key":"358_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delling D, Dibbelt J, Pajor T, Wagner D, Werneck RF (2013) Computing multimodal journeys in practice. In: International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms. Springer, pp 260\u2013271","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38527-8_24"},{"key":"358_CR01","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01386390","volume":"1","author":"EW Dijkstra","year":"1959","unstructured":"Dijkstra EW (1959) A note on two problems in connection with graphs.\nNumeriche Mathematik 1:269\u2013271","journal-title":"Numeriche Mathematik"},{"key":"358_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2017.06.015","volume":"104","author":"S Djavadian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Djavadian S, Chow JY (2017) An agent-based day-to-day adjustment process for modeling \u2018Mobility as a Service\u2019 with a two-sided flexible transport market. Transport Res Part B: Methodol 104:36\u201357","journal-title":"Transport Res Part B: Methodol"},{"key":"358_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.03.039","volume":"57","author":"C Fikar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fikar C, Gronalt M, Hirsch P (2016) A decision support system for coordinated disaster relief distribution. Expert Syst Appl 57:104\u2013116","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"358_CR26","unstructured":"Fl\u00fcgel S, Askill Halse H, Hulleberg N, Jordbakke GN, Veisten K, Sundf\u00f8r HB, Kouwenhoven M (2020) Value of travel time and related factors\u2014Technical report, the Norwegian valuation study 2018-2020. Technical Report 1762\/2020, Institute of Transport Economics (T\u00d8I)"},{"key":"358_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.12.017","volume":"76","author":"C Frei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frei C, Hyland M, Mahmassani HS (2017) Flexing service schedules: assessing the potential for demand-adaptive hybrid transit via a stated preference approach. Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol 76:71\u201389","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol"},{"key":"358_CR28","volume-title":"Handbook of metaheuristics","author":"FW Glover","year":"2006","unstructured":"Glover FW, Kochenberger GA (2006) Handbook of metaheuristics, vol 57. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin"},{"key":"358_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez de Heredia A, Goodman-Deane J, Waller S, Clarkson PJ, Justel D, Iriarte I, Hern\u00e1ndez J et al. (2018) Personas for policy-making and healthcare design. In: DS 92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference, pp 2645\u20132656","DOI":"10.21278\/idc.2018.0438"},{"issue":"8","key":"358_CR30","first-page":"153","volume":"2020","author":"A Graser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graser A, Widhalm P, Dragaschnig M (2020) Extracting patterns from large movement datasets. GI Forum 2020(8):153\u2013163","journal-title":"GI Forum"},{"key":"358_CR31","unstructured":"Grether D, Kickh\u00f6fer B, Nagel K (2009) Policy evaluation in multi-agent transport simulations considering income-dependent user preferences. In: Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the International Association for Travel Behaviour Research (IATBR), Jaipur, India, pp 09\u201313"},{"key":"358_CR32","first-page":"144","volume":"2","author":"J Grudin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grudin J, Pruitt J (2002) Personas, participatory design and product development: an infrastructure for engagement. Proc PDC 2:144\u2013152","journal-title":"Proc PDC"},{"key":"358_CR33","first-page":"147","volume":"141","author":"J Ha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ha J, Lee S, Ko J (2020) Unraveling the impact of travel time, cost, and transit burdens on commute mode choice for different income and age groups. Transport Res Part A: Policy Pract 141:147\u2013166","journal-title":"Transport Res Part A: Policy Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-021-00281-1","volume":"14","author":"J Hansson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hansson J, Pettersson-L\u00f6fstedt F, Svensson H, Wretstrand A (2022) Effects of rural bus stops on travel time and reliability. Public Transport 14(3):683\u2013704","journal-title":"Public Transport"},{"issue":"2","key":"358_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2013.04.009","volume":"5","author":"S Haustein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haustein S, Hunecke M (2013) Identifying target groups for environmentally sustainable transport: assessment of different segmentation approaches. