{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:57:03Z","timestamp":1774022223934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electron Markets"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dominant American online platforms like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant have become <jats:italic>Life Control Interfaces (LCIs)<\/jats:italic>, which facilitate consumers\u2019 online interactions and influence what consumers do and do not see and buy. These platforms operate outside of EU regulation, and create significant costs for traditional European firms in a wide range of industries. These platforms can reduce firms\u2019 access to customers, can charge for enabling access to customers, or can charge for access to essential data on firms\u2019 customers. Since these platforms enjoy monopoly power there is little restraint on their charges, which indirectly increase consumers\u2019 prices. We propose that regulators encourage the formation of a consortium to offer a single integrated EU-based Life Control Interface (EuLCI). This consortium would increase the number of EuLCIs from zero to one, and thus would actually increase consumer choice. We call cooperation that enhances rather than limits choice <jats:italic>The Cooperation Paradox<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-022-00534-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T21:12:36Z","timestamp":1647378756000},"page":"459-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Cooperation Paradox"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eric K.","family":"Clemons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1937-8869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Schreieck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1874-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Hermes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8520-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frantz","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2754-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helmut","family":"Krcmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-019-00618-y","volume":"61","author":"WVD Aalst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aalst, W. V. D., Hinz, O., & Weinhardt, C. (2019). Big Digital Platforms. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 61(6), 645\u2013648.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-019-00618-y.","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR2","first-page":"491","volume":"73","author":"WJ Baumol","year":"1983","unstructured":"Baumol, W. J., Panzar, J. C., & Willig, R. D. (1983). Contestable markets: An uprising in the theory of industry structure: Reply. The American Economic Review, 73(3), 491\u2013496.","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/jpet.12255","volume":"20","author":"M Bourreau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bourreau, M., Caillaud, B., & Nijs, R. D. (2018). Taxation of a digital monopoly platform. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 20(1), 40\u201351.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpet.12255.","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economic Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"534_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2021.9387709","volume":"35","author":"A Braud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braud, A., Fromentoux, G., Radier, B., & Le Grand, O. (2021). The road to European digital sovereignty with Gaia-X and IDSA. IEEE Network, 35(2), 4\u20135.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MNET.2021.9387709.","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"key":"534_CR5","volume-title":"The great British Brexit robbery: How our democracy was hijacked","author":"C Cadwalladr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cadwalladr, C. (2017). The great British Brexit robbery: How our democracy was hijacked. The Guardian (February 4, 2021). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2017\/may\/07\/the-great-british-brexit-robbery-hijacked-democracy."},{"key":"534_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2307\/1593720","volume":"34","author":"B Caillaud","year":"2003","unstructured":"Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. (2003). Chicken & egg: Competition among intermediation service providers. The Rand Journal of Economics, 34, 309\u2013328.","journal-title":"The Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"534_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciriani, S., & Lebourges, M. (2018). The market dominance of US digital platforms: antitrust implications for the European Union. Available at SSRN 2977933.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2977933"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1990.11517878","volume":"7","author":"EK Clemons","year":"1990","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K. (1990). MAC \u2014 Philadelphia National Bank ' s strategic venture in shared ATM networks. Journal of Management Information Systems, 7(1), 5\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07421222.1990.11517878.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"534_CR9","volume-title":"Selbstschutz ist nicht gleich Protektionismus (self-protection is not protectionism)","author":"EK Clemons","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K. (2015). Selbstschutz ist nicht gleich Protektionismus (self-protection is not protectionism). Huffington Post Deutschland.\u00a0http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.de\/eric-k-clemons\/eu-datenschutzrechtswidrige-unternehmenspraktiken_b_8490876.html, accessed on February 4, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K. (2019a). The continuing power of third party payer businesses. In E. K. Clemons (Ed.), New patterns of power and profit: A Strategist's guide to competitive advantage in the age of digital transformation (pp. 125\u2013134). Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00443-9_8"},{"key":"534_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K. (2019b). New patterns of power and profit: A Strategist's guide to competitive advantage in the age of digital transformation. Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00443-9"},{"key":"534_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K. (2019c). Resources, platforms, and sustainable competitive advantage: How to win and keep on winning. In E. K. Clemons (Ed.), New patterns of power and profit: A Strategist's guide to competitive advantage in the age of digital transformation (pp. 93\u2013104). Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00443-9_6"},{"key":"534_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K. (2019d). Understanding the power of third party payer businesses and online gateways. In E. K. Clemons (Ed.), New patterns of power and profit: A Strategist's guide to competitive advantage in the age of digital transformation (pp. 105\u2013124). Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00443-9_7"},{"issue":"5","key":"534_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(92)90027-M","volume":"8","author":"EK Clemons","year":"1992","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., & Kleindorfer, P. R. (1992). An economic analysis of interorganizational information technology. Decision Support Systems, 8(5), 431\u2013446.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-9236(92)90027-M.","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(88)90027-4","volume":"15","author":"EK Clemons","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., & Knez, M. (1988). Competition and cooperation in information systems innovation. Information & Management, 15(1), 25\u201335.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-7206(88)90027-4.","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"key":"534_CR16","volume-title":"American domination of the net: A preliminary ethnographic exploration of causes, economic implications for Europe, and future prospects","author":"EK Clemons","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., Krcmar, H., Hermes, S., & Choi, J. (2019). American domination of the net: A preliminary ethnographic exploration of causes, economic implications for Europe, and future prospects. 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences."},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222270303","volume":"27","author":"EK Clemons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., & Madhani, N. (2010). Regulation of digital businesses with natural monopolies or third-party payment business models: Antitrust lessons from the analysis of Google. Journal of Management Information Systems, 27(3), 43\u201380.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2753\/MIS0742-1222270303.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"534_CR18","volume-title":"Why is there still litigation in third party payer distribution Systems in air Travel","author":"EK Clemons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., & Madhani, N. (2011). Why is there still litigation in third party payer distribution systems in air travel. Huffington Post.\u00a0https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/why-is-there-still-litiga_b_887252, accessed on February 4, 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1988.11517815","volume":"5","author":"EK Clemons","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., & Row, M. (1988). McKesson drug company : A case study of Economost \u2014 A strategic information system. Journal of Management Information Systems, 5(1), 36\u201350.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07421222.1988.11517815.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2307\/249639","volume":"15","author":"EK Clemons","year":"1991","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., & Row, M. C. (1991). Sustaining IT advantage: The role of structural differences. MIS Quarterly, 15(3), 275\u2013292.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249639.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"534_CR21","volume-title":"Modeling competition in mandatory participation third party payer business models: The complex case of sponsored search","author":"EK Clemons","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clemons, E. K., & Wilson, J. (2016). Modeling competition in mandatory participation third party payer business models: The complex case of sponsored search. 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences."},{"key":"534_CR22","volume-title":"Mission d\u2019expertise sur la fiscalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique","author":"P Collin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Collin, P., & Colin, N. (2013). Mission d\u2019expertise sur la fiscalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique. French Ministry of Finance and Economy report."},{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2307\/249202","volume":"12","author":"DG Copeland","year":"1988","unstructured":"Copeland, D. G., & McKenney, J. L. (1988). Airline reservations systems: Lessons from history. MIS Quarterly, 12(3), 353\u2013370.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249202.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"534_CR24","volume-title":"Marketing in the age of Alexa","author":"N Dawar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dawar, N. (2018). Marketing in the age of Alexa. Harvard Business Review."},{"issue":"12","key":"534_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.935","volume":"32","author":"T Eisenmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. (2011). Platform envelopment. Strategic Management Journal, 32(12), 1270\u20131285.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smj.935.","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"534_CR26","unstructured":"European Commission. (2010). EU competition law - Rules applicable to merger control: situation as at 1 April 2010 (Competition Handbooks)."},{"key":"534_CR27","unstructured":"European Commission. (2017a). Antitrust: Commission fines Google \u20ac2.42 billion for abusing dominance as search engine by giving illegal advantage to own comparison shopping service. http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_IP-17-1784_en.htm, accessed on February 4, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR28","unstructured":"European Commission. (2017b). Mergers: Commission fines Facebook \u20ac110 million for providing misleading information about WhatsApp takeover. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_17_1369, accessed on February 4, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR29","unstructured":"European Commission. (2018). Antitrust: Commission fines Google \u20ac4.34 billion for illegal practices regarding Android mobile devices to strengthen dominance of Google's search engine. http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_IP-18-4581_en.htm, accessed on February 4, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR30","unstructured":"European Commission. (2021). Preliminary report - sector inquiry into consumer internet of things. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition-policy\/system\/files\/2021-06\/internet_of_things_preliminary_report.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"534_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1446-9022.1256","volume":"9","author":"DS Evans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2010). Failure to launch: Critical mass in platform businesses. Review of Network Economics, 9(4), 1\u201328.","journal-title":"Review of Network Economics"},{"key":"534_CR32","first-page":"491","volume":"10","author":"SJ Evrard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Evrard, S. J. (2003). Essential facilities in the European Union: Bronner and beyond. Columbia Journal of East European Law, 10, 491.","journal-title":"Columbia Journal of East European Law"},{"key":"534_CR33","unstructured":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. (2021). GAIA-X: A federated data infrastructure for europe. https:\/\/www.data-infrastructure.eu\/GAIAX\/Navigation\/EN\/Home\/home.html, accessed on April 7, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR34","unstructured":"Green, A. (2021). Europe\u2019s Gaia-X looks to challenge Big Tech\u2019s cloud dominance. Financial Times. https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/6ac505fd-5b90-4979-8c3c-b5ba756e9089, accessed on September 18, 2021."},{"issue":"7","key":"534_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","volume":"29","author":"J Gubbi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645\u20131660.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010.","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"534_CR36","volume-title":"Breeding grounds of digital platforms: Exploring the sources of American platform domination, China's platform self-sufficiency, and Europe's platform gap","author":"S Hermes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hermes, S., Clemons, E. E., Schreieck, M., Pfab, S., Mitre, M., B\u00f6hm, M., Wiesche, M., & Krcmar, H. (2020). Breeding grounds of digital platforms: Exploring the sources of American platform domination, China's platform self-sufficiency, and Europe's platform gap. 28th European Conference on Information Systems."},{"key":"534_CR37","volume-title":"Consumer attitudes towards firms that monetize personal information: A cluster analysis and regulatory implications","author":"S Hermes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hermes, S., Clemons, E. K., Wittenzellner, D., Hein, A., B\u00f6hm, M., & Krcmar, H. (2020). Consumer attitudes towards firms that monetize personal information: A cluster analysis and regulatory implications. 24th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems."},{"key":"534_CR38","volume-title":"Steve Bannon\u2019s \u2018movement\u2019 enlists Italy\u2019s Most powerful politician","author":"J Horowitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horowitz, J. (2018). Steve Bannon\u2019s \u2018movement\u2019 enlists Italy\u2019s Most powerful politician. The New York Times https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/09\/07\/world\/europe\/italy-steve-bannon-matteo-salvini.html, accessed on September 16, 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-017-0087-4","volume":"7","author":"WM Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang, W. M., Moon, S. Y., & Park, J. H. (2017). An enhanced security framework for home appliances in smart home. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 7(1), 1\u201312.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13673-017-0087-4.","journal-title":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences"},{"key":"534_CR40","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Exploring prospects for digital Europe in the age of the US-China technology race","author":"S Korreck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Korreck, S. (2021). Exploring prospects for digital Europe in the age of the US-China technology race (p. 303). Observer Research Foundation - Occasional Paper."},{"issue":"2","key":"534_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/joclec\/nhaa030","volume":"17","author":"J Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer, J. (2021). Personal data portability in the platform economy: Economic implications and policy recommendations. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 17(2), 263\u2013308.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joclec\/nhaa030.","journal-title":"Journal of Competition Law and Economics"},{"key":"534_CR42","volume-title":"Understanding digital events: Process philosophy and causal autonomy","author":"D Kreps","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kreps, D., Rowe, F., & Muirhead, J. (2020). Understanding digital events: Process philosophy and causal autonomy. 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences."},{"key":"534_CR43","volume-title":"A timeline to insurrection: The trump tweets that security experts say led to the capitol riots","author":"G Massie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Massie, G. (2021). A timeline to insurrection: The trump tweets that security experts say led to the capitol riots. Independent https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/us-election-2020\/trump-tweets-attacks-capitol-violence-b1786246.html, accessed on February 18, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR44","volume-title":"Prophets of regulation","author":"TK McCraw","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCraw, T. K. (2009). Prophets of regulation. