{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:06:02Z","timestamp":1771650362826,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput High Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-025-09454-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T17:35:44Z","timestamp":1747762544000},"page":"657-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A systems thinking perspective on learning design in higher education"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9571-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill E.","family":"Stefaniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Giacumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Joy","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tutaleni I.","family":"Asino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"9454_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11507-5","volume":"28","author":"SR Arifeen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arifeen, S. R. (2023). Ecological aspects of online learning in higher education: A qualitative multi-level exploration ina developing country. Education and Information Technologies, 28(7), 8195\u20138217.","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"9454_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asino, T. I., & Giacumo, L. (2019). Culture and global workplace learning: Foundations of cross\u2010cultural design theories and models. The Wiley handbook of global workplace learning, pp. 395\u2013412.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119227793.ch22"},{"key":"9454_CR1","unstructured":"Banathy, B. H. (1973). Developing a systems view of education: The systems model approach. Siegler\/Fearon Publishers."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"9454_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S875","DOI":"10.1080\/14606925.2017.1353033","volume":"20","author":"TI Asino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asino, T. I., Giacumo, L. A., & Chen, V. (2017). Culture as a design \u201cnext\u201d: Theoretical frameworks to guide new design, development, and research of learning environments. The Design Journal, 20(sup1), S875\u2013S885.","journal-title":"The Design Journal"},{"key":"9454_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2190\/1N20-VV12-4RB5-33VA","volume":"31","author":"B Barron","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barron, B. (2004). Learning ecologies for technological fluency in a technology-rich community. Journal ofEducational Computing Research, 31, 1\u201337.","journal-title":"Journal ofEducational Computing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9454_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099-1743(199903\/04)16:2<133::aid-sres281>3.0.co;2-t","volume":"16","author":"BH Banathy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Banathy, B. H. (1999). Systems thinking in higher education: Learning comes to focus. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 16(2), 133\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1099-1743(199903\/04)16:2%3c133::aid-sres281%3e3.0.co;2-t","journal-title":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science"},{"key":"9454_CR3","unstructured":"Banathy, B. H. (2013). Designing social systems in a changing world. Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"9454_CR4","unstructured":"Bersin, J. (2023). Predictions for 2023: Redefining work, the workforce, and HR. the Joshbersin Company. https:\/\/joshbersin.com\/josh-bersins-predictions-for-2023\/"},{"key":"9454_CR5","unstructured":"Bersin, J., & Enderes, K. (2021). Elevating equity: The real story of diversity and inclusion. Retrieved from https:\/\/resources.equityinitiative.org\/bitstream\/handle\/ei\/248\/2021%20Bersin%20-%20DEI%20Report%20-%20Workplace.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"9454_CR6","unstructured":"Bertalanffly, L. V. (1968). General systems theory: Foundations, development, application. George Braziller Inc."},{"key":"9454_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beetham, H., & Sharpe, R. (2019). An introduction to rethinking pedagogy. In Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age (pp. 1\u201314). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351252805-1"},{"key":"9454_CR7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Systems thinking for instructional designers: Catalyzing organizational change","author":"MA Bond","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bond, M. A., Tamim, S. R., Blevins, S. J., & Sockman, B. R. (2022). Integrating systems. In M. A. Bond, S. R. Tamim, S. J. Blevins, & B. R. Sockman (Eds.), Systems thinking for instructional designers: Catalyzing organizational change (pp. 1\u20137). Routledge."},{"issue":"4","key":"9454_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/02602930600679050","volume":"31","author":"D Boud","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boud, D., & Falchikov, N. (2006). Aligning assessment with long-term learning. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(4), 399\u2013413.","journal-title":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"key":"9454_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowker, G. C., Baker, K., Millerand F., spsampsps Ribes, D. (2009). Toward information infrastructure studies: Ways of knowing in a networked environment. In J. Hunsinger, L. Klastrup, spsampsps M. Allen (Eds.), International handbook of internet research (pp. 97\u2013117). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9789-8_5"},{"key":"9454_CR9","unstructured":"Cabrera, D., & Cabrera, L. (2015). Systems thinking made simple: New hope for solving wicked problems. Odyssean."},{"key":"9454_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17461-7_101","volume-title":"Learning, design, and technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy","author":"D Cabrera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cabrera, D., & Cabrera, L. (2023a). Complexity and systems thinking models in education: Applications for leaders. In J. M. Spector, B. B. Lockee, & M. D. Childress (Eds.), Learning, design, and technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy (pp. 1727\u20131756). Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"9454_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17461-7_100","volume-title":"Learning, design, and technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy","author":"D Cabrera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cabrera, D., & Cabrera, L. (2023b). What is systems thinking? In J. M. Spector, B. B. Lockee, & M. D. Childress (Eds.), Learning, design, and technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy (pp. 1495\u20131522). Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"9454_CR12","unstructured":"Cambridge University Press. (2024). Corporate in Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved October 3, 2024. https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/us\/dictionary\/english\/corporate"},{"issue":"3","key":"9454_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.425","volume":"86","author":"JA Colquitt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.425","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"9454_CR67","unstructured":"Darling-Hammond, L., Burns, D., Campbell, C., Goodwin, A. L., Hammerness, K., Low, E. L., & Zeichner, K. (2017). Empowered educators: How high-performing systems shape teaching quality around the world. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"9454_CR60","volume-title":"Complexity and education: Inquiries into learning, teaching, and research","author":"B Davis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davis, B., & Sumara, D. (2006). Complexity and education: Inquiries into learning, teaching, and research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"9454_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11213-012-9258-4","volume":"27","author":"J Dunnion","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dunnion, J., & O\u2019Donovan, B. (2014). Systems thinking and higher education: The vanguard method. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 27, 23\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11213-012-9258-4","journal-title":"Systemic Practice and Action Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"9454_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1080\/001401300409143","volume":"43","author":"Y Engestrom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Engestrom, Y. (2000). Activity theory as a framework for analyzing and redesigning work. Ergonomics, 43(7), 960\u2013974.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9454_CR16","first-page":"2","volume":"2","author":"J Furst-Bowe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furst-Bowe, J. (2011). Systems thinking: Critical to quality improvement in higher education. Quality Approaches in Higher Education, 2(2), 2\u20135.","journal-title":"Quality Approaches in Higher Education"},{"key":"9454_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacumo, L. A., Villachica, S. W., & Breman, J. (2018). Workplace learning, big data, and organizational readiness:where to start?. Digital workplace learning: Bridging formal and informal learning with digital technologies, pp. 107\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46215-8_7"},{"key":"9454_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacumo, L. A., MacDonald, M., & Peters, D. (2021). Promoting organizational justice in cross-cultural data collection, analysis, and interpretation: Towards an emerging conceptual model. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 10(4).","DOI":"10.51869\/104\/lgi"},{"key":"9454_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacumo, L. A. (2024). Diversity and inclusion in design for learning and human performance technologies. In Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (pp. 573\u2013588). Routledge.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-024-00958-x"},{"key":"9454_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003360612","volume-title":"Instructional design for organizational justice: A guide to equitable learning, training, and performance in professional education and workforce settings","author":"LA Giacumo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giacumo, L. A., Villachica, S. W., & Stepich, D. A. (2024). Instructional design for organizational justice: A guide to equitable learning, training, and performance in professional education and workforce settings. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"9454_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemphill, H., Hemphill, L., & Runquist, R. (2023). Improving completion in online education systems: An application of systems thinking. In Learning, design, and technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy (pp. 1853\u20131889). Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17461-7_104"},{"issue":"3","key":"9454_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/1942775120936303","volume":"15","author":"MI Honig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Honig, M. I., & Honsa, A. (2020). Systems-focused equity leadership learning: Shifting practice through practice. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 15(3), 192\u2013209.","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Leadership Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"9454_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1501_4","volume":"15","author":"MJ Jacobson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson, M. J., & Wilensky, U. (2006). Complex systems in education: Scientific and educational importance and implications for the learning sciences. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(1), 11\u201334.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9454_CR19","unstructured":"Kaufman, R. A. (2006). Change, choices, and consequences: A guide to mega thinking and planning. HRD Press."