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 5(2):197\u2013204","journal-title":"Curr Opin Environ Sustain"},{"issue":"2","key":"358_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-019-00208-x","volume":"11","author":"P Heyken Soares","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heyken Soares P, Mumford CL, Amponsah K, Mao Y (2019) An adaptive scaled network for public transport route optimisation. Public Transport 11(2):379\u2013412","journal-title":"Public Transport"},{"key":"358_CR38","unstructured":"H\u00f6rl S, Bala\u0107 M (2020) Reproducible scenarios for agent-based transport simulation: a case study for Paris and \u00eele-de-France"},{"key":"358_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.04.087","volume":"130","author":"S H\u00f6rl","year":"2018","unstructured":"H\u00f6rl S, Balac M, Axhausen KW (2018) A first look at bridging discrete choice modeling and agent-based microsimulation in MATSim. Procedia Comput Sci 130:900\u2013907","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"358_CR39","first-page":"160","volume":"2013","author":"S H\u00f6rold","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00f6rold S, Mayas C, Kr\u00f6mker H (2013) User-oriented information systems in public transport. Contemp Ergon Hum Factors 2013:160\u2013167","journal-title":"Contemp Ergon Hum Factors"},{"issue":"7","key":"358_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1080\/03081060.2014.935570","volume":"37","author":"L J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2014","unstructured":"J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1 L, Slav\u00edk J, Koh\u00e1ni M (2014) Estimation of a route choice model for urban public transport using smart card data. Transp Plan Technol 37(7):638\u2013648","journal-title":"Transp Plan Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"358_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-014-9533-6","volume":"42","author":"I Kaddoura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaddoura I, Kickh\u00f6fer B, Neumann A, Tirachini A (2015) Agent-based optimisation of public transport supply and pricing: impacts of activity scheduling decisions and simulation randomness. Transportation 42(6):1039\u20131061","journal-title":"Transportation"},{"key":"358_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.03.041","volume":"201","author":"GO Kagho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kagho GO, Meli J, Walser D, Balac M (2022) Effects of population sampling on agent-based transport simulation of on-demand services. Procedia Comput Sci 201:305\u2013312","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"358_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong P, Cornet H, Frenkler F (2018) Personas and emotional design for public service robots: a case study with autonomous vehicles in public transportation. In: 2018 international conference on cyberworlds (cw). IEEE, pp 284\u2013287","DOI":"10.1109\/CW.2018.00058"},{"key":"358_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2015.06.011","volume":"46","author":"LY Le Loo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Loo LY, Corcoran J, Mateo-Babiano D, Zahnow R (2015) Transport mode choice in South East Asia: investigating the relationship between transport users\u2019 perception and travel behaviour in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. J Transp Geogr 46:99\u2013111","journal-title":"J Transp Geogr"},{"key":"358_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.03.068","volume":"170","author":"N Leng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leng N, Corman F (2020) How the issue time of information affects passengers in public transport disruptions: an agent-based simulation approach. Procedia Comput Sci 170:382\u2013389","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"358_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.3390\/su12104117","volume":"12","author":"S Liyanage","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liyanage S, Dia H (2020) An agent-based simulation approach for evaluating the performance of on-demand bus services. Sustainability 12(10):4117","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"358_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.04.106","volume":"151","author":"C Llorca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Llorca C, Moeckel R (2019) Effects of scaling down the population for agent-based traffic simulations. Procedia Comput Sci 151:782\u2013787","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"358_CR48","first-page":"43","volume":"3","author":"M L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez M, Dubois-Lacoste J, C\u00e1ceres LP, Birattari M, St\u00fctzle T (2016) The irace package: iterated racing for automatic algorithm configuration. Oper Res Perspect 3:43\u201358","journal-title":"Oper Res Perspect"},{"key":"358_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2019.03.008","volume":"76","author":"L Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma L, Ye R (2019) Does daily commuting behavior matter to employee productivity? J Transp Geogr 76:130\u2013141","journal-title":"J Transp Geogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2010.3","volume":"4","author":"C