{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T03:03:39Z","timestamp":1771902219830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput High Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-025-09431-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T15:32:14Z","timestamp":1738769534000},"page":"199-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elementary preservice teachers learn cardiac form and function with virtual reality: using study replication to define features of best practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darby","family":"Drageset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8981-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kent J.","family":"Crippen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"9431_CR1","unstructured":"Achieve, Inc. (2013). 4-LS1 from molecules to organisms: structures and processes | next generation science standards. 4-LS1 From molecules to organisms: Structures and processes. https:\/\/www.nextgenscience.org\/dci-arrangement\/4-ls1-molecules-organisms-structures-and-processes"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1515\/jtes-2015-0006","volume":"17","author":"O \u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda, O., Sureda-Negre, J., & Comas-Forgas, R. (2015). Environmental education in pre-service teacher training: a literature review of existing evidence. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 17(1), 72\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jtes-2015-0006","journal-title":"Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability"},{"key":"9431_CR3","first-page":"493","volume-title":"Handbook of science education","author":"K Appleton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Appleton, K. (2007). Elementary science teaching. In S. K. Abell, K. Appleton, & D. Hanuscin (Eds.), Handbook of science education (1st ed., pp. 493\u2013535). Taylor & Francis.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-014-9535-3","volume":"20","author":"E Badenhorst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Badenhorst, E., Mamede, S., Hartman, N., & Schmidt, H. G. (2015). Exploring lecturers\u2019 views of first-year health science students\u2019 misconceptions in biomedical domains. Advances in Health Sciences Education\u202f: Theory and Practice, 20(2), 403\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-014-9535-3","journal-title":"Advances in Health Sciences Education : Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"9431_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-018-9469-x","volume":"46","author":"J Bernhard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bernhard, J. (2018). What matters for students\u2019 learning in the laboratory? Do not neglect the role of experimental equipment! Instructional Science, 46(6), 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11251-018-9469-x","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/01619560802414890","volume":"83","author":"JJ Bolyard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bolyard, J. J., & Moyer-Packenham, P. S. (2008). A review of the literature on mathematics and science teacher quality. Peabody Journal of Education, 83(4), 509\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01619560802414890","journal-title":"Peabody Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/09523980701847115","volume":"45","author":"M Bower","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bower, M. (2008). Affordance analysis: matching learning tasks with learning technologies. Educational Media International, 45(1), 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09523980701847115","journal-title":"Educational Media International"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10972-010-9196-x","volume":"22","author":"JN Burgoon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burgoon, J. N., Heddle, M. L., & Duran, E. (2011). Re-examining the similarities between teacher and student conceptions about physical science. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 22(2), 101\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10972-010-9196-x","journal-title":"Journal of Science Teacher Education"},{"key":"9431_CR11","first-page":"61","volume-title":"International handbook of research on conceptual change","author":"MTH Chi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chi, M. T. H. (2009). Three types of conceptual change: Belief revision, mental model transformation, and categorical shift. In S. Vosniadou (Ed.), International handbook of research on conceptual change (pp. 61\u201382). Routledge."},{"key":"9431_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-021-09532-3","author":"R Christensen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christensen, R., Hodges, C. B., & Spector, J. M. (2021). A framework for classifying replication studies in educational technologies research. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-021-09532-3","journal-title":"Technology, Knowledge and Learning."},{"key":"9431_CR13","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 79\u201381). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/0741932516648463","volume":"37","author":"MD Coyne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coyne, M. D., Cook, B. G., & Therrien, W. J. (2016). Recommendations for replication research in special education. Remedial and Special Education, 37(4), 244\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0741932516648463","journal-title":"Remedial and Special Education"},{"key":"9431_CR15","first-page":"520","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed., p. 520). SAGE Publications Inc.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x","volume":"41","author":"B Dalgarno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. J. W. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(1), 10\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3102\/0162373712467080","volume":"35","author":"TS Dee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dee, T. S., Jacob, B., & Schwartz, N. L. (2013). The effects of NCLB on school resources and practices. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 35(2), 252\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0162373712467080","journal-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9431_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13030","volume":"51","author":"AF Di Natale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Natale, A. F., Repetto, C., Riva, G., & Villani, D. (2020). Immersive virtual reality in K-12 and higher education: A 10-year systematic review of empirical research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(6), 2006\u20132033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13030","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.33225\/jbse\/19.18.549","volume":"18","author":"J Fan\u010dovi\u010dov\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan\u010dovi\u010dov\u00e1, J., & Prokop, P. (2019). Examining secondary school students\u2019 misconceptions about the human body: correlations between the methods of drawing and open-ended questions. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 18(4), 549\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33225\/jbse\/19.18.549","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR20","first-page":"687","volume":"19","author":"JR Harron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harron, J. R., Petrosino, A. J., & Jenevein, S. (2019). Using virtual reality to augment museum-based field trips in a preservice elementary science methods course. