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Especially, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into these ecosystems, so that they comprise non-human participants (e.g., AI-based chatbots)\u2014fundamentally altering the nature of value (co-)creation. While existing literature examines human-to-human interactions, knowledge of service interactions between human actors and AI-based systems is still underexplored. To address this research gap, we develop a taxonomy, comprising six iterations, that explores the peculiarities of AI as either a resource or a (non-human) agent in digital service ecosystems. We evaluate our taxonomy using a multiple case study and derive the four archetypes of AI in digital service ecosystems: (1) discriminative experience enhancer, (2) protective ecosystem orchestrator, (3) ecosystem innovation companion, and (4) personalized service composer. Our results extend the knowledge on service science by showing how AI-based systems\u2014discriminative or generative, and focusing on the interaction in the ecosystem or the individual service encounter\u2014assume the role of resources and non-human agents. Researchers and practitioners can utilize our results to augment their ecosystems with AI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-026-00879-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:33:26Z","timestamp":1771918406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Artificial intelligence in digital service ecosystems\u2014Towards a taxonomy and archetypes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0030-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Hansmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jannika Marie","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp zur","family":"Heiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-022-10313-1","volume":"24","author":"B Abedin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abedin, B., Meske, C., Junglas, I., Rabhi, F., & Motahari-Nezhad, H. 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