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"534_CR45","volume-title":"Digital dominance: The power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple","author":"M Moore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moore, M., & Tambini, D. (2018). Digital dominance: The power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"534_CR46","volume-title":"Investigation of competition in digital markets (majority staff reports and recommendations, subcommittee on antitrust)","author":"J Nadler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nadler, J., & Cicilline, D. N. (2020). Investigation of competition in digital markets (majority staff reports and recommendations, subcommittee on antitrust). Commercial and Administrative Law of the Commitee on the Judiciary."},{"key":"534_CR47","volume-title":"Social media is an existential threat to our idea of democracy","author":"J Naughton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naughton, J. (2018). Social media is an existential threat to our idea of democracy. The Guardian. Retrieved Janaury 13, 2021, from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2018\/dec\/23\/social-media-existential-threat-idea-democracy."},{"key":"534_CR48","volume-title":"New study deems Amazon worst for 'aggressive' tax avoidance","author":"R Neate","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neate, R. (2019). New study deems Amazon worst for 'aggressive' tax avoidance. The Guardian.\u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2019\/dec\/02\/new-study-deems-amazon-worst-for-aggressive-tax-avoidance, accessed on February 8, 2021."},{"issue":"21","key":"534_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2307\/1344592","volume":"10","author":"D Neven","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neven, D., & Seabright, P. (1995). European industrial policy: The Airbus case. Economic Policy, 10(21), 313\u2013358.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1344592.","journal-title":"Economic Policy"},{"key":"534_CR50","volume-title":"The essential facilities concept","author":"OECD Policy Roundtable","year":"1996","unstructured":"OECD Policy Roundtable. (1996). The essential facilities concept. Organisation for economic cooperation and development."},{"key":"534_CR51","unstructured":"Parker, G. G., Van Alstyne, M. W., & Choudary, S. P. (2016). Platform revolution: How networked markets are transforming the economy and how to make them work for you. WW Norton & Company., New York, USA."},{"key":"534_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pauli, T., Fielt, E., & Matzner, M. (2021). Digital Industrial Platforms. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 63(2), 181\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00681-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-020-00681-w"},{"issue":"8","key":"534_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1145\/3469104","volume":"64","author":"G Petropoulos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petropoulos, G. (2021). A European Union approach to regulating big tech. Communications of the ACM, 64(8), 24\u201326.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3469104.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"534_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/154247603322493212","volume-title":"Platform competition in two-sided markets","author":"J-C Rochet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2003). Platform competition in two-sided markets. European Economic Association."},{"key":"534_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1625(94)90015-9","volume":"46","author":"F Rowe","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rowe, F. (1994). Data network productivity and competitive behavior: The case of the French commercial banks. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 46, 29\u201344.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0040-1625(94)90015-9.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"11","key":"534_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2007.1058","volume":"6","author":"A Roy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roy, A., Das, S. K., & Basu, K. (2007). A predictive framework for location-aware resource management in smart homes. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 6(11), 1270\u20131283.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMC.2007.1058.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"534_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/15325008.2013.832439","volume":"42","author":"A Saad Al-Sumaiti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saad Al-Sumaiti, A., Ahmed, M. H., & Salama, M. M. (2014). Smart home activities: A literature review. Electric Power Components & Systems, 42(3\u20134), 294\u2013305.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325008.2013.832439.","journal-title":"Electric Power Components & Systems"},{"key":"534_CR58","unstructured":"Schreieck, M., Clemons, E. K., Wiesche, M., & Krcmar, H. (2019). Competing with giant platform operators: an analysis of which traditional manufacturing companies are at risk from strategic dependence on other companies\u2019 platforms in the emerging era of the internet of things. Platform Strategy Research Symposium."},{"issue":"8","key":"534_CR59","first-page":"332","volume":"35","author":"HH Schumacher","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schumacher, H. H. (1979). Europe's Airbus programme and the impact of British participation. The World Today, 35(8), 332\u2013339.","journal-title":"The World Today"},{"key":"534_CR60","volume-title":"Smart home: Integrating internet of things with web services and cloud computing","author":"M Soliman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soliman, M., Abiodun, T., Hamouda, T., Zhou, J., & Lung, C.-H. (2013). Smart home: Integrating internet of things with web services and cloud computing. IEEE 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science."