{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:40:46Z","timestamp":1780501246275,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-017-9208-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T02:49:47Z","timestamp":1510282187000},"page":"135-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Multistatic radar classification of armed vs unarmed personnel using neural networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7007-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarez S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fioranelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9208_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1049\/PBRA034E","volume-title":"Radar micro-Doppler signatures: processing and applications","author":"VC Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen VC, Tahmoush D, Miceli WL (2014) Radar micro-Doppler signatures: processing and applications. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), Stevenage"},{"issue":"5","key":"9208_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn:20060100","volume":"1","author":"TE Derham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Derham TE, Doughty S, Woodbridge K, Baker CJ (2007) Design and evaluation of a low-cost multistatic netted radar system. IET Radar Sonar Navig 1(5):362\u2013368","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig"},{"key":"9208_CR3","unstructured":"Doughty SR (2007) Development and performance evaluation of a multistatic radar system. Ph.D. dissertation, University College London"},{"issue":"7","key":"9208_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2014.0360","volume":"9","author":"F Fioranelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fioranelli F, Ritchie M, Griffiths H (2015a) Multistatic human micro-doppler classification of armed\/unarmed personnel. IET Radar Sonar Navig 9(7):857\u2013865","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig"},{"issue":"9","key":"9208_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0058","volume":"9","author":"F Fioranelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fioranelli F, Ritchie M, Griffiths H (2015b) Aspect angle dependence and multistatic data fusion for micro-Doppler classification of armed\/unarmed personnel. IET Radar Sonar Navig 9(9):1231\u20131239","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig"},{"issue":"9","key":"9208_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0493","volume":"10","author":"F Fioranelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fioranelli F, Ritchie M, Griffiths H (2016) Centroid features for classification of armed\/unarmed multiple personnel using multistatic human micro-Doppler. IET Radar Sonar Navig 10(9):1702\u20131710","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig"},{"issue":"1","key":"9208_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2006.1593335","volume":"23","author":"S Haykin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haykin S (2006) Cognitive radar: a way of the future. IEEE Signal Process Mag 23(1):30\u201340","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"key":"9208_CR8","volume-title":"Neural networks and learning machines: a comprehensive foundation","author":"S Haykin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haykin S (2008) Neural networks and learning machines: a comprehensive foundation, 3rd edn. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River","edition":"3"},{"key":"9208_CR9","unstructured":"Jordan TS (2016) Using convolutional neural networks for human activity classification on micro-Doppler radar spectrograms. in: Proceedings SPIE, vol 9825"},{"key":"9208_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jokanovic B, Amin M, Ahmad F (2016a) Radar fall motion detection using deep learning. In: 2016 IEEE radar conference (RadarConf), p 16","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2016.7485147"},{"key":"9208_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jokanovic B, Amin M, Ahmad F (2016b) Effect of data representations on deep learning in fall detection. In: IEEE sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM), p 15","DOI":"10.1109\/SAM.2016.7569734"},{"key":"9208_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jokanovic B, Amin M, Erol B (2017) Multiple joint-variable domains recognition of human motion. In: 2017 IEEE radar conference, Seattle","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2017.7944340"},{"key":"9208_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon J, Kwak N (2017) Human detection by neural networks using a low-cost short-range Doppler radar sensor. In: 2017 IEEE radar conference, Seattle","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2017.7944304"},{"key":"9208_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seyfioglu Seyfioglu M, Gurbuz S, Ozbayoglu A, Yuksel M (2017) Deep learning of micro-Doppler features for aided and unaided gait recognition. In: 2017 IEEE radar conference, Seattle","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2017.7944373"},{"key":"9208_CR15","volume-title":"Stimsons Introduction to airborne radar","author":"GW Stimson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stimson GW, Griffiths HD, Baker CJ, Adamy D (2014) Stimsons Introduction to airborne radar, 3rd edn. SciTech (IET), Stevenage","edition":"3"},{"issue":"7553","key":"9208_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","volume":"521","author":"Y LeCun","year":"2015","unstructured":"LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature\u00a0521(7553):436\u2013444","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"9208_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122016","volume":"16","author":"J Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park J, Javier RJ, Moon T, Kim Y (2016) Micro-Doppler based classification of human aquatic activities via transfer learning of convolutional neural networks. Sensors 16(12):2016","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"9208_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parashar K, Oveneke M, Rykunov M, Sahli M, Bourdoux A (2017) Micro-Doppler feature extraction using convolutional auto-encoders for low latency classification. In :IEEE radar conference, Seattle","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2017.7944488"},{"key":"9208_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahmoush D, Silvious J (2009a) Radar microDoppler for security applications: modelling men versus women. In: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society international symposium, APSURSI, Charleston, SC, USA, pp 1\u20134, 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2009.5171873"},{"key":"9208_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahmoush D, Silvious J (2009b) Remote detection of humans and animals. In: IEEE applied imagery pattern recognition workshop (AIPRW), 14\u201316 October, Washington DC, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/AIPR.2009.5466303"},{"key":"9208_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tivive F, Bouzerdoum A, Amin M (2010) A human gait classification method based on radar Doppler spectrograms. EURASIP J Adv Signal Process 2010:389716","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/389716"},{"key":"9208_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youngwook K, Hao L (2008) Human activity classification based on micro-Doppler signatures using an artificial neural network. In: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society international symposium, San Diego, pp 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2008.4619933"},{"issue":"5","key":"9208_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2009.2012849","volume":"47","author":"K Youngwook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Youngwook K, Hao L (2009) Human activity classification based on micro-Doppler signatures using a support vector machine. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 47(5):1328\u20131337","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"issue":"2","key":"9208_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2014.2336231","volume":"12","author":"K Youngwook","year":"2015","unstructured":"Youngwook K, Sungjae H, Jihoon K (2015) Human detection using Doppler radar based on physical characteristics of targets. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 12(2):289\u2013293","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"9208_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2015.2491329","volume":"13","author":"K Youngwook","year":"2016","unstructured":"Youngwook K, Moon T (2016) Human detection and activity classification based on micro-Doppler signatures using deep convolutional neural networks. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 13(1):8\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"key":"9208_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youngwook K, Toomajian B (2016) Hand Gesture recognition using micro-Doppler signatures with convolutional neural network. IEEE Access 4:7125\u20137130","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2617282"}],"container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12530-017-9208-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-017-9208-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-017-9208-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T03:26:29Z","timestamp":1527737189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12530-017-9208-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12530-017-9208-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-6478","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-6486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]}}}