{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:01:28Z","timestamp":1784707288894,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-026-09859-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:13:35Z","timestamp":1784704415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A secure IoT-based healthcare monitoring system using sand cat optimized ECC with blockchain and optimized Bi-GRU for disease prediction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Baranidharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Velmurugadass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"9859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10101993","volume":"10","author":"S Abdulmalek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdulmalek S, Nasir A, Jabbar WA, Almuhaya MA, Bairagi AK, Khan MAM, Kee SH (2022) IoT-based healthcare-monitoring system towards improving quality of life: a review. In Healthcare 10(10):1993","journal-title":"In Healthcare"},{"issue":"15","key":"9859_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-03269-x","volume":"52","author":"BH Abed-Alguni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abed-Alguni BH, Paul D, Hammad R (2022) Improved Salp swarm algorithm for solving single-objective continuous optimization problems. Appl Intell 52(15):17217\u201317236","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"9859_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15030099","volume":"15","author":"OC Abikoye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abikoye OC, Oladipupo ET, Imoize AL, Awotunde JB, Lee CC, Li CT (2023) Securing critical user information over the internet of medical things platforms using a hybrid cryptography scheme. Future Internet 15(3):99","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"issue":"4","key":"9859_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1049\/htl2.12049","volume":"10","author":"AA Alarood","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alarood AA, Faheem M, Al\u2010Khasawneh MA, Alzahrani AI, Alshdadi AA (2023) Secure medical image transmission using deep neural network in e\u2010health applications. Healthc Technol Lett 10(4):87\u201398","journal-title":"Healthc Technol Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"9859_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13106108","volume":"13","author":"A Albakri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Albakri A, Alqahtani YM (2023) Internet of medical things with a blockchain-assisted smart healthcare system using metaheuristics with a deep learning model. Appl Sci 13(10):6108","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"9859_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/iasc.2023.035249","author":"SM Aldossary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aldossary SM (2023) Secured framework for assessment of chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients. Intell Autom Soft Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/iasc.2023.035249","journal-title":"Intell Autom Soft Comput"},{"issue":"11","key":"9859_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-09366-3","volume":"36","author":"Z Amiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amiri Z, Heidari A, Navimipour NJ, Esmaeilpour M, Yazdani Y (2024) The deep learning applications in IoT-based bio-and medical informatics: a systematic literature review. Neural Comput Appl 36(11):5757\u20135797","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"9859_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2024.3430368","author":"O Aouedi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aouedi O, Vu TH, Sacco A, Nguyen DC, Piamrat K, Marchetto G, Pham QV (2024) A survey on intelligent Internet of Things: applications, security, privacy, and future directions. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2024.3430368","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"issue":"4","key":"9859_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040796","volume":"13","author":"MF Aslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aslan MF, Sabanci K (2023) A novel proposal for deep learning-based diabetes prediction: converting clinical data to image data. Diagnostics (Basel) 13(4):796","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"9859_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8631","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03621-y","volume":"14","author":"K Balakrishnan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balakrishnan K, Dhanalakshmi R, Khaire UM (2023) A novel control factor and Brownian motion-based improved Harris Hawks Optimization for feature selection. J Ambient Intell Humanized Comput 14:8631\u20138653","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humanized Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"9859_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-023-10344-0","volume":"130","author":"I Benkhaddra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benkhaddra I, Kumar A, Setitra MA, Hang L (2023) Design and development of consensus activation function enabled neural network-based smart healthcare using BIoT. Wirel Pers Commun 130(3):1549\u20131574","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"key":"9859_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12564","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3143210","volume":"10","author":"KK Coelho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coelho KK, Nogueira M, Marim MC, Silva EF, Vieira AB, Nacif JAM (2022) Lorena: low memory symmetric-key generation method for based on group cryptography protocol applied to the internet of healthcare things. IEEE Access 10:12564\u201312579","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9859_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.107991","volume":"101","author":"S Das","year":"2022","unstructured":"Das S, Namasudra S (2022) A novel hybrid encryption method to secure healthcare data in IoT-enabled healthcare infrastructure. Comput Electr Eng 101:107991","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"9859_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-023-04641-y","volume":"55","author":"RA Eltaieb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eltaieb RA, El-Banby GM, El-Shafai W, Abd El-Samie FE, Abbas AM (2023) Efficient implementation of cancelable face recognition based on elliptic curve cryptography. Opt Quantum Electron 55(9):841","journal-title":"Opt Quantum Electron"},{"key":"9859_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231179056","volume":"9","author":"MS Farooq","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farooq MS, Riaz S, Tehseen R, Farooq U, Saleem K (2023) Role of Internet of things in diabetes healthcare: network infrastructure, taxonomy, challenges, and security model. Digit Health 9:20552076231179056","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"9859_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9065","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-024-04509-0","volume":"27","author":"A Ghaffari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghaffari A, Jelodari N, pouralish S, derakhshanfard N, Arasteh B (2024) Securing internet of things using machine and deep learning methods: a survey. Clust Comput 27(7):9065\u20139089","journal-title":"Clust Comput"},{"key":"9859_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-3312-5_13","volume-title":"Smart healthcare and machine learning","author":"R Gunasundari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunasundari R, Swathiksha U, Hemalatha S (2024) A secured IoT healthcare architecture-based access control system using deep learning. Smart healthcare and machine learning. