{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:34:40Z","timestamp":1781649280850,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-136468OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136468OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006318","name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/00741\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/00741\/001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-025-09746-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T03:16:25Z","timestamp":1759202185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Key influencing factors in vehicle platoons: a systematic study and review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3639-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Viadero-Monasterio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4095-9438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8061-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"L\u00f3pez Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-0023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Jes\u00fas L\u00f3pez Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3456080","volume":"74","author":"N Ahmed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmed N, Ameli A, Naser H (2025) Detection, identification, and mitigation of false data injection attacks in vehicle platooning. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 74(1):1296\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2024.3456080","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9746_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan9020022","volume":"9","author":"F Arena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arena F, Pau G, Severino A (2020) A review on ieee 802.11 p for intelligent transportation systems. J Sensor Actuator Netw 9(2):22","journal-title":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks"},{"issue":"10","key":"9746_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1177\/0954407017729309","volume":"232","author":"H Chehardoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chehardoli H, Homaeinezhad MR (2018) Third-order safe consensus of heterogeneous vehicular platoons with mpf network topology: constant time headway strategy. Proceed Inst Mech Eng Part D J Automobile Eng 232(10):1402\u20131413","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2022.3153472","volume":"8","author":"Q Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Q, Zhou Y, Ahn S et al (2023) Robustly string stable longitudinal control for vehicle platoons under communication failures: a generalized extended state observer-based control approach. IEEE Trans Intell Veh 8(1):159\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIV.2022.3153472","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles"},{"key":"9746_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y, Yan B (2023) Heterogeneous vehicle platoon control based on predictive constant time headway strategy. In: Chinese Intelligent Systems Conference, Springer, pp 679\u2013691","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-6882-4_56"},{"issue":"4","key":"9746_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2024.07.258","volume":"58","author":"C Conejo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Conejo C, Puig V, Morcego B et al (2024) A zonotopic fdi approach with lpv-based ekf in autonomous vehicles. IFAC-PapersOnLine 58(4):443\u2013448","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"issue":"12","key":"9746_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24220","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3200284","volume":"23","author":"A Coppola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coppola A, Lui DG, Petrillo A et al (2022) Eco-driving control architecture for platoons of uncertain heterogeneous nonlinear connected autonomous electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 23(12):24220\u201324234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2022.3200284","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"9746_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-its.2019.0204","volume":"14","author":"S Darbha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darbha S, Konduri S, Pagilla PR (2020) Vehicle platooning with constant spacing strategies and multiple vehicle look ahead information. IET Intel Transp Syst 14(6):589\u2013600","journal-title":"IET Intel Transport Syst"},{"key":"9746_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Descornet G (1990) Road-surface influence on tire rolling resistance. In: Surface characteristics of roadways: international research and technologies. ASTM International","DOI":"10.1520\/STP23377S"},{"issue":"11","key":"9746_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18421","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3412171","volume":"25","author":"S Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding S, Ai H, Xie X et al (2024) Distributed adaptive platooning control of connected vehicles with markov switching topologies. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 25(11):18421\u201318432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2024.3412171","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"9746_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-62004-5","volume-title":"Advanced methods for fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control","author":"SX Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding SX (2021) Advanced methods for fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. Springer"},{"key":"9746_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.05.071","volume":"145","author":"J Ejsmont","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ejsmont J, Owczarzak W (2019) Engineering method of tire rolling resistance evaluation. Measurement 145:144\u2013149","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"9746_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.03.001","volume":"47","author":"S Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng S, Zhang Y, Li SE et al (2019) String stability for vehicular platoon control: definitions and analysis methods. Annu Rev Control 47:81\u201397","journal-title":"Annu Rev Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"W Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao W, Deng Z, Feng Y et al (2022) On aerodynamic drag reduction of road vehicles in platoon. Int J Veh Syst Model Test 16(1):1\u201324","journal-title":"Int J Veh Syst Model Test"},{"issue":"9","key":"9746_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2253500","volume":"62","author":"A Ghasemi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghasemi A, Kazemi R, Azadi S (2013) Stable decentralized control of a platoon of vehicles with heterogeneous information feedback. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 62(9):4299\u20134308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2013.2253500","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9746_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19646","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3475952","volume":"25","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Saha N, Roy T (2024) A cyberattack detection-isolation algorithm for cav under changing driving environment. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 25(12):19646\u201319657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2024.3475952","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"24","key":"9746_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22057","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-024-10190-0","volume":"112","author":"Y Gong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gong Y, Zhu WX (2024) Robust control scheme for the mixed platoon system with time-varying information topologies and inaccurate state information. Nonlinear Dyn 112(24):22057\u201322085","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn"},{"issue":"7","key":"9746_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2203362","volume":"61","author":"G Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo G, Yue W (2012) Autonomous platoon control allowing range-limited sensors. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 61(7):2901\u20132912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2012.2203362","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hardes T, Sommer C (2019) Towards heterogeneous communication strategies for urban platooning at intersections. In: 2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), pp 1\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VNC48660.2019.9062835","DOI":"10.1109\/VNC48660.2019.9062835"},{"key":"9746_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2022.128155","volume":"606","author":"Z He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Z, Kang H, Li E et al (2022) Coordinated control of heterogeneous vehicle platoon stability and energy-saving control strategies. Physica A 606:128155","journal-title":"Physica A"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5394032","volume":"48","author":"GR Hiertz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hiertz GR, Denteneer D, Stibor L et al (2010) The 802.11 ieee universe. IEEE Commun Magazine 48(1):62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5394032","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Magazine"},{"issue":"10","key":"9746_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17354","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3153307","volume":"23","author":"X Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu X, Xie L, Xie L et al (2022) Distributed model predictive control for vehicle platoon with mixed disturbances and model uncertainties. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 23(10):17354\u201317365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2022.3153307","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"9746_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s12239-022-0143-6","volume":"23","author":"J Hyttinen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hyttinen J, Ussner M, \u00d6sterl\u00f6f R et al (2022) Effect of ambient and tyre temperature on truck tyre rolling resistance. Int J Automot Technol 23(6):1651\u20131661","journal-title":"Int J Automot Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR24","unstructured":"ITS E, ETSI (2019) G5 access layer specification for intelligent transport systems operating in the 5 ghz frequency band. EN 302:663"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2410831","volume":"18","author":"D Jia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jia D, Lu K, Wang J et al (2016) A survey on platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical systems. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 18(1):263\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2015.2410831","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"issue":"4","key":"9746_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-022-0128-2","volume":"21","author":"F Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang F, Deng H, Zhang L (2023) Periodic event-triggered control for inter-vehicle communications. Int J Control Autom Syst 21(4):1285\u20131295","journal-title":"Int J Control Autom Syst"},{"key":"9746_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103744","volume":"141","author":"L Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang L, Xie Y, Evans NG et al (2022) Reinforcement learning based cooperative longitudinal control for reducing traffic oscillations and improving platoon stability. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 141:103744","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9746_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1049\/itr2.12189","volume":"16","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Wu H, Gulati I et al (2022) An improved sliding mode control (smc) approach for enhancement of communication delay in vehicle platoon system. IET Intel Transp Syst 16(7):958\u2013970","journal-title":"IET Intel Transp Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"9746_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-021-1109-6","volume":"21","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, Chen Z, Fu B et al (2023) Nonlinear control of heterogeneous vehicle platoon with time-varying delays and limited communication range. Int J Control Autom Syst 21(6):1727\u20131738","journal-title":"Int J Control Autom Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"9746_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9060","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2926313","volume":"68","author":"K Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li K, Lu L, Ni W et al (2019) Secret key agreement for data dissemination in vehicular platoons. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68(9):9060\u20139073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2019.2926313","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9746_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s12239-023-0043-4","volume":"24","author":"G Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu G, Zhao R, Su M (2023) Cooperative adaptive sliding mode platoon control of intelligent connected vehicles under communication interruption. Int J Automot Technol 24(2):513\u2013525","journal-title":"Int J Automot Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2024.106007","volume":"150","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Yan M, Yang P et al (2024) Unknown input observer based neuro-adaptive fault-tolerant control for vehicle platoons with sensor fault and output quantization. Control Eng Pract 150:106007","journal-title":"Control Eng Pract"},{"issue":"18","key":"9746_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2014.0172","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao H, Xu B et al (2014) Autonomous coordinated control of a platoon of vehicles with multiple disturbances. IET Control Theory Appl 8(18):2325\u20132335","journal-title":"IET Control Theory Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"9746_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3064680","volume":"70","author":"Q Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo Q, Nguyen AT, Fleming J et al (2021) Unknown input observer based approach for distributed tube-based model predictive control of heterogeneous vehicle platoons. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 70(4):2930\u20132944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2021.3064680","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103927","volume":"145","author":"K Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma K, Wang H, Zuo Z et al (2022) String stability of automated vehicles based on experimental analysis of feedback delay and parasitic lag. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 145:103927","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43766","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3167424","volume":"10","author":"K Massow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Massow K, Radusch I, Shorten R (2022) A numerical study on constant spacing policies for starting platoons at oversaturated intersections. IEEE Access 10:43766\u201343786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3167424","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2024.3389290","volume":"74","author":"M Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M, Jim\u00e9nez-Salas M, Viadero-Monasterio F et al (2025) Novel methodology for integrated actuator and sensors fault detection and estimation in an active suspension system. IEEE Trans Reliab 74(1):2171\u20132184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TR.2024.3389290","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"issue":"6","key":"9746_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2006.10.003","volume":"344","author":"P Mercorelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mercorelli P (2007a) Biorthogonal wavelet trees in the classification of embedded signal classes for intelligent sensors using machine learning applications. J Franklin Inst 344(6):813\u2013829","journal-title":"J Franklin Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"9746_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-007-9028-z","volume":"20","author":"P Mercorelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mercorelli P (2007b) Denoising and harmonic detection using nonorthogonal wavelet packets in industrial applications. J Syst Sci Complex 20(3):325\u2013343","journal-title":"J Syst Sci Complex"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9746_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2012.09.001","volume":"35","author":"P Mercorelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mercorelli P (2013) A denoising procedure using wavelet packets for instantaneous detection of pantograph oscillations. Mech Syst Signal Process 35(1\u20132):137\u2013149","journal-title":"Mech Syst Signal Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/a10010013","volume":"10","author":"P Mercorelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mercorelli P (2017) A fault detection and data reconciliation algorithm in technical processes with the help of haar wavelets packets. Algorithms 10(1):13","journal-title":"Algorithms"},{"key":"9746_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murillo A, Vargas F, Peters A (2019) Effects of speed saturation in a predecessor-following vehicle platoon. In: 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), pp 1\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CHILECON47746.2019.8988051","DOI":"10.1109\/CHILECON47746.2019.8988051"},{"issue":"8","key":"9746_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.2016.1193209","volume":"54","author":"G Orosz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Orosz G (2016) Connected cruise control: modelling, delay effects, and nonlinear behaviour. Veh Syst Dyn 54(8):1147\u20131176","journal-title":"Veh Syst Dyn"},{"key":"9746_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.113268","volume":"179","author":"D Pi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pi D, Xue P, Wang W et al (2023) Automotive platoon energy-saving: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 179:113268","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"9746_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1080\/00207217.2024.2392292","volume":"112","author":"A Prabhakaran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prabhakaran A, Ponnusamy T, Thenmozhi, et al (2024) Fractional order pid controller optimised by hybrid algorithm for instant torque control of im motor. Int J Electron 112:1537\u20131559","journal-title":"Int J Electron"},{"key":"9746_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-024-09785-4","volume":"112","author":"H Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi H, Cao L, Ren H (2024) Distributed prescribed performance platoon control for heterogeneous vehicles with quadratic spacing policy based on eso. Nonlinear Dyn 112:15289\u201315305","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn"},{"key":"9746_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2024.130333","volume":"660","author":"Y Qiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qiao