{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T09:00:36Z","timestamp":1769763636683,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput High Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-019-09232-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T09:13:31Z","timestamp":1561367611000},"page":"261-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Managing in-lecture media use: the feasibility and value of a split-class policy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6443-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Parry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurenz A.","family":"Cornelissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9232_CR1","unstructured":"Abramova, O., Baumann, A., Krasnova, H., & Lessmann, S. (2017). To phub or not to phub: Understanding off-task smartphone usage and its consequences in the academic environment. In I. Ramos, V. Tuunainen, & H. Krcmar (Eds.), 25th European conference on information systems (ECIS) (pp. 1984\u20131999). Guimaraes, Portugal."},{"key":"9232_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/08832323.2011.622814","volume":"87","author":"WM Baker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baker, W. M., Lusk, E. J., & Neuhauser, K. L. (2012). On the use of cell phones and other electronic devices in the classroom: Evidence from a survey of faculty and students. Journal of Education for Business,87, 275\u2013289.","journal-title":"Journal of Education for Business"},{"key":"9232_CR3","first-page":"119","volume":"32","author":"ML Bayless","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bayless, M. L., Clipson, T. W., & Wilson, S. A. (2013). Faculty perceptions and policies of students\u2019 use of personal technology in the classroom. Faculty Publications,32, 119\u2013137.","journal-title":"Faculty Publications"},{"key":"9232_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2017.07.009","volume":"67","author":"P Berger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berger, P. (2017). Beyond plain acceptance or sheer resistance: A typology of university instructors\u2019 attitudes to students\u2019 media use in class. Teaching and Teacher Education,67, 410\u2013417.","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"key":"9232_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/87567555.2015.1005040","volume":"63","author":"MJ Berry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berry, M. J., & Westfall, A. (2015). Dial D for distraction: The making and breaking of cell phone policies in the college classroom. College Teaching,63, 62\u201371.","journal-title":"College Teaching"},{"key":"9232_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.09.024","volume":"54","author":"LL Bowman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bowman, L. L., Levine, L. E., Waite, B. M., & Gendron, M. (2010). Can students really multitask? An experimental study of instant messaging while reading. Computers & Education,54, 927\u2013931.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Thematic analysis revised. Qualitative Research in Psychology,3, 77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"9232_CR8","unstructured":"Brooks, D. C., & Pomerantz, J. (2017). ECAR study of undergraduate students and information technology, 2017. Technical Report ECAR (Educause Cener for Analysis and Research) Louisville, CO."},{"key":"9232_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.047","volume":"54","author":"Q Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, Q., & Yan, Z. (2016). Does multitasking with mobile phones affect learning? A review. Computers in Human Behavior,54, 34\u201342.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9232_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.03.045","volume":"36","author":"S Dietz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dietz, S., & Henrich, C. (2014). Texting as a distraction to learning in college students. Computers in Human Behavior,36, 163\u2013167.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9232_CR11","unstructured":"Evans, R., & Matthew, A. F. (2013). A new era: Personal technology challenges educational technology. In H. Carter, M. Gosper, & J. Hedberg (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Ascilite conference (pp. 262\u2013266). Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"9232_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/03634523.2012.725132","volume":"62","author":"AN Finn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finn, A. N., & Ledbetter, A. M. (2013). Teacher power mediates the effects of technology policies on teacher credibility. Communication Education,62, 26\u201347.","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"key":"9232_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2015.11.003","volume":"44","author":"AE Flanigan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flanigan, A. E., & Babchuk, W. A. (2015). Social media as academic quicksand: A phenomenological study of student experiences in and out of the classroom. Learning and Individual Differences,44, 40\u201345.","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"9232_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-017-9418-2","volume":"30","author":"AE Flanigan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flanigan, A. E., & Kiewra, K. A. (2017). What college instructors can do about student cyber-slacking. Educational Psychology Review,30, 585\u2013598.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"9232_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2006.09.006","volume":"50","author":"CB Fried","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fried, C. B. (2008). In-class laptop use and its effects on student learning. Computers & Education,50, 906\u2013914.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.08.019","volume":"70","author":"P Gaudreau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gaudreau, P., Miranda, D., & Gareau, A. (2014). Canadian university students in wireless classrooms: What do they do on their laptops and does it really matter? Computers & Education,70, 245\u2013255.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2012.01659.x","volume":"62","author":"S-H Jeong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeong, S.-H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Does multitasking increase or decrease persuasion? Effects of multitasking on comprehension and counterarguing. Journal of Communication,62, 571\u2013587.","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"key":"9232_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.06.031","volume":"28","author":"R Junco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Junco, R. (2012). In-class multitasking and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior,28, 2236\u20132243.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9232_CR19","unstructured":"Karnad, A. (2014). Trends in educational technologies. Technical Report London School of Economics and Political Science London, UK."},{"key":"9232_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/0098628316662767","volume":"43","author":"L Katz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katz, L., & Lambert, W. (2016). A happy and engaged class without cell phones? It\u2019s easier than you think. Teaching of Psychology,43, 340\u2013345.","journal-title":"Teaching of Psychology"},{"key":"9232_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.06.003","volume":"88","author":"SC Kong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kong, S. C., & Song, Y. (2015). An experience of personalized learning hub initiative embedding BYOD for reflective engagement in higher education. Computers & Education,88, 227\u2013240.