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 175\u2013193"},{"key":"9859_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.11.038","volume":"23","author":"A Hennebelle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hennebelle A, Ismail L, Materwala H, Al Kaabi J, Ranjan P, Janardhanan R (2024) Secure and privacy-preserving automated machine learning operations into end-to-end integrated IoT-edge-artificial intelligence-blockchain monitoring system for diabetes mellitus prediction. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 23:212\u2013233","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"9859_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-02-2021-0084","volume":"36","author":"H Kaur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaur H, Jameel R, Alam MA, Alankar B, Chang V (2023) Securing and managing healthcare data generated by intelligent blockchain systems on cloud networks through DNA cryptography. J Enterp Inf Manag 36(4):861\u2013878","journal-title":"J Enterp Inf Manag"},{"key":"9859_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2090681","author":"A Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar A, Satyanarayana Reddy SS, Mahommad GB, Khan B, Sharma R (2022) Smart healthcare: disease prediction using the cuckoo\u2010enabled deep classifier in IoT framework. Sci Program. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2090681","journal-title":"Sci Program"},{"key":"9859_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measen.2023.100929","volume":"30","author":"J Lekha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lekha J, Sandhya K, Archana U, Anilkumar C, Soman SJ, Satheesh S (2023) Secure medical sensor monitoring framework using novel optimal encryption algorithm driven by Internet of Things. Meas Sens 30:100929","journal-title":"Meas Sens"},{"key":"9859_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measen.2023.100695","volume":"26","author":"AA Malibari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malibari AA (2023) An efficient IoT-Artificial intelligence-based disease prediction using lightweight CNN in healthcare system. Meas Sens 26:100695","journal-title":"Meas Sens"},{"issue":"2","key":"9859_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-021-01104-y","volume":"24","author":"A Mohiyuddin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohiyuddin A, Javed AR, Chakraborty C, Rizwan M, Shabbir M, Nebhen J (2022) Retracted article: secure cloud storage for medical IoT data using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Int J Fuzzy Syst 24(2):1203\u20131215","journal-title":"Int J Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"9859_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107630","volume":"167","author":"W Moulahi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moulahi W, Jdey I, Moulahi T, Alawida M, Alabdulatif A (2023) A blockchain-based federated learning mechanism for privacy preservation of healthcare IoT data. Comput Biol Med 167:107630","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"9859_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.914106","volume":"10","author":"A Naseem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naseem A, Habib R, Naz T, Atif M, Arif M, Allaoua Chelloug S (2022) Novel internet of things based approach toward diabetes prediction using deep learning models. Front Public Health 10:914106","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"9859_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177435","volume":"23","author":"M Osama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Osama M, Ateya AA, Sayed MS, Hammad M, P\u0142awiak P, Abd El-Latif AA, Elsayed RA (2023) Internet of medical things and healthcare 4.0: trends, requirements, challenges, and research directions. Sensors (Basel) 23(17):7435","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"9859_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27590","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3257988","volume":"11","author":"T Palaniswamy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palaniswamy T, Vellingiri M (2023) Internet of things and deep learning enabled diabetic retinopathy diagnosis using retinal fundus images. IEEE Access 11:27590\u201327601","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9859_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.health.2024.100338","volume":"5","author":"P Ratta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ratta P, Sharma S (2024) A blockchain-machine learning ecosystem for IoT-based remote health monitoring of diabetic patients. Healthc Anal 5:100338","journal-title":"Healthc Anal"},{"key":"9859_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.107969","volume":"101","author":"S Shreya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shreya S, Chatterjee K, Singh A (2022) A smart secure healthcare monitoring system with Internet of Medical Things. Comput Electr Eng 101:107969","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"9859_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100759","volume":"22","author":"F Thabit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thabit F, Can O, Aljahdali AO, Al-Gaphari GH, Alkhzaimi HA (2023) Cryptography algorithms for enhancing IoT security. Internet Things 22:100759","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"9859_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100849","volume":"23","author":"A Tomar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tomar A, Gupta N, Rani D, Tripathi S (2023) Blockchain-assisted authenticated key agreement scheme for IoT-based healthcare system. Internet Things 23:100849","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"9859_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/csse.2022.019976","author":"M Vedaraj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vedaraj M, Ezhumalai P (2022) A secure IoT-Cloud based healthcare system for disease classification using neural network. Comput Syst Sci Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/csse.2022.019976","journal-title":"Comput Syst Sci Eng"},{"key":"9859_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1188304","volume":"11","author":"JY Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu JY, Wang Y, Ching CTS, Wang HMD, Liao LD (2023) IoT-based wearable health monitoring device and its validation for potential critical and emergency applications. Front Public Health 11:1188304","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["Evolving Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09859-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09859-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09859-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:13:36Z","timestamp":1784704416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09859-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12530-026-09859-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-6478","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-6486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"97"}}