{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:11:50Z","timestamp":1777129910120,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004115","name":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electron Markets"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Predictive maintenance (PdM) is an important application of the Internet of Things (IoT) discussed in many companies, especially in the manufacturing industry. PdM uses data, usually sensor data, to optimize maintenance activities. We develop a taxonomy to classify PdM business models that enables a comparison and analysis of such models. We use our taxonomy to classify the business models of 113 companies. Based on this classification, we identify six archetypes using cluster analysis and discuss the results. The \u201chardware development\u201d, \u201canalytics provider\u201d, and \u201call-in-one\u201d archetypes are the most frequently represented in the study sample. For cluster analysis, we use a visualization technique that involves an autoencoder. The results of our analysis will help practitioners assess their own business models and those of other companies. Business models can be better differentiated by considering the different levels of IoT architecture, which is also an important implication for further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-020-00440-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T13:04:20Z","timestamp":1603112660000},"page":"67-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Predictive maintenance as an internet of things enabled business model: A taxonomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8065-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Passlick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Dreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Olivotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Gr\u00fctzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Eilers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Breitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"440_CR1","volume-title":"Internet business models and strategies: Text and cases","author":"A Afuah","year":"2001","unstructured":"Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. L. (2001). Internet business models and strategies: Text and cases. New York: MacGraw-Hill\/Irwin."},{"key":"440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aivaliotis, P., Georgoulias, K., & Chryssolouris, G. (2017). A RUL calculation approach based on physical-based simulation models for predictive maintenance. Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation, Madeira, Portugal, June 25-28 (pp. 1243\u20131246). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ice.2017.8280022.","DOI":"10.1109\/ice.2017.8280022"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/713765630","volume":"11","author":"R Alt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alt, R., & Zimmermann, H. D. (2001). Preface: Introduction to special section\u2013business models. Electronic Markets, 11(1), 3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/713765630","journal-title":"Electronic Markets"},{"key":"440_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16491-0","volume-title":"Multivariate Analysemethoden: Eine anwendungsorientierte Einf\u00fchrung","author":"K Backhaus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Backhaus, K., Erichson, B., Plinke, W., & Weiber, R. (2011). Multivariate Analysemethoden: Eine anwendungsorientierte Einf\u00fchrung. Germany, Springer: Berlin\/Heidelberg."},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.06.293","volume":"48","author":"R Baidya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baidya, R., & Ghosh, S. K. (2015). Model for a predictive maintenance system effectiveness using the analytical hierarchy process as analytical tool. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 1463\u20131468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.06.293","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00156457","volume":"18","author":"KD Bailey","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bailey, K. D. (1984). A three-level measurement model. Quality and Quantity, 18(3), 225\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00156457","journal-title":"Quality and Quantity"},{"issue":"8","key":"440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1996.130","volume":"47","author":"F Barbera","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barbera, F., Schneider, H., & Kelle, P. (1996). A condition based maintenance model with exponential failures and fixed inspection intervals. Journal of the Operational research Society, 47(8), 1037\u20131045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jors.1996.130","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational research Society"},{"key":"440_CR8","unstructured":"Bock, M., Wiener, M. (2017). Towards a taxonomy of digital business models \u2013 Conceptual dimensions and empirical illustrations. Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Information Systems, Seoul, South Korea."},{"key":"440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borgi, T., Hidri, A., Neef, B., & Naceur, M. S. (2017). Data analytics for predictive maintenance of industrial robots. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Systems and Electric Technologies,\u00a0Hammamet, Tunisia,\u00a0(pp. 412\u2013417). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/aset.2017.7983729.","DOI":"10.1109\/aset.2017.7983729"},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2202\/1446-9022.1112","volume":"6","author":"E Brousseau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brousseau, E., & P\u00e9nard, T. (2007). The economics of digital business models: A framework for analyzing the economics of platforms. Review of Network Economics, 6(2), 81\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2202\/1446-9022.1112","journal-title":"Review of Network Economics"},{"key":"440_CR11","unstructured":"BSI (British Standards Institution) (2010). Maintenance \u2013 Maintenance terminology. BS en 13306:2010. Milton Keynes, BSI."},{"key":"440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cachada, A., Barbosa, J., Leit\u00f1o, P., Gcraldcs, C. A., Deusdado, L., Costa, J., Teixeira, C., Teixeira, J., Moreira, A. H. J., Moreira, P. M., & Romero, L. (2018). Maintenance 4.0: Intelligent and predictive maintenance system architecture. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Torino, Italy, (pp. 139\u2013146).\u00a0","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2018.8502489"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1013-4","volume":"67","author":"M Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, M. (2013). Towards smart city: M2M communications with software agent intelligence. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 67(1), 167\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-012-1013-4","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/s0925-5273(98)00004-8","volume":"54","author":"C Chu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chu, C., Proth, J. M., & Wolff, P. (1998). Predictive maintenance: The one-unit replacement model. International Journal of Production Economics, 54(3), 285\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0925-5273(98)00004-8","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"440_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daily, J., & Peterson, J. (2017). Predictive maintenance: How big data analysis can improve maintenance. In K. Richter & J. Walther (Eds.), Supply Chain Integration Challenges in Commercial Aerospace (pp. 267\u2013278). Cham: Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-46155-7_18.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46155-7_18"},{"key":"440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Darwanto, D., Hamdani, D., Hariyanto, D. D., & Karyawan, O. H. (2012). Partial discharge analysis for predictive maintenance of generator of geothermal power plant. Proceedings of the International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Bali, Indonesia (pp. 740\u2013743). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cmd.2012.6416252.","DOI":"10.1109\/cmd.2012.6416252"},{"issue":"6","key":"440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2015.07.008","volume":"35","author":"RM Dijkman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dijkman, R. M., Sprenkels, B., Peeters, T., & Janssen, A. (2015). Business models for the Internet of Things. International Journal of Information Management, 35(6), 672\u2013678.","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"440_CR18","unstructured":"Eickhoff, M., Muntermann, J., & Weinrich, T. (2017). What do FinTechs actually do? A taxonomy of FinTech business models. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, Seoul, South Korea.\u00a0"},{"key":"440_CR19","unstructured":"Engelbrecht, A., Gerlach, J., & Widjaja, T. (2016). Understanding the anatomy of data-driven business models \u2013 towards an empirical taxonomy. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth European Conference on Information Systems, Istanbul, Turkey.\u00a0"},{"issue":"5","key":"440_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619","volume":"76","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fleiss, J. L. (1971). Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 378\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0031619","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"440_CR21","unstructured":"Gerloff, C., Cleophas, C. (2017). Excavating the treasure of IoT data: An architecture to empower rapid data analytics for predictive maintenance of connected vehicles. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, Seoul, South Korea."},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-017-0275-0","volume":"28","author":"H Gimpel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gimpel, H., Rau, D., & R\u00f6glinger, M. (2017). Understanding FinTech start-ups \u2013 a taxonomy of consumer-oriented service offerings. Electronic Markets, 28(3), 245\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-017-0275-0","journal-title":"Electronic Markets"},{"issue":"4","key":"440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/52.391837","volume":"12","author":"RL Glass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glass, R. L., & Vessey, I. (1995). Contemporary application-domain taxonomies. IEEE Software, 12(4), 63\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/52.391837","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2307\/25148742","volume":"30","author":"S Gregor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gregor, S. (2006). The nature of theory in information systems. MIS Quaterly, 30(3), 611\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/25148742","journal-title":"MIS Quaterly"},{"key":"440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groba, C., Cech, S., Rosenthal, F., & Gossling, A. (2007). Architecture of a predictive maintenance framework. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, Elk, Poland (pp. 59\u201364).\u00a0","DOI":"10.1109\/CISIM.2007.14"},{"issue":"10","key":"440_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1108\/ijopm-02-2014-0098","volume":"36","author":"PM Hartmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hartmann, P. M., Zaki, M., Feldmann, N., & Neely, A. (2016). Capturing value from big data \u2013 a taxonomy of data-driven business models used by start-up firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 36(10), 1382\u20131406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijopm-02-2014-0098","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations & Production Management"},{"key":"440_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herterich, M. M., Buehnen, T., Uebernickel, F., & Brenner, W. (2016). A taxonomy of industrial service systems enabled by digital product innovation. Proceedings of the 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences\u00a0(pp. 1236\u20131245). Hawaii: IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/hicss.2016.157.","DOI":"10.1109\/hicss.2016.157"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/25148625","volume":"28","author":"AR Hevner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., & Ram, S. (2004). Design science in information system research. MIS Quaterly, 28(1), 75\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/25148625","journal-title":"MIS Quaterly"},{"issue":"5786","key":"440_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127647","volume":"313","author":"GE Hinton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hinton, G. E., & Salakhutdinov, R. R. (2006). Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks. Science, 313(5786), 504\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1127647","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"440_CR30","unstructured":"Hodapp, D., Remane, G., Hanelt, A., & Kolbe, L. M. (2019). Business models for Internet of Things platforms: Empirical development of a taxonomy and archetypes. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, Siegen, Germany.\u00a0"},{"key":"440_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holgado, M., & Macchi, M. (2014). Exploring the role of E-maintenance for value creation in service provision. Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation\u00a0(pp. 1\u201310). Bergamo, Italy: IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ice.2014.6871586.","DOI":"10.1109\/ice.2014.6871586"},{"key":"440_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hui, D., Wang, T., Leng, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2008). Research of open condition monitor system based on the predictive maintenance. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Natural Computation, Jinan, China (Vol. 7, pp. 317\u2013320). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icnc.2008.730.","DOI":"10.1109\/icnc.2008.730"},{"key":"440_CR33","unstructured":"Hunke, F., Engel, C., Sch\u00fcritz, R., & Ebel, P. (2019). Understanding the anatomy of analytics-based services\u2013A taxonomy to conceptualize the use of data and analytics in services. Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems, Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden.\u00a0"},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1108\/14725961111128452","volume":"9","author":"K Khazraei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khazraei, K., & Deuse, J. (2011). A strategic standpoint on maintenance taxonomy. Journal of Facilities Management, 9(2), 96\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14725961111128452","journal-title":"Journal of Facilities Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"440_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2529310","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"440_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Last, M., Sinaiski, A., & Subramania, H. S. (2010). Predictive maintenance with multi-target classification models. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Hue City, Vietnam (pp. 368\u2013377). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-12101-2_38.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12101-2_38"},{"issue":"4","key":"440_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2307\/41166053","volume":"42","author":"B Mahadevan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mahadevan, B. (2000). Business models for internet-based E-commerce: An anatomy. California Management Review, 42(4), 55\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/41166053","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"key":"440_CR38","unstructured":"Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bisson, P., Woetzel, J., Dobbs, R., Bughin, J., & Aharon, D. (2015). Unlocking the potential of the Internet of Things. McKinsey Global Institute, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/mckinsey-digital\/our-insights\/the-internet-of-things-the-value-of-digitizing-the-physical-world. Accessed 15 Feb 2020.\u00a0"},{"key":"440_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattes, A., Sch\u00f6pka, U., Schellenberger, M., Scheibelhofer, P., & Leditzky, G. (2012). Virtual equipment for benchmarking predictive maintenance algorithms. Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference, Berlin, Germany. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/wsc.2012.6465084.","DOI":"10.1109\/wsc.2012.6465084"},{"key":"440_CR40","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, J., Buliga, O. (2019). Archetypes for data-driven business models for manufacturing companies in industry 4.0. Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Information Systems, Munich, Germany."},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2012.26","volume":"22","author":"RC Nickerson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nickerson, R. C., Varshney, U., & Muntermann, J. (2013). A method for taxonomy development and its application in information systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 22(3), 336\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/ejis.2012.26","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"440_CR42","unstructured":"Nickerson, R. C., Varshney, U., & Muntermann, J. (2017). Of taxonomies and taxonomic theories. Proceedings of the twenty-third Americas Conference on Information Systems, Boston, Massachusetts.\u00a0"},{"key":"440_CR43","unstructured":"Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, Gamechangers, and challengers. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"440_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. L. (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 16(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17705\/1cais.01601.","DOI":"10.17705\/1cais.01601"},{"key":"440_CR45","unstructured":"Paukstadt, U., Strobel, G., & Eicker, S. (2019). Understanding services in the era of the Internet of Things: A smart service taxonomy. Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems, Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden.\u00a0"},{"key":"440_CR46","unstructured":"PricewaterhouseCoopers (2017). Predictive Maintenance 4.0. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pwc.nl\/nl\/assets\/documents\/pwc-predictive-maintenance-4-0.pdf [Accessed September 27, 2018]."},{"key":"440_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rizk, A., Bergvall-K\u00e5reborn, B., & Elragal, A. (2018). Towards a taxonomy for data-driven digital services. Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24251\/hicss.2018.135.","DOI":"10.24251\/hicss.2018.135"},{"key":"440_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sipos, R., Fradkin, D., Moerchen, F., & Wang, Z. (2014). Log-based predictive maintenance. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, New York (pp. 1867\u20131876).\u00a0","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623340"},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR49","first-page":"1409","volume":"38","author":"RR Sokal","year":"1958","unstructured":"Sokal, R. R., & Michener, C. D. (1958). A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. University of Kansas Bulletin, 38(2), 1409\u20131438.","journal-title":"University of Kansas Bulletin"},{"key":"440_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spendla, L., Kebisek, M., Tanuska, P., & Hrcka, L. (2017). Concept of predictive maintenance of production systems in accordance with industry 4.0. Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics, Herl'any, Slovakia (pp. 405\u2013410). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/sami.2017.7880343.","DOI":"10.1109\/sami.2017.7880343"},{"issue":"4","key":"440_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1109\/tsm.2012.2209131","volume":"25","author":"GA Susto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Susto, G. A., Beghi, A., & De Luca, C. (2012). A predictive maintenance system for epitaxy processes based on filtering and prediction techniques. IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, 25(4), 638\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tsm.2012.2209131","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing"},{"key":"440_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Susto, G. A., Schirru, A., Pampuri, S., Pagano, D., McLoone, S., & Beghi, A. (2013). A predictive maintenance system for integral type faults based on support vector machines: An application to ion implantation. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin (pp.195\u2013200). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/coase.2013.6653952.","DOI":"10.1109\/coase.2013.6653952"},{"key":"440_CR53","unstructured":"Szopinski, D., Schoormann, T., & Kundisch, D. (2019). Because your taxonomy is worth IT: Towards a framework for taxonomy evaluation. Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems, Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden.\u00a0"},{"issue":"3","key":"440_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2017.06.005","volume":"36","author":"K T\u00e4uscher","year":"2018","unstructured":"T\u00e4uscher, K., & Laudien, S. M. (2018). Understanding platform business models: A mixed methods study of marketplaces. European Management Journal, 36(3), 319\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emj.2017.06.005","journal-title":"European Management Journal"},{"key":"440_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Turber, S., Vom Brocke, J., Gassmann, O., & Fleisch, E. (2014). Designing business models in the era of internet of things. Proceedings of the International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems, Miami, Florida (pp. 17\u201331). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22215\/timreview807.","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview807"},{"key":"440_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vom Brocke, J., Simons, A., Riemer, K., Niehaves, B., Plattfaut, R., & Cleven, A. (2015). Standing on the shoulders of giants: Challenges and recommendations of literature search in information systems research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37(9), 206\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17705\/1cais.03709.","DOI":"10.17705\/1cais.03709"},{"key":"440_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, N., Sun, S., Si, S., & Li, J. (2009). Research of predictive maintenance for deteriorating system based on semi-Markov process. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Beijing, China (pp.899\u2013903). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icieem.2009.5344200.","DOI":"10.1109\/icieem.2009.5344200"},{"key":"440_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.08.104","volume":"184","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Yao, H., & Zhao, S. (2016). Auto-encoder based dimensionality reduction. Neurocomputing, 184, 232\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.08.104","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"5","key":"440_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-015-1066-0","volume":"28","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhang, L., Duan, L., & Gao, R. X. (2017). A new paradigm of cloud-based predictive maintenance for intelligent manufacturing. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 28(5), 1125\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10845-015-1066-0","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing"},{"issue":"301","key":"440_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1963.10500845","volume":"58","author":"JH Ward","year":"1963","unstructured":"Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1963.10500845","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"440_CR61","unstructured":"Webster, J. & Watson, T. (2002). Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), xiii-xxiii. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4132319."},{"key":"440_CR62","unstructured":"Weking, J., St\u00f6cker, M., Kowalkiewicz, M., B\u00f6hm, M., & Krcmar, H. (2018) Archetypes for industry 4.0 business model innovations. Proceedings of the 24th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), New Orleans, LA."},{"issue":"2","key":"440_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-014-9489-2","volume":"17","author":"A Whitmore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., Da, Xu., & L. (2015). The Internet of Things - a survey of topics and trends. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(2), 261\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-014-9489-2","journal-title":"Information Systems Frontiers"},{"key":"440_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zoll, M., J\u00e4ck, D., & Vogt, M. W. (2018). Evaluation of predictive-maintenance-as-a-service business models in the internet of things. Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation, Stuttgart, Germany,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ice.2018.8436272.","DOI":"10.1109\/ice.2018.8436272"}],"container-title":["Electronic Markets"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12525-020-00440-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12525-020-00440-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12525-020-00440-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T07:21:05Z","timestamp":1634628065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12525-020-00440-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-020-00440-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1019-6781","1422-8890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1019-6781","type":"print"},{"value":"1422-8890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}