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/03634523.2013.767917","volume":"62","author":"J Kuznekoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuznekoff, J., & Titsworth, S. (2013). The impact of mobile phone usage on student learning. Communication Education,62, 233\u2013252.","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"key":"9232_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.08.030","volume":"77","author":"DB Le Roux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le Roux, D. B., & Parry, D. A. (2017a). In-lecture media use and academic performance: Does subject area matter? Computers in Human Behavior,77, 86\u201394.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9232_CR24","first-page":"19","volume-title":"ICT education SACLA 2017","author":"DB Le Roux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le Roux, D. B., & Parry, D. A. (2017b). A new generation of students: Digital media in academic contexts. In J. Liebenberg & S. Gruner (Eds.), ICT education SACLA 2017 (pp. 19\u201336). Cham: Springer."},{"key":"9232_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/03634523.2013.794386","volume":"62","author":"AM Ledbetter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ledbetter, A. M., & Finn, A. N. (2013). Teacher technology policies and online communication apprehension as predictors of learner empowerment. Communication Education,62, 301\u2013317.","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"key":"9232_CR26","first-page":"5","volume":"4","author":"BR McCoy","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCoy, B. R. (2013). Digital distractions in the classroom: Student classroom use of digital devices for non-class related purposes. Journal of Media Education,4, 5\u201312.","journal-title":"Journal of Media Education"},{"key":"9232_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. In M. Posner (Ed.), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (pp. 15583\u201315587).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903620106"},{"issue":"1","key":"9232_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.18489\/sacj.v30i1.434","volume":"30","author":"DA Parry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parry, D. A., & le Roux, D. B. (2018a). In-lecture media use and academic performance: Investigating demographic and intentional moderators. South African Computer Journal, 30(1), 85\u2013107.","journal-title":"South African Computer Journal"},{"key":"9232_CR29","volume-title":"ICT education SACLA 2018","author":"DA Parry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parry, D. A., & le Roux, D. B. (2018b). Off-task media use in lectures: Towards a theory of determinants. In S. Kabanda, H. Suleman, & S. Gruner (Eds.), ICT education SACLA 2018. Cham: Springer."},{"key":"9232_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.05.007","volume":"78","author":"SM Ravizza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ravizza, S. M., Hambrick, D. Z., & Fenn, K. M. (2014). Non-academic internet use in the classroom is negatively related to classroom learning regardless of intellectual ability. Computers & Education,78, 109\u2013114.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5093\/ed2011v17n2a4","volume":"17","author":"L Rosen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosen, L., Lim, A., Carrier, M., & Cheever, N. (2011). An empirical examination of the educational impact of text message-induced task switching in the classroom: Educational implications and strategies to enhance learning. Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Educativa,17, 163\u2013177.","journal-title":"Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Educativa"},{"key":"9232_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.003","volume":"62","author":"F Sana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sana, F., Weston, T., & Cepeda, N. J. (2013). Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers. Computers & Education,62, 24\u201331.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-017-9625-y","volume":"23","author":"IM Santos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santos, I. M., Bocheco, O., & Habak, C. (2018). A survey of student and instructor perceptions of personal mobile technology usage and policies for the classroom. Education and Information Technologies,23, 617\u2013632.","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"9232_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.06.035","volume":"53","author":"W van der Schuur","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Schuur, W., Baumgartner, S. E., Sumter, S. R., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015). The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review. Computers in Human Behavior,53, 204\u2013215.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9232_CR35","unstructured":"Times Higher Education. (2017). Times higher education world university rankings. Retrieved May 12, 2018, from \nhttps:\/\/bit.ly\/2eElALO\n\n."},{"key":"9232_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/87567555.2011.604802","volume":"60","author":"DR Tindell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tindell, D. R., & Bohlander, R. W. (2012). The use and abuse of cell phones and text messaging in the classroom: A survey of college students. College Teaching,60, 1\u20139.","journal-title":"College Teaching"},{"key":"9232_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.01.007","volume":"120","author":"BM Waite","year":"2018","unstructured":"Waite, B. M., Lindberg, R., Ernst, B., Bowman, L. L., & Levine, L. E. (2018). Off-task multitasking, note-taking and lower- and higher-order classroom learning. Computers & Education,120, 98\u2013111.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.08.029","volume":"58","author":"E Wood","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wood, E., Zivcakova, L., Gentile, P., Archer, K., Pasquale, D. D., & Nosko, A. (2011). Examining the impact of off-task multi-tasking with technology on real-time classroom learning classroom learning. Computers & Education,58, 365\u2013374.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.10.010","volume":"106","author":"JY Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu, J. Y. (2017). The indirect relationship of media multitasking self-efficacy on learning performance within the personal learning environment: Implications from the mechanism of perceived attention problems and self-regulation strategies. Computers & Education,106, 56\u201372.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9232_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.0397","volume":"21","author":"J Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu, J., Mei, W., & Ugrin, J. C. (2018). Student cyberloafing in and out of the classroom in China and the relationship with student performance. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,21, 199\u2013204.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"9232_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.05.006","volume":"28","author":"W Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, W., & Zhang, L. (2012). Explicating multitasking with computers: Gratifications and situations. Computers in Human Behavior,28, 1883\u20131891.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing in Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-019-09232-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12528-019-09232-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-019-09232-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T23:46:12Z","timestamp":1592869572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12528-019-09232-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-019-09232-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-1726","1867-1233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-1726","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}