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These agents perceive, reason, and coordinate in real time to address complex, context-rich tasks that traditionally require human expertise. Drawing on the conceptual roots of process automation, agentic information systems, and AI, this paper introduces a structured, five-component framework that conceptualizes MAAI as a layered architecture composed of foundation model, data-centric perception and action, dynamic orchestration, agent-integrated workflow, and interaction interface. This framework disentangles the technical, organizational, and human-facing dimensions of MAAI, offering researchers and practitioners a systematic lens to analyze and design agent-based AI automation. The framework further structures three research pathways focused on advancing technical capabilities, enabling organizational integration, and addressing socio-technical implications such as fairness, accountability, and labor transformation. Together, these contributions establish a foundation for interdisciplinary inquiry into how MAAI reshapes work, coordination, and digital value creation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-025-00862-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T12:26:59Z","timestamp":1770380819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-agent AI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8741-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simeon","family":"Allmendinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3792-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Bonenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7861-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5291-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Fetzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henner","family":"Gimpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6750-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelnabi, S., Gomaa, A., Sivaprasad, S., Sch\u00f6nherr, L., & Fritz, M. 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