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 19(4), 687\u2013707.","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"9431_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-018-9764-y","volume":"28","author":"RL Hite","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hite, R. L., Jones, M. G., Childers, G. M., Ennes, M., Chesnutt, K., Pereyra, M., & Cayton, E. (2019). Investigating potential relationships between adolescents\u2019 cognitive development and perceptions of presence in 3-D, haptic-enabled, virtual reality science instruction. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 28(3), 265\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10956-018-9764-y","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"key":"9431_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12638","author":"RL Hite","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hite, R. L., Jones, M. G., Childers, G. M., Ennes, M. E., Chesnutt, K. M., Pereyra, M., & Cayton, E. M. (2022). The utility of 3-D, haptic-enabled, virtual reality technologies for student knowledge gains in the complex biological system of the human heart. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12638","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"9431_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.05.002","volume":"123","author":"M-B Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, M.-B., & Delgado-Kloos, C. (2018). Augmented reality for STEM learning: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 123, 109\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.05.002","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"9431_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612464056","volume":"7","author":"JPA Ioannidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2012). Why science is not necessarily self-correcting. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 645\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691612464056","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"9431_CR25","unstructured":"Jacobs, H. H. (2004). Getting results with curriculum mapping (Illustrated, p. 192). ASCD."},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-017-9676-0","volume":"23","author":"L Jensen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jensen, L., & Konradsen, F. (2017). A review of the use of virtual reality head-mounted displays in education and training. Education and Information Technologies, 23(4), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-017-9676-0","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-economics-080511-110909","volume":"4","author":"E Kamenica","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamenica, E. (2012). Behavioral economics and psychology of incentives. Annual Review of Economics, 4(1), 427\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-economics-080511-110909","journal-title":"Annual Review of Economics"},{"issue":"11","key":"9431_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1080\/09500690802226062","volume":"31","author":"V Kind","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kind, V. (2009). A conflict in your head: An exploration of trainee science teachers\u2019 subject matter knowledge development and its impact on teacher self-confidence. International Journal of Science Education, 31(11), 1529\u20131562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09500690802226062","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X20912798","volume":"49","author":"MA Kraft","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kraft, M. A. (2020). Interpreting effect sizes of education interventions. Educational Researcher, 49(4), 241\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0013189X20912798","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10972-008-9117-4","volume":"20","author":"RM Krall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krall, R. M., Lott, K. H., & Wymer, C. L. (2009). Inservice elementary and middle school teachers\u2019 conceptions of photosynthesis and respiration. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 20(1), 41\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10972-008-9117-4","journal-title":"Journal of Science Teacher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR31","first-page":"151","volume":"16","author":"A Lehtinen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lehtinen, A., Nieminen, P., & Viiri, J. (2016). Preservice teachers\u2019 TPACK beliefs and attitudes toward simulations. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 16(2), 151\u2013171.","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"9431_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2008.04802.x","volume":"64","author":"Y-P Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin, Y.-P., Furze, G., Spilsbury, K., & Lewin, R. J. P. (2008). Cardiac misconceptions: Comparisons among nurses, nursing students and people with heart disease in Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64(3), 251\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2008.04802.x","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"9431_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X14545513","volume":"43","author":"MC Makel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makel, M. C., & Plucker, J. A. (2014). Facts are more important than novelty: Replication in the education sciences. Educational Researcher, 43(6), 304\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0013189X14545513","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"9431_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09586-2","author":"G Makransky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Makransky, G., & Petersen, G. B. (2021). The cognitive affective model of immersive learning (CAMIL): A theoretical research-based model of learning in immersive virtual reality. Educational Psychology Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-020-09586-2","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"9431_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1119\/1.16395","volume":"58","author":"LC McDermott","year":"1990","unstructured":"McDermott, L. C. (1990). A perspective on teacher preparation in physics and other sciences: The need for special science courses for teachers. American Journal of Physics, 58(8), 734\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1119\/1.16395","journal-title":"American Journal of Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9431_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2012.031","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"9431_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.07.033","volume":"70","author":"Z Merchant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Merchant, Z., Goetz, E. T., Cifuentes, L., Keeney-Kennicutt, W., & Davis, T. J. (2014). Effectiveness of virtual reality-based instruction on students\u2019 learning outcomes in K-12 and higher education: A meta-analysis. Computers & Education, 70, 29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.07.033","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-015-9585-1","volume":"25","author":"J Minogue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Minogue, J., & Borland, D. (2016). Investigating students\u2019 ideas about buoyancy and the influence of haptic feedback. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(2), 187\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10956-015-9585-1","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/1932202X15577206","volume":"26","author":"TC Missett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Missett, T. C., & Foster, L. H. (2015). Searching for evidence-based practice. Journal of Advanced Academics, 26(2), 96\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1932202X15577206","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Academics"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"9431_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/13803611.2020.1838300","volume":"25","author":"K Morrison","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morrison, K. (2019). Realizing the promises of replication studies in education. Educational Research and Evaluation, 25(7\u20138), 412\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803611.2020.1838300","journal-title":"Educational Research and Evaluation"},{"key":"9431_CR41","unstructured":"NGSS Lead States. (2013). Next generation science standards: For states, By States. The National Academies Press. https:\/\/www.nextgenscience.org\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"9431_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-012-9303-4","volume":"43","author":"BL Nowicki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nowicki, B. L., Sullivan-Watts, B., Shim, M. K., Young, B., & Pockalny, R. (2013). Factors influencing science content accuracy in elementary inquiry science lessons. Research in Science Education, 43(3), 1135\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11165-012-9303-4","journal-title":"Research in Science Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654307313793","volume":"78","author":"CL O\u2019Donnell","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, C. L. (2008). Defining, conceptualizing, and measuring fidelity of implementation and its relationship to outcomes in K-12 curriculum intervention research. Review of Educational Research, 78(1), 33\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0034654307313793","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10972-014-9417-9","volume":"26","author":"JK Olson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olson, J. K., Tippett, C. D., Milford, T. M., Ohana, C., & Clough, M. P. (2015). Science teacher preparation in a north american context. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 26(1), 7\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10972-014-9417-9","journal-title":"Journal of Science Teacher Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"9431_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnm.0000168408.03133.e3","volume":"26","author":"A Otte","year":"2005","unstructured":"Otte, A., Maier-Lenz, H., & Dierckx, R. A. (2005). Good clinical practice: Historical background and key aspects. Nuclear Medicine Communications, 26(7), 563\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mnm.0000168408.03133.e3","journal-title":"Nuclear Medicine Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.12973\/ijese.2013.206a","volume":"8","author":"S \u00d6zg\u00fcr","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr, S. (2013). The persistence of misconceptions about the human blood circulatory system among students in different grade levels. The International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 8(2), 255\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12973\/ijese.2013.206a","journal-title":"The International Journal of Environmental and Science Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR47","first-page":"31","volume":"4","author":"LC \u00d6zsevgec","year":"2007","unstructured":"\u00d6zsevgec, L. C. (2007). What do turkish students at different ages know about their internal body parts both visually and verbally? Journal of Turkish Science Education., 4(2), 31.","journal-title":"Journal of Turkish Science Education."},{"issue":"6","key":"9431_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.774331","volume":"35","author":"MR Palizvan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palizvan, M. R., Nejad, M. R. T., Jand, A., & Rafeie, M. (2013). Cardiovascular physiology misconceptions and the potential of cardiovascular physiology teaching to alleviate these. Medical Teacher, 35(6), 454\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0142159X.2013.774331","journal-title":"Medical Teacher"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/00219266.2010.9656198","volume":"44","author":"PG Patrick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patrick, P. G., & Tunnicliffe, S. D. (2010). Science teachers\u2019 drawings of what is inside the human body. Journal of Biological Education, 44(2), 81\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00219266.2010.9656198","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"9431_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00022.2004","volume":"29","author":"NJ Pelaez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pelaez, N. J., Boyd, D. D., Rojas, J. B., & Hoover, M. A. (2005). Prevalence of blood circulation misconceptions among prospective elementary teachers. Advances in Physiology Education, 29(3), 172\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/advan.00022.2004","journal-title":"Advances in Physiology Education"},{"key":"9431_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103778","volume":"147","author":"J Radianti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Radianti, J., Majchrzak, T. A., Fromm, J., & Wohlgenannt, I. (2020). A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education, 147, 103778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103778","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-020-09866-0","volume":"30","author":"SM Reeves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reeves, S. M., & Crippen, K. J. (2020). Virtual laboratories in undergraduate science and engineering courses: A systematic review, 2009\u20132019. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30(1), 16\u201330. hhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10956-020-09866-0","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"key":"9431_CR501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reeves, S. M., Crippen, K. J., & McCray, E. D. (2021). The varied experience of undergraduate students learning chemistry in virtual reality laboratories. Computers & Education, 104320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104320"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00180.2018","volume":"43","author":"M Remmele","year":"2019","unstructured":"Remmele, M., & Martens, A. (2019). Using stereoscopic visualizations as templates to construct a spatial hands-on representation-is there a novelty effect? Advances in Physiology Education, 43(1), 93\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/advan.00180.2018","journal-title":"Advances in Physiology Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"9431_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/3188173.3188175","volume":"5","author":"J Robinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robinson, J., Lanius, C., & Weber, R. (2018). The past, present, and future of UX empirical research. Communication Design Quarterly Review, 5(3), 10\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3188173.3188175","journal-title":"Communication Design Quarterly Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"9431_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s10972-014-9402-3","volume":"25","author":"AO Santau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santau, A. O., Maerten-Rivera, J. L., Bovis, S., & Orend, J. (2014). A mile wide or an inch deep? improving elementary preservice teachers\u2019 science content knowledge within the context of a science methods course. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 25(8), 953\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10972-014-9402-3","journal-title":"Journal of Science Teacher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015108","volume":"13","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schmidt, S. (2009). Shall we really do it again? The powerful concept of replication is neglected in the social sciences. Review of General Psychology, 13(2), 90\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015108","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9431_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2017.05.013","volume":"34","author":"D-H Shin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shin, D.-H. (2017). The role of affordance in the experience of virtual reality learning: Technological and affective affordances in virtual reality. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1826\u20131836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2017.05.013","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"key":"9431_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2021.1939700","author":"BA Simonsmeier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simonsmeier, B. A., Flaig, M., Deiglmayr, A., Schalk, L., & Schneider, M. (2021). Domain-specific prior knowledge and learning: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychologist. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00461520.2021.1939700","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"9431_CR58","unstructured":"Smith, P. S. (2020). Obstacles to and progress toward the vision of the NGSS. Horizon research. https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/NSSME\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/NGSS-Obstacles-and-Progress.pdf"},{"key":"9431_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.16-03-0113","author":"M Stains","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stains, M., & Vickrey, T. (2017). Fidelity of implementation: an overlooked yet critical construct to establish effectiveness of evidence-based instructional practices. CBE Life Sciences Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1187\/cbe.16-03-0113","journal-title":"CBE Life Sciences Education"},{"key":"9431_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118131350.ch36","volume-title":"Handbook of human factors and ergonomics","author":"KM Stanney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stanney, K. M., & Cohn, J. V. (2012). Virtual Environments. In G. Salvendy (Ed.), Handbook of human factors and ergonomics (pp. 1031\u20131056). Wiley."},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3316\/INFORMIT.546218310469595","volume":"43","author":"J Stephenson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stephenson, J. (2018). A systematic review of the research on the knowledge and skills of Australian preservice teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online), 43(4), 121\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3316\/INFORMIT.546218310469595","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online)"},{"issue":"2","key":"9431_CR62","first-page":"360","volume":"21","author":"L Suters","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suters, L. (2021). Elementary preservice teacher coursework design for developing science and mathematics computational thinking practices. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 21(2), 360\u2013440.","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education"},{"key":"9431_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526405555.n2","volume-title":"The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology","author":"G Terry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terry, G., Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 17\u201336). SAGE Publications Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781526405555.n2"},{"issue":"14","key":"9431_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1080\/09500693.2023.2190851","volume":"45","author":"M Torrijos-Muelas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Torrijos-Muelas, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-V\u00edllora, S., Osma, A. R. B., & Guijarro, E. (2023). Teachers and pre-service teachers\u2019 scientific competencies: A methodological development for a systematic review. International Journal of Science Education, 45(14), 1182\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09500693.2023.2190851","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"key":"9431_CR65","unstructured":"Trygstad, P. (2013). 2012 National survey of science and mathematics education: Status of elementary school science (No. ED548237). Horizon research, Inc. https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED548237.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"9431_CR66","first-page":"87","volume":"6","author":"N Valanides","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valanides, N., & Angeli, C. (2006). Preparing preservice elementary teachers to teach science through computer models. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 6(1), 87\u201398.","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"9431_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi603","volume":"27","author":"MHL van der Wal","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Wal, M. H. L., Jaarsma, T., Moser, D. K., Veeger, N. J. G. M., van Gilst, W. H., & van Veldhuisen, D. J. (2006). Compliance in heart failure patients: The importance of knowledge and beliefs. European Heart Journal, 27(4), 434\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi603","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"9431_CR68","volume-title":"Reframing the conceptual change approach in learning and instruction (1st)","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vosniadou, S., Baltas, A., & Vamvakoussi, X. (Eds.). (2007). Reframing the conceptual change approach in learning and instruction (1st). Emerald Publishing Limited."},{"key":"9431_CR69","first-page":"3","volume-title":"International handbook of research on conceptual change","author":"S Vosniadou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vosniadou, S., Vamvakoussi, X., & Skopelitti, I. (2008). The Framework theory approach to the problem of conceptual change. In S. Vosniadou (Ed.), International handbook of research on conceptual change (1st ed., pp. 3\u201334). USA: Routledge.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"6","key":"9431_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13023","volume":"51","author":"B Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, B., Yu, X., & Gu, X. (2020). Effectiveness of immersive virtual reality using head-mounted displays on learning performance: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(6), 1991\u20132005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13023","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing in Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09431-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09431-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09431-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T02:06:35Z","timestamp":1771898795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09431-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09431-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-1726","1867-1233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-1726","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict interest"}}]}}