Y, Tang Y, Xue Y et al (2025) Analysis of linear stability and damping characteristics of car-following model with time delay. Physica A 660:130333","journal-title":"Physica A"},{"key":"9746_CR48","volume-title":"Vehicle dynamics and control","author":"R Rajamani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rajamani R (2011) Vehicle dynamics and control. Springer Science & Business Media"},{"key":"9746_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma K, Agrawal A, Bandopadhaya S, et\u00a0al (2019) Fuzzy logic based multi motor speed control of electric vehicle. In: 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), pp 1\u20135, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/I2CT45611.2019.9033679","DOI":"10.1109\/I2CT45611.2019.9033679"},{"key":"9746_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3385575","author":"R Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silva R, Nguyen AT, Guerra TM et al (2024) Switched dynamic event-triggered control for string stability of nonhomogeneous vehicle platoons with uncertainty compensation. IEEE Trans Intell Veh. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIV.2024.3385575","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Veh"},{"issue":"9","key":"9746_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-023-2551-y","volume":"67","author":"Z Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Z, Liu Y, Zhang L (2024) Predictor and eso-based adaptive tracking control of heterogeneous vehicle platoon. Sci China Technol Sci 67(9):2842\u20132852","journal-title":"Sci China Technol Sci"},{"issue":"2016\u201301\u20131596","key":"9746_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4271\/2016-01-1596","volume":"9","author":"K Tadakuma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tadakuma K, Doi T, Shida M et al (2016) Prediction formula of aerodynamic drag reduction in multiple-vehicle platooning based on wake analysis and on-road experiments. SAE Int J Passeng Cars-Mech Syst 9(2016\u201301\u20131596):645\u2013656","journal-title":"SAE Int J Passeng Cars-Mech Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"9746_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3390\/vehicles6030056","volume":"6","author":"F Viadero-Monasterio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Alonso-Renter\u00eda L, P\u00e9rez-Oria J et al (2024a) Radar-based pedestrian and vehicle detection and identification for driving assistance. Vehicles 6(3):1185\u20131199","journal-title":"Vehicles"},{"key":"9746_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96924","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3428341","volume":"12","author":"F Viadero-Monasterio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M, Jim\u00e9nez-Salas M et al (2024b) Robust adaptive heterogeneous vehicle platoon control based on disturbances estimation and compensation. IEEE Access 12:96924\u201396935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3428341","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9746_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M, Jim\u00e9nez-Salas M, et\u00a0al (2024c) What are the most influential factors in a vehicle platoon? In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (EAIS), pp 1\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EAIS58494.2024.10569102","DOI":"10.1109\/EAIS58494.2024.10569102"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14010139","volume":"14","author":"F Viadero-Monasterio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Guti\u00e9rrez-Moizant R, Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M et al (2025a) Static output feedback control for vehicle platoons with robustness to mass uncertainty. Electronics 14(1):139","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/itr2.70007","volume":"19","author":"F Viadero-Monasterio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M, Jim\u00e9nez-Salas M et al (2025b) Fault-tolerant robust output-feedback control of a vehicle platoon considering measurement noise and road disturbances. IET Intel Transport Syst 19(1):e70007","journal-title":"IET Intel Transport Syst"},{"key":"9746_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2025.3578936","author":"F Viadero-Monasterio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M, Jim\u00e9nez-Salas M et al (2025c) Robust adaptive control of heterogeneous vehicle platoons in the presence of network disconnections with a novel string stability guarantee. IEEE Trans Intell Veh. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIV.2025.3578936","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Veh"},{"key":"9746_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2025.3569967","author":"F Viadero-Monasterio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M, Zhang H et al (2025d) Signalized traffic management optimizing energy efficiency under driver preferences for vehicles with heterogeneous powertrains. IEEE Trans Consumer Electron. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCE.2025.3569967","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consumer Electron"},{"key":"9746_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3586769","author":"F Viadero-Monasterio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Viadero-Monasterio F, Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros M, Zhang N et al (2025e) Motion planning and robust output-feedback trajectory tracking control for multiple intelligent and connected vehicles in unsignalized intersections. IEEE Transac Veh Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2025.3586769","journal-title":"IEEE Transac Veh Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang S, Shen H, et\u00a0al (2025) A review of multi-source fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control methods for hybrid electric vehicles. Int J Green Energy pp 1\u201315","DOI":"10.1080\/15435075.2025.2450621"},{"key":"9746_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2020.102625","volume":"115","author":"P Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang P, Wu X, He X (2020) Modeling and analyzing cyberattack effects on connected automated vehicular platoons. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 115:102625","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45618","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3273610","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chu D, Li H et al (2023) Formation control for connected and autonomous vehicles based on distributed consensus embedded with risk potential field. IEEE Access 11:45618\u201345631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3273610","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"9746_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19389","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3439569","volume":"73","author":"H Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei H, Zhang Y, Lv C et al (2024) Human-assisted resilient coordination for automated platoon with false data injection attack. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 73(12):19389\u201319399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2024.3439569","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69794","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2880572","volume":"6","author":"L Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu L, Zhuang W, Yin G et al (2018) Stable longitudinal control of heterogeneous vehicular platoon with disturbances and information delays. IEEE Access 6:69794\u201369806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2880572","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"9746_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-023-01635-6","volume":"26","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu K, Yu T, Wang X et al (2024a) Distributed adaptive fuzzy coordination control of heterogeneous non-affine nonlinear leader-following systems under unreliable communication environments. Int J Fuzzy Syst 26(3):795\u2013807","journal-title":"Int J Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"9746_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s42154-024-00309-9","volume":"7","author":"T Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu T, Fan W, Chen Z et al (2024b) Robust speed and spacing control framework for autonomous vehicles via $$\\mu $$-synthesis with descriptor form representation. Automot Innov 7(4):602\u2013612","journal-title":"Automot Innov"},{"issue":"11","key":"9746_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16160","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3415660","volume":"73","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Shi Y, Tong X et al (2024c) A multi-agent reinforcement learning based control method for cavs in a mixed platoon. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 73(11):16160\u201316172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2024.3415660","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"9746_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2024.07.011","volume":"153","author":"H Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng H, Ye Z, Zhang D (2024) Dynamic event-triggering-based distributed model predictive control of heterogeneous connected vehicle platoon under dos attacks. ISA Trans 153:1\u201312","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"issue":"11","key":"9746_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7269","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.2968606","volume":"51","author":"D Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang D, Shen YP, Zhou SQ et al (2021) Distributed secure platoon control of connected vehicles subject to dos attack: theory and application. IEEE Transac Syst Man Cybern Syst 51(11):7269\u20137278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSMC.2020.2968606","journal-title":"IEEE Transac Syst Man Cybern Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"9746_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.7721","volume":"35","author":"P Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang P, Che WW (2025) Hierarchical distributed model-free adaptive fault-tolerant vehicular platooning control. Int J Robust Nonlinear Control 35(3):1281\u20131293","journal-title":"Int J Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"key":"9746_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2023.04.004","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xu Z, Wang Z et al (2023) Impacts of communication delay on vehicle platoon string stability and its compensation strategy: a review. J Traffic Transp Eng (English Edition). 10:508\u2013529","journal-title":"J Traffic Transp Eng (English Edition)."},{"key":"9746_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3540551","author":"F Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao F, Li H, Wang J et al (2025) String stability based cloud predictive control of vehicle platoon with random time delay. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2025.3540551","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9746_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3216618","volume":"24","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Xu M, Wu S et al (2023) Development of connected and automated vehicle platoons with combined spacing policy. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 24(1):596\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2022.3216618","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"26","key":"9746_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-09797-6","volume":"36","author":"S Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou S, Li Y, Tong S (2024) Prescribed performance adaptive fuzzy output feedback control for steer-by-wire vehicle system with intermittent actuator faults. Neural Comput Appl 36(26):16027\u201316070","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"9746_CR76","first-page":"1613401","volume":"1","author":"L Zuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zuo L, Meng D (2021) Zhang j (2021) optimal spacing policy for vehicle platoon control with road-friction coefficient. J Adv Transp 1:1613401","journal-title":"J Adv Transp"}],"container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-025-09746-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12530-025-09746-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-025-09746-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T12:02:30Z","timestamp":1764849750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12530-025-09746-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12530-025-09746-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-6478","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-6486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The article has been updated for addition of funding information.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"116"}}