Macal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Macal C, North M (2010) Tutorial on agent-based modelling and simulation. J Simul 4(3):151\u2013162","journal-title":"J Simul"},{"key":"358_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2020.05.018","volume":"137","author":"P Manser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manser P, Becker H, H\u00f6rl S, Axhausen KW (2020) Designing a large-scale public transport network using agent-based microsimulation. Transport Res Part A: Policy Pract 137:1\u201315","journal-title":"Transport Res Part A: Policy Pract"},{"key":"358_CR52","unstructured":"Markvica K, Millonig A, Rudloff C (2017) Introducing additional low emission mobility offers in a well connected area: Challenges and opportunities. In: REAL CORP 2017\u2013PANTA RHEI\u2013A World in Constant Motion. Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society, pp 309\u2013318"},{"key":"358_CR53","unstructured":"MATSim (2021) https:\/\/www.matsim.org\/. Accessed: 29 Sep 2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"358_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2011.03.003","volume":"32","author":"T Miaskiewicz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miaskiewicz T, Kozar KA (2011) Personas and user-centered design: How can personas benefit product design processes? Des Stud 32(5):417\u2013430","journal-title":"Des Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00376-7","volume":"111","author":"P Modesti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Modesti P, Sciomachen A (1998) A utility measure for finding multiobjective shortest paths in urban multimodal transportation networks. Eur J Oper Res 111(3):495\u2013508","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"358_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2017.12.029","volume":"27","author":"J Narayan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Narayan J, Cats O, van Oort N, Hoogendoorn S (2017) Performance assessment of fixed and flexible public transport in a multi agent simulation framework. Transport Res Procedia 27:109\u2013116","journal-title":"Transport Res Procedia"},{"key":"358_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.11.005","volume":"43","author":"P Nitsche","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nitsche P, Widhalm P, Breuss S, Br\u00e4ndle N, Maurer P (2014) Supporting large-scale travel surveys with smartphones\u2014a practical approach. Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol 43:212\u2013221","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol"},{"key":"358_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira L, Bradley C, Birrell S, Tinworth N, Davies A, Cain R (2017) Using passenger personas to design technological innovation for the rail industry. In: First International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems. Springer, pp 67\u201375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93710-6_8"},{"key":"358_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2016.11.014","volume":"59","author":"SB Othman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Othman SB, Zgaya H, Dotoli M, Hammadi S (2017) An agent-based decision support system for resources\u2019 scheduling in emergency supply chains. Control Eng Pract 59:27\u201343","journal-title":"Control Eng Pract"},{"key":"358_CR60","unstructured":"Pfeifer M, Lindinger C, Naveau N (2019) Berufe der Zukunft in einer automatisierten Mobilit\u00e4tsumgebung. Technical report, KFV Sicher Leben"},{"key":"358_CR61","unstructured":"Prandtstetter M, Seragiotto C, Straub M, Magoutas B, Bothos E, Bradesko L (2020) Providing intermodal route alternatives. In: Proceedings of 7th Transport Research Arena TRA 2018"},{"key":"358_CR62","unstructured":"PTVGroup (2021) Ptv visum. https:\/\/www.ptvgroup.com\/en\/solutions\/products\/ptv-visum\/. Accessed: 29 Sep 2021"},{"key":"358_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasca S (2022) Numerical estimation of travel mode preferences for agents in agent-based simulations. In: 2022 Smart City Symposium Prague (SCSP). IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/SCSP54748.2022.9792570"},{"key":"358_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2022.03.007","volume":"28","author":"S Rasca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rasca S, Saeed N (2022) Exploring the factors influencing the use of public transport by commuters living in networks of small cities and towns. Travel Behav Soc 28:249\u2013263","journal-title":"Travel Behav Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.multra.2023.100095","volume":"2","author":"SI Rasca","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasca SI, Markvica K, Biesinger B (2023) Persona design methodology for work-commute travel behaviour using latent class cluster analysis. Multimodal Transport 2(4):100095","journal-title":"Multimodal