{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:28:42Z","timestamp":1790904522783,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput High Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-025-09469-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T13:28:44Z","timestamp":1759757324000},"page":"871-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The impact of teacher, peer, and automated writing evaluation feedback on developing deep writing skills: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"9469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-022-09592-z","volume":"22","author":"N Almusharraf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almusharraf, N., & Alotaibi, H. (2022). An error-analysis study from an EFL writing context: Human and automated essay scoring approaches. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 22(2), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-022-09592-z","journal-title":"Technology, Knowledge and Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"9469_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.11.009","volume":"130","author":"A Bahari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bahari, A. (2019). FonF practice model from theory to practice: CALL via focus on form approach and nonlinear dynamic motivation to develop listening and speaking proficiency. Computers & Education, 130(3), 40\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.11.009","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9469_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bahari, A. (2021). Computer-mediated Feedback for L2 learners: Challenges vs. affordances. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(1), 24\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12481","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12481"},{"key":"9469_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, B., Wang, J., & Zhou, H. (2021). An intervention study to improve primary school students\u2019 self-regulated strategy use in English writing through e-learning in Hong Kong. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35:2265\u20132290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2020.1871030","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2020.1871030"},{"issue":"1","key":"9469_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"HJ Bang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bang, H. J. (2013). Reliability of National Writing Project\u2019s analytic writing continuum assessment system. Journal of Writing Assessment, 6(1), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Writing Assessment"},{"key":"9469_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2021.1936071","author":"JS Barrot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barrot, J. S. (2021). Using automated written corrective feedback in the writing classrooms: Effects on L2 writing accuracy. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2021.1936071","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"key":"9469_CR7","unstructured":"Biber, D., Connor, U., & Upton, T. A. (2011). Discourse on the move: Using corpus analysis to describe discourse structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing."},{"key":"9469_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"9469_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheng, J. (2024). The effect of audio-visual feedback on the accuracy of L2 word stress production. Language Teaching Research, 28(2), 537\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13621688221107891","DOI":"10.1177\/13621688221107891"},{"issue":"1","key":"9469_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2021.2001539","volume":"31","author":"G Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, G., Chwo, G. S. M., & Ng, W. S. (2021). Automated tracking of student revisions in response to teacher feedback in EFL writing: Technological feasibility and teachers\u2019 perspectives. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(1), 1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2021.2001539","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"6","key":"9469_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13247","volume":"53","author":"YT Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y. T., Li, M., Huang, C. Q., Han, Z. M., Hwang, G. J., & Yang, G. (2022). Promoting deep writing with immersive technologies: An SVVR-supported Chinese composition writing approach for primary schools. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(6), 2071\u20132091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13247","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9469_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.02.004","volume":"48","author":"K Cho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cho, K., & Schunn, C. D. (2007). Scaffolded writing and rewriting in the discipline: A web-based reciprocal peer review system. Computers & Education, 48(3), 409\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.02.004","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9469_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0616323"},{"key":"9469_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203771587","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"9469_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive\u2013developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.34.10.906","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.34.10.906"},{"issue":"4","key":"9469_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2307\/356600","volume":"32","author":"L Flower","year":"1981","unstructured":"Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. (1981). A cognitive process theory of writing. College Composition and Communication, 32(4), 365\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/356600","journal-title":"College Composition and Communication"},{"key":"9469_CR13","first-page":"100055","volume":"3","author":"JM Gayed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gayed, J. M., Carlon, M. K. J., Oriola, A. M., & Cross, J. S. (2022). Exploring an AI-based writing assistant\u2019s impact on English language learners. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100055.","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"9469_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geng, J., Razali, A. B., Ismail, L., & Noordin, N. (2024). Effectiveness of automated writing evaluation program to enhance EFL undergraduates\u2019 writing performance in China. Asia Pacific Education Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12564-023-09922-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12564-023-09922-5"},{"issue":"9","key":"9469_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2021.1879161","volume":"35","author":"Q Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, Q., Feng, R., & Hua, Y. (2022). How effectively can EFL students use automated written corrective feedback (AWCF) in research writing? Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(9), 2312\u20132331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2021.1879161","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"9469_CR17","first-page":"124","volume":"25","author":"G Haddadian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haddadian, G. (2024). Comparing the effects of teacher feedback, automated feedback, and integrative feedback on EFL learners\u2019 writing accuracy and writing apprehension. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal, 25(3), 124\u2013147.","journal-title":"Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal"},{"key":"9469_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hyland, K. (2013). Writing in the university: Education, knowledge, and reputation. Language Teaching, 46(1), 53\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0261444811000036","DOI":"10.1017\/S0261444811000036"},{"key":"9469_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (Eds.). (2019). Feedback in second language writing: Contexts and issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108635547"},{"key":"9469_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2020.102302","volume":"93","author":"L Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang, L., Yu, S., & Wang, C. (2020). Second language writing instructors\u2019 feedback practice in response to automated writing evaluation: A sociocultural perspective. System, 93, 102302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2020.102302","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"9469_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2024.100975","volume":"64","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. (2025). Interaction and dialogue: Integration and application of artificial intelligence in blended mode writing feedback. The Internet and Higher Education, 64, 100975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2024.100975","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"9469_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2022.2081209","author":"X Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin, X., Jiang, Q., Xiong, W., Feng, Y., & Zhao, W. (2022). Effects of student engagement in peer feedback on writing performance in higher education. Interactive Learning Environments. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2022.2081209","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"9469_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kerman, N. T., Noroozi, O., & Verberk, D. M. (2022). The effects of scripted role play on students\u2019 argumentative writing skills. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(3), 623\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12636","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12636"},{"key":"9469_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.119.2.254","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.119.2.254"},{"key":"9469_CR61","unstructured":"Lantolf, J. P. (Ed.). (2000). Sociocultural theory and second language learning. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"9469_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2003.08.002","volume":"8","author":"I Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee, I. (2003). L2 writing teachers\u2019 perspectives, practices and problems regarding error feedback. Assessing Writing, 8(3), 216\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asw.2003.08.002","journal-title":"Assessing Writing"},{"key":"9469_CR48","unstructured":"Lee, J. F., & VanPatten, B. (2003). Making communicative language teaching happen (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"9469_CR22","unstructured":"Levy, M., & Stockwell, G. (2006). CALL dimensions: Options and issues in computer-assisted language learning. London: Routledge."},{"key":"9469_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jslw.2014.10.004","volume":"27","author":"J Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, J., Link, S., & Hegelheimer, V. (2015). Rethinking the role of automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback in ESL writing instruction. Journal of Second Language Writing, 27, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jslw.2014.10.004","journal-title":"Journal of Second Language Writing"},{"key":"9469_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2022.2096642","author":"TTN Ngo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ngo, T. T. N., Chen, H. H. J., & Lai, K. K. W. (2022). The effectiveness of automated writing evaluation in EFL\/ESL writing: A three-level meta-analysis. Interactive Learning Environments. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2022.2096642","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"9469_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.4102\/RW.v15i1.487","volume":"15","author":"T Peungcharoenkun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peungcharoenkun, T., & Waluyo, B. (2024). Writing pedagogy in higher education: The efficacy of mediating feedback with technology. Reading & Writing: Journal of the Literacy Association of South Africa, 15(1), 487.","journal-title":"Reading & Writing: Journal of the Literacy Association of South Africa"},{"key":"9469_CR52","unstructured":"Smith, M. S., & Swain, M. (2016). Task-based language teaching: From theory to practice. In G. Hall (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of English language teaching (pp. 557\u2013571). Routledge."},{"key":"9469_CR54","unstructured":"Swales, J. M. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9469_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2020.102247","volume":"91","author":"L Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian, L., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Learner engagement with automated feedback, peer feedback and teacher feedback in an online EFL writing context. System, 91, 102247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2020.102247","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"9469_CR30","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"9469_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2023.2204354","author":"A Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, A., Yu, S., Wang, M., & Chen, L. (2023). Effects of the visual analytics of peer feedback on teachers\u2019 TPACK development in a lesson study. Interactive Learning Environments. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2023.2204354","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"9469_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1191\/1362168806lr190oa","volume":"12","author":"M Warschauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warschauer, M., & Grimes, D. (2008). Automated writing evaluation: Defining the classroom research agenda. Language Teaching Research, 12(1), 87\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1362168806lr190oa","journal-title":"Language Teaching Research"},{"key":"9469_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249991","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1249991","volume":"14","author":"P Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei, P., Wang, X., & Dong, H. (2023). The impact of automated writing evaluation on second language writing skills of Chinese EFL learners: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1249991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1249991","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"9469_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506725","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1506725","volume":"15","author":"Y Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei, Y., & Liu, D. (2024). Incorporating peer feedback in academic writing: A systematic review of benefits and challenges. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1506725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1506725","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"9469_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Huang, L., & Wang, Y. (2020). The impact of AWE and peer feedback on Chinese EFL learners\u2019 English writing performance. In Technology in education. Innovations for online teaching and learning: 5th international conference, ICTE 2020, Macau, China, August 19\u201322, 2020, Revised Selected Papers 5 (pp. 258\u2013270). Singapore: Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-33-4594-2_22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-33-4594-2_22"},{"issue":"1","key":"9469_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-03543-y","volume":"11","author":"D Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan, D., & Zhang, S. (2024). L2 writer engagement with automated written corrective feedback provided by ChatGPT: A mixed-method multiple case study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-024-03543-y","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"issue":"9","key":"9469_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2021.1897019","volume":"35","author":"N Zhai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhai, N., & Ma, X. (2022). Automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback: A systematic investigation of college students\u2019 acceptance. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(9), 2817\u20132842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2021.1897019","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"key":"9469_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. (2022). Promoting student engagement with feedback: Insights from collaborative pedagogy and teacher feedback. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 47(4), 540\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02602938.2021.1933900","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2021.1933900"},{"key":"9469_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2019.100439","volume":"43","author":"ZV Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. V. (2020). Engaging with automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback on L2 writing: Student perceptions and revisions. Assessing Writing, 43, 100439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asw.2019.100439","journal-title":"Assessing Writing"},{"key":"9469_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2023.2256815","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., & Hyland, K. (2023). The role of digital literacy in student engagement with automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback on second language writing. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2023.2256815","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"key":"9469_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2018.02.004","volume":"36","author":"ZV Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. V., & Hyland, K. (2018). Student engagement with teacher and automated feedback on L2 writing. Assessing Writing, 36, 90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asw.2018.02.004","journal-title":"Assessing Writing"},{"key":"9469_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2021.100586","volume":"51","author":"ZV Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. V., & Hyland, K. (2022). Fostering student engagement with feedback: An integrated approach. Assessing Writing, 51, 100586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asw.2021.100586","journal-title":"Assessing Writing"},{"key":"9469_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Zhang, L. J. (2022). The impact of automated writing evaluation on second language writing accuracy: A longitudinal study. System, 107, 102817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2022.102817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2022.102817"},{"key":"9469_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., & Xu, L. (2022). Student engagement with automated feedback on academic writing: A study on Uyghur ethnic minority students in China. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45, 3466\u20133479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01434632.2022.2102175","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2022.2102175"},{"key":"9469_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2018.03.001","volume":"37","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., & Yu, S. (2018). Student engagement with teacher written corrective feedback in EFL writing: A case study of Chinese lower-proficiency students. Assessing Writing, 37, 13\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asw.2018.03.001","journal-title":"Assessing Writing"},{"key":"9469_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13\u201339). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-012109890-2\/50031-7","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012109890-2\/50031-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing in Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09469-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09469-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09469-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T03:10:28Z","timestamp":1787713828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09469-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-025-09469-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-1726","1867-1233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-1726","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All subjects gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by Zhengzhou University of Light Industry.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author has no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}