},{"key":"9454_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaufman, R., & Lick, D. W. (2005). Mega-planning for online learning and technology change. In P. Rogers, G. Berg, J. Boettcher, C. Howard, L. Justice, & K. Schenk (Eds.), Encyclopedia on distance learning (2nd ed., pp. 1275\u20131282). IGI Global. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-59140-555-9","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-555-9"},{"key":"9454_CR21","unstructured":"Kiesler, N., & Schiffner, D. (2022). On the lack of recognition of software artifacts and its infrastructure in educational technology research. In 20. Fachtagung Bildungstechnologien (DELFI) (pp. 201\u2013206). Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik eV."},{"issue":"1","key":"9454_CR23","first-page":"111","volume":"9","author":"A Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, A. (2022). Digital education: Vision, perspectives and problems in changing paradigms of NEP-2020. Journal under Arts and Humanities Category, 9(1), 111\u2013117.","journal-title":"Journal under Arts and Humanities Category"},{"key":"9454_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059830","volume":"5","author":"J Law","year":"1992","unstructured":"Law, J. (1992). Notes on the theory of the actor-network: Ordering, strategy, and heterogeneity. Systems Practice, 5, 379\u2013393.","journal-title":"Systems Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"9454_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-020-00536-x","volume":"64","author":"L Lohman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lohman, L. (2020). Using soft systems thinking to craft instructional design and technology interventions. TechTrends, 64(5), 720\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-020-00536-x","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"issue":"10","key":"9454_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.3390\/su9101889","volume":"9","author":"R Lozano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lozano, R., Merrill, M. Y., Sammalisto, K., Ceulemans, K., & Lozano, F. J. (2017). Connecting competences and pedagogical approaches for sustainable development in higher education: A literature review and framework proposal. Sustainability, 9(10), 1889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su9101889","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"9454_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5204\/jld.v9i2.280","volume":"9","author":"M Lloyd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lloyd, M., & Bahr, N. (2016). What matters in higher education a meta-analysis of a decade of learning design. Journal of Learning Design, 9(2), 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Design"},{"key":"9454_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubin, I. A. (2021). ICT and International Learning Ecologies: An Introduction. In ICT and International Learning Ecologies (pp. 3\u201316). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429345463-2"},{"key":"9454_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mao, J., & Shearer, R. L. (2019). Technology affordance in online learning: A systems thinking and system dynamics theoretical framework. In M. Spector, B. Lockee, & M. Childress, M. (Eds.), Learning, Design, and Technology: An International Compendium of Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-17727-4_106-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17727-4_106-1"},{"key":"9454_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maina, M. F., & Gonz\u00e1lez, I. G. (2015). Articulating personal pedagogies through learning ecologies. In The future of ubiquitous learning: Learning designs for emerging pedagogies (pp. 73\u201394). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47724-3_5"},{"key":"9454_CR26","unstructured":"Meadows, D. (2008). Thinking in systems. Chelsea Green Publishing."},{"key":"9454_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moore, S. L. (2021). The design models we have are not the design models we need. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 10(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59668\/329.5266","DOI":"10.59668\/329.5266"},{"key":"9454_CR28","unstructured":"Moore, M., & Kearsley, G. (2012). Distance education: A systems view of online learning. Cengage Learning."},{"issue":"2","key":"9454_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2022.2064820","volume":"43","author":"SL Moore","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moore, S. L., & Piety, P. J. (2022). Online learning ecosystems: Comprehensive planning and support for distance learners. Distance Education, 43(2), 179\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01587919.2022.2064820","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"9454_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203075241","volume-title":"Ethics and educational technology: Reflection, interrogation, and design as a framework for practice","author":"SL Moore","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moore, S. L., & Tillberg-Webb, H. K. (2023). Ethics and educational technology: Reflection, interrogation, and design as a framework for practice. Routledge."},{"key":"9454_CR31","unstructured":"Ndaruhutse, S., Jones, C., & Riggall, A. (2019). Why systems thinking Is important for the education Sector. Education Development Trust."},{"key":"9454_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-019-09927-z","volume":"24","author":"L Noordegraaf-Eelens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noordegraaf-Eelens, L., Kloeg, J., & Noordzij, G. (2019). PBL and sustainable education: Addressing the problem of isolation. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 24, 971\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-019-09927-z","journal-title":"Advances in Health Sciences Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"9454_CR33","first-page":"1907","volume":"11","author":"H Parameswaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parameswaran, H. (2020). A Descriptive study on adult learning theories for learning organizations: Can it be a parachute to reach the horizon? International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(10), 1907\u20131918.","journal-title":"International Journal of Management (IJM)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9454_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/pfi.21906","volume":"59","author":"DJT Peters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peters, D. J. T., & Giacumo, L. A. (2020). Ethical and responsible cross-cultural interviewing: Theory to practice guidance for human performance and workplace learning professionals. Performance Improvement, 59(1), 26\u201334.","journal-title":"Performance Improvement"},{"key":"9454_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11213-017-9426-7","volume":"31","author":"DT Pham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pham, D. T., & Jaaron, A. A. (2018). Design for mass customisation in higher education: A systems-thinking approach. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 31, 293\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11213-017-9426-7","journal-title":"Systemic Practice and Action Research"},{"issue":"204","key":"9454_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/he.20491","volume":"2023","author":"KA Renn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Renn, K. A., & Smith, B. R. (2023). Ecological models in higher education research: Overview and synthesis. New Directions for Higher Education, 2023(204), 11\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/he.20491","journal-title":"New Directions for Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"9454_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09811-3","volume":"68","author":"TC Reeves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reeves, T. C., & Lin, L. (2020). The research we have is not the research we need. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(4), 1991\u20132001.","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"9454_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reigeluth, C. M., & Carr-Chellman, A. A. (Eds.). (2009). Instructional-design theories and models, volume III: Building a common knowledge base (Vol. 3). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203872130"},{"key":"9454_CR37","unstructured":"Salimi, F. (2024). Exploring educational technology policies and practices of the World Bank (Doctoral dissertation). https:\/\/utoronto.scholaris.ca\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/3ccd2f0f-9727-4cbc-a6a6-4a6dadd9b9b8\/content"},{"issue":"2","key":"9454_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/1476750318776715","volume":"19","author":"U Schiller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schiller, U., Jaffray, P., Ridley, T., & Du Plessis, C. (2021). Facilitating a participatory action learning action research process in a higher educational context. Action Research, 19(2), 301\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1476750318776715","journal-title":"Action Research"},{"key":"9454_CR39","unstructured":"Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. Broadway Business."},{"issue":"2","key":"9454_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-018-9168-2","volume":"30","author":"C Shelton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shelton, C. (2018). An ecological model for university faculty members\u2019 thinking about technology. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30(2), 279\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-018-9168-2","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"key":"9454_CR41","unstructured":"Stroh, D. P. (2015). Systems thinking for social change: A practical guide to solving complex problems, avoiding unintended consequences, and achieving lasting results. Chelsea Green Publishing."},{"issue":"5","key":"9454_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-020-00538-9","volume":"64","author":"SR Tamim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tamim, S. R. (2020). Analyzing the complexities of online education systems: A systems thinking perspective. TechTrends, 64(5), 740\u2013750.","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"9454_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-013-0690-9","volume":"57","author":"WR Watson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watson, W. R., & Watson, S. L. (2013). Exploding the ivory tower: Systemic change for higher education. TechTrends, 57, 42\u201346.","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"issue":"5","key":"9454_CR44","first-page":"2","volume":"9","author":"E Wenger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning as a social system. Systems Thinker, 9(5), 2\u20133.","journal-title":"Systems Thinker"},{"key":"9454_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"E Wenger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wenger, E., McDermott, R., & Snyder, W. M. (2002). Seven principles for cultivating communities of practice. Cultivating Communities of Practice: A Guide to Managing Knowledge., 4, 1\u201319.","journal-title":"Cultivating Communities of Practice: A Guide to Managing Knowledge."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing in Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09454-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09454-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09454-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T01:15:02Z","timestamp":1750468502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09454-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09454-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-1726","1867-1233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-1726","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No data was collected for this paper; therefore, the authors did not need to obtain Institutional Review Board approval.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}