Transport"},{"key":"358_CR66","unstructured":"Raust\u00f8l J (2013) Value of travel time savings\u2014estimates on Norwegian cyclists. Master\u2019s thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og\nteknologiledelse, Institutt for samfunnsokonomi"},{"key":"358_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.06.020","volume":"50","author":"I Roche-Cerasi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roche-Cerasi I, Rundmo T, Sigurdson JF, Moe D (2013) Transport mode preferences, risk perception and worry in a Norwegian urban population. Accident Anal Prev 50:698\u2013704","journal-title":"Accident Anal Prev"},{"key":"358_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen J, Guan K, Jung SG, Chowdhury SA, Jansen BJ (2020) A literature review of quantitative persona creation. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 1\u201314","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376502"},{"key":"358_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen J, Wenyun Guan K, Jung SG, Jansen B (2022) Use cases for design personas: a systematic review and new frontiers. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 1\u201321","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517589"},{"key":"358_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schafer A (2012) Introducing behavioral change in transportation into energy\/economy\/environment models. Technical Report 6234, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-6234"},{"key":"358_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schultes D, Sanders P (2007) Dynamic highway-node routing. In: International Workshop on Experimental and Efficient Algorithms. Springer, pp 66\u201379","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72845-0_6"},{"issue":"2","key":"358_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(01)00139-7","volume":"33","author":"JP Shim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shim JP, Warkentin M, Courtney JF, Power DJ, Sharda R, Carlsson C (2002) Past, present, and future of decision support technology. Decis Support Syst 33(2):111\u2013126","journal-title":"Decis Support Syst"},{"key":"358_CR73","first-page":"10","volume":"4","author":"R \u0160perka","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u0160perka R, Slaninov\u00e1 K (2012) The usability of agent-based simulation in decision support system of e-commerce architecture. IJ Inform Eng Electron Bus 4:10\u201317","journal-title":"IJ Inform Eng Electron Bus"},{"key":"358_CR74","unstructured":"Statista (2020) Distribution of passenger-kilometers travelled by land in Norway in 2018*, by mode of transport. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/449477\/norway-modal-split-of-passenger-transport-on-land\/. Accessed: 10 Dec 2020"},{"key":"358_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rtbm.2020.100546","volume":"40","author":"A T\u00f8nnesen","year":"2021","unstructured":"T\u00f8nnesen A, Knapskog M, Uteng TP, \u00d8ksenholt KV (2021) The integration of active travel and public transport in Norwegian policy packages: a study on \u2018access, egress and transfer\u2019 and their positioning in two multilevel contractual agreements. Res Transport Bus Manag 40:100546","journal-title":"Res Transport Bus Manag"},{"key":"358_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2020.102513","volume":"117","author":"F Vallet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vallet F, Puchinger J, Millonig A, Lam\u00e9 G, Nicola\u00ef I (2020) Tangible futures: combining scenario thinking and personas\u2014a pilot study on urban mobility. Futures 117:102513","journal-title":"Futures"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/15568318.2018.1466220","volume":"13","author":"G Venturini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venturini G, Tattini J, Mulholland E, Gallach\u00f3ir B\u00d3 (2019) Improvements in the representation of behavior in integrated energy and transport models. Int J Sustain Transp 13(4):294\u2013313","journal-title":"Int J Sustain Transp"},{"key":"358_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470168066","volume-title":"Urban transit systems and technology","author":"VR Vuchic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vuchic VR (2007) Urban transit systems and technology. Wiley, Hoboken"}],"container-title":["Public Transport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12469-024-00358-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12469-024-00358-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12469-024-00358-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T07:31:17Z","timestamp":1723620677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12469-024-00358-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12469-024-00358-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-749X","1613-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-749X","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}