{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T11:42:45Z","timestamp":1771328565099,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-026-09793-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T10:54:29Z","timestamp":1771325669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graph attention and multi-neural memory networks for fake news detection: FakeDetectNet framework"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dheeraj Kumar","family":"Dixit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dharmendra","family":"Dangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeetendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suvarna","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"9793_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2025.100353","volume":"5","author":"J Alghamdi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alghamdi J, Lin Y, Luo S (2025) ABERT: adapting BERT model for efficient detection of human and AI-generated fake news. Int J Inform Manag Data Insights 5(2):100353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjimei.2025.100353","journal-title":"Int J Inform Manag Data Insights"},{"issue":"2","key":"9793_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13671","DOI":"10.48084\/etasr.7029","volume":"14","author":"A Alzahrani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alzahrani A (2024) Digital image forensics: an improved DenseNet architecture for forged image detection. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res 14(2):13671\u201313680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48084\/etasr.7029","journal-title":"Eng Technol Appl Sci Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9793_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2025.100354","volume":"5","author":"PW Cahyo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cahyo PW, Aesyi US, Setianto WA, Sulaiman T (2025) A novel named entity recognition approach of Indonesian fake news using part of speech and BERT model on presidential election. Int J Inform Manag Data Insights 5(2):100354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjimei.2025.100354","journal-title":"Int J Inform Manag Data Insights"},{"issue":"9","key":"9793_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2025.2538023","volume":"19","author":"P Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cao P, Shukla PK, Shukla PK, Bhatia Khan S, Alojail M, Ramtiyal B (2025) Enhancing fake news detection for Sustainable Supply Chain Management using DistilBERT-based multi-stacked LSTM approach. Ent Inf Syst 19(9):2538023","journal-title":"Ent Inf Syst"},{"key":"9793_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106115","volume":"172","author":"Q Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang Q, Li X, Duan Z (2024) Graph global attention network with memory: a deep learning approach for fake news detection. Neural Netw 172:106115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106115","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"9793_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112800","volume":"309","author":"H Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen H, Wang H, Liu Z, Li Y, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Shu K, Li R, Yu PS (2025) Multimodal robustness fake news detection with cross-modal and propagation network contrastive learning. Knowl Based Syst 309:112800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112800","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"9793_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e27070746","volume":"27","author":"W Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen W, Dang Y, Zhang X (2025) A multimodal semantic-enhanced attention network for fake news detection. Entropy 27(7):746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e27070746","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"2","key":"9793_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2023.103594","volume":"61","author":"X Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang X, Wu H, Jing J, Meng Y, Yu B, Yu H, Zhang H (2024) NSEP: early fake news detection via news semantic environment perception. Inf Process Manag 61(2):103594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2023.103594","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"9793_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2024.01.017","volume":"5","author":"B Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu B, Mao Z, Zhang Y (2025) An overview of fake news detection: from a new perspective. Fundam Res 5(1):332\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fmre.2024.01.017","journal-title":"Fundam Res"},{"key":"9793_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3553909","author":"FG Hussain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain FG, Wasim M, Hameed S, Rehman A, Asim MN, Dengel A (2025) Fake news detection landscape: datasets, data modalities, AI approaches, their challenges, and future perspectives. IEEE Access. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3553909","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"9793_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-025-01455-6","volume":"15","author":"MK Jain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jain MK, Gopalani D, Meena YK (2025) Hybrid CNN-BiLSTM model with HHO feature selection for enhanced fake news detection. Soc Netw Anal Min 15(1):43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13278-025-01455-6","journal-title":"Soc Netw Anal Min"},{"issue":"1","key":"9793_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/5920142","volume":"2025","author":"W Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin W, Gao Y, Tao T, Wang X, Wang N, Wu B, Zhao B (2025) Veracity\u2010oriented context\u2010aware large language models\u2013based prompting optimization for fake news detection. Int J Intell Syst 2025(1):5920142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/int\/5920142","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"9793_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102595","volume":"113","author":"C Jing","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jing C, Gao H, Zhang X, Gao T, Zhou C (2025) DPSG: dynamic propagation social graphs for multimodal fake news detection. Inf Fusion 113:102595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102595","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"issue":"1","key":"9793_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89202-x","volume":"15","author":"M Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan M, Tran PN, Pham NT, El Saddik A, Othmani A (2025) MemoCMT: multimodal emotion recognition using cross-modal transformer-based feature fusion. Sci Rep 15(1):5473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-89202-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"9793_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103653","volume":"61","author":"AM Luvembe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luvembe AM, Li W, Li S, Liu F, Wu X (2024) CAF-ODNN: complementary attention fusion with optimized deep neural network for multimodal fake news detection. Inf Process Manage 61(3):103653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103653","journal-title":"Inf Process Manage"},{"key":"9793_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.127930","author":"AM Luvembe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luvembe AM, Li W, Li S, Xu G, Wu X, Liu F (2025) An adaptive auto fusion with hierarchical attention for multimodal fake news detection. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.127930","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"9793_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.104752","volume":"26","author":"M Nasser","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nasser M, Arshad NI, Ali A, Alhussian H, Saeed F, Da\u2019u A, Nafea I (2025) A systematic review of multimodal fake news detection on social media using deep learning models. Res Eng 26:104752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.104752","journal-title":"Res Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"9793_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104120","volume":"62","author":"J Qiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qiao J, Li X, Gao C, Wu L, Feng J, Wang Z (2025) Improving multimodal fake news detection by leveraging cross-modal content correlation. Inf Process Manage 62(5):104120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104120","journal-title":"Inf Process Manage"},{"key":"9793_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102172","volume":"104","author":"Z Qu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qu Z, Meng Y, Muhammad G, Tiwari P (2024) QMFND: a quantum multimodal fusion-based fake news detection model for social media. Inf Fusion 104:102172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102172","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"issue":"1","key":"9793_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05586-w","volume":"15","author":"H Rama Moorthy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rama Moorthy H, Avinash NJ, Krishnaraj Rao NS, Raghunandan KR, Dodmane R, Blum JJ, Gabralla LA (2025) Dual stream graph augmented transformer model integrating BERT and GNNs for context aware fake news detection. Sci Rep 15(1):25436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-05586-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"9793_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijdsa.20251102.12","volume":"11","author":"KS Roy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roy KS, Bina FA (2025) TweetGuard: combining transformer and Bi-LSTM architectures for fake news detection in large-scale tweets. Int J Data Sci Anal 11(2):23\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/j.ijdsa.20251102.12","journal-title":"Int J Data Sci Anal"},{"key":"9793_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2412.01825","volume":"275","author":"CO Truic\u0103","year":"2025","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Marogel M, Paschke A (2025) GETAE: graph information enhanced deep neural network ensemble architecture for fake news detection. Expert Syst Appl 275:126984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2412.01825","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"9793_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104141","volume":"62","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Yuan S, Li W, Feng Y, Yu X, Liu F, Wang C, Pan Q (2025) Heterogeneous network for hierarchical fine-grained domain fake news detection. Inf Process Manage 62(4):104141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104141","journal-title":"Inf Process Manage"},{"key":"9793_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2023.103822","volume":"89","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Cheng X, Hu Z (2024) MRAN: multimodal relationship-aware attention network for fake news detection. Comput Stand Interfaces 89:103822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csi.2023.103822","journal-title":"Comput Stand Interfaces"},{"issue":"14","key":"9793_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app15147904","volume":"15","author":"Z Yi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yi Z, Tang C, Lu S (2025) User comment-guided cross-modal attention for interpretable multimodal fake news detection. Appl Sci 15(14):7904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app15147904","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"9793_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102715","volume":"114","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Yu PS, Li C (2025) Knowledge-aware multimodal pre-training for fake news detection. Inf Fusion 114:102715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102715","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"9793_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2024.02.014","volume":"180","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Lv Q, Jia X, Yun W, Miao G, Mao Z, Wu G (2024) GBCA: graph convolution network and BERT combined with co-attention for fake news detection. Pattern Recognit Lett 180:26\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2024.02.014","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"}],"container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09793-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09793-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09793-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T10:54:30Z","timestamp":1771325670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09793-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09793-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-6478","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-6486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"25"}}