},{"issue":"2","key":"534_CR61","first-page":"10","volume":"47","author":"S Soriano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soriano, S. (2019). Taking aim at big tech. Intermedia, 47(2), 10\u201315.","journal-title":"Intermedia"},{"key":"534_CR62","unstructured":"Statcounter GlobalStats. (2020). Search Engine Market Share Europe. Statcounter GlobalStats. https:\/\/gs.statcounter.com\/search-engine-market-share\/all\/europe, accessed on February 1, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR63","unstructured":"Statista. (2020). Amazon\u2019s share of online retail sales in selected regions as of September 2020. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1183515\/amazon-market-share-region-worldwide\/, accessed on February 4, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR64","unstructured":"Statista Research Department. (2021a). Digital Advertising. https:\/\/www-statista-com.eaccess.ub.tum.de\/outlook\/216\/156\/digital-advertising\/united-kingdom, accessed on February 2, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR65","volume-title":"Digital search advertising revenue in selected countries in Europe in 2020","author":"Statista Research Department","year":"2021","unstructured":"Statista Research Department. (2021b). Digital search advertising revenue in selected countries in Europe in 2020. Statista https:\/\/www-statista-com.eaccess.ub.tum.de\/statistics\/463223\/digital-search-advertising-revenue-european-countries-digital-market-outlook\/, accessed on February 2, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(86)90027-2","volume":"15","author":"DJ Teece","year":"1986","unstructured":"Teece, D. J. (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy, 67\u201388.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0048-7333(86)90027-2.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"534_CR67","unstructured":"Teece, D. J. (2013). Profiting from innovation. In E. H. Kessler (Ed.), Encyclopedia of management theory (pp. 622\u2013625). SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA."},{"key":"534_CR68","first-page":"267","volume":"14","author":"AD Thierer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thierer, A. D. (1994). Unnatural monopoly: Critical moments in the development of the bell system monopoly. Cato Journal, 14, 267.","journal-title":"Cato Journal"},{"key":"534_CR69","volume-title":"How Amazon\u2019s Alexa chooses which products to buy","author":"J Valdez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valdez, J. (2018). How Amazon\u2019s Alexa chooses which products to buy. AMZ Advisers https:\/\/amzadvisers.com\/amazons-alexa-chooses-products-buy\/, accessed on February 23, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR70","unstructured":"Weiss, N., Schreieck, M., Wiesche, M., & Krcmar, H. (2020). From Product to Platform: How can BMW compete with Platform Giants? Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, 11(2), 90\u2013100."},{"key":"534_CR71","first-page":"433","volume":"32","author":"GJ Werden","year":"1987","unstructured":"Werden, G. J. (1987). The law and economics of the essential facility doctrine. Saint Louis University Law Journal, 32, 433.","journal-title":"Saint Louis University Law Journal"},{"key":"534_CR72","volume-title":"Threat to retailers as 'Amazon effect' delivers market share to online giants","author":"D White","year":"2018","unstructured":"White, D. (2018). Threat to retailers as 'Amazon effect' delivers market share to online giants. Independent https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/business\/irish\/threat-to-retailers-as-amazon-effect-delivers-market-share-to-online-giants-37067245.html, accessed on February 9, 2021."},{"key":"534_CR73","unstructured":"Wu, T. (2010). The master switch: The rise and fall of information empires., New York, USA."},{"key":"534_CR74","unstructured":"Wylie, C. (2019). Mindf* ck: Cambridge analytica and the plot to break America. New York, USA."},{"key":"534_CR75","volume-title":"When tech companies compete on their own platforms","author":"F Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu, F. (2019). When tech companies compete on their own platforms. Harvard Business Review https:\/\/hbr.org\/2019\/06\/when-tech-companies-compete-on-their-own-platforms."},{"issue":"1","key":"534_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2015.5","volume":"30","author":"S Zuboff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zuboff, S. (2015). Big other: Surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization. Journal of Information Technology, 30(1), 75\u201389.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jit.2015.5.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology"},{"key":"534_CR77","volume-title":"You are now remotely controlled","author":"S Zuboff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zuboff, S. (2020). You are now remotely controlled. New York Times https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/01\/24\/opinion\/sunday\/surveillance-capitalism.html, accessed on February 12, 2021."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-022-00580-w","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000}}],"container-title":["Electronic Markets"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12525-022-00534-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12525-022-00534-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12525-022-00534-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T06:11:26Z","timestamp":1676614286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12525-022-00534-2"}},"subtitle":["Forming a single coalition in order to increase, rather than decrease, the number of economically viable alternatives"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-022-00534-2","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s12525-022-00580-w","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1019-6781","1422-8890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1019-6781","type":"print"},{"value":"1422-8890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2022","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-022-00580-w","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-022-00580-w","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}