{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:15:48Z","timestamp":1768918548826,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-015-9374-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T12:43:33Z","timestamp":1451393013000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Emotion: A Unified Mechanistic Interpretation from a Cognitive Architecture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ron","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"9374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195370676.001.0001","volume-title":"Principles of synthetic intelligence PSI: an architecture of motivated cognition","author":"J Bach","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bach J. Principles of synthetic intelligence PSI: an architecture of motivated cognition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009."},{"key":"9374_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.36.2.129","volume":"36","author":"GH Bower","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bower GH. Mood and memory. Am Psychol. 1981;36:129\u201348.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"9374_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139174794","volume-title":"On the self-regulation of behavior","author":"C Carver","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carver C, Scheier M. On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998."},{"key":"9374_CR4","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Handbook of personality: theory and research","author":"LA Clark","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clark LA, Watson D. Temperament: a new paradigm for trait psychology. In: Pervin LA, John OP, editors. Handbook of personality: theory and research. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 1999. p. 399\u2013423.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9374_CR5","volume-title":"Descartes\u2019 error: emotion, reason, and the human brain","author":"A Damasio","year":"1994","unstructured":"Damasio A. Descartes\u2019 error: emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Penguin; 1994."},{"key":"9374_CR6","unstructured":"Dorner D. The mathematics of emotion. In: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on cognitive modeling. Germany: Bamberg; 2003. p. 75\u201379."},{"key":"9374_CR7","volume-title":"Handbook of cognition and emotion","author":"P Ekman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ekman P. Basic emotions. In: Dalgleish T, Power M, editors. Handbook of cognition and emotion. Sussex: Wiley; 1999."},{"key":"9374_CR8","volume-title":"In two minds: dual processes and beyond","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evans J, Frankish K, editors. In two minds: dual processes and beyond. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009."},{"key":"9374_CR9","volume-title":"The nature of intelligence","author":"J Flavell","year":"1976","unstructured":"Flavell J. Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In: Resnick B, editor. The nature of intelligence. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1976."},{"key":"9374_CR10","volume-title":"The emotion","author":"N Frijda","year":"1986","unstructured":"Frijda N. The emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986."},{"key":"9374_CR11","volume-title":"Handbook of emotion regulation","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gross JJ, editor. Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford Press; 2007."},{"issue":"3","key":"9374_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019532","volume":"117","author":"S Helie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Helie S, Sun R. Incubation, insight, and creative problem solving: a unified theory and a connectionist model. Psychol Rev. 2010;117(3):994\u20131024.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"9374_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.12.1280","volume":"52","author":"ET Higgins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Higgins ET. Beyond pleasure and pain. Am Psychol. 1997;52(12):1280\u2013300.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"9374_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudlicka E. A computational model of emotion and personality: applications to psychotherapy research and practice. In: Proceedings of the 10th annual cybertherapy conference: a decade of virtual reality. Switzerland: Basel; 2005.","DOI":"10.1037\/e705572011-046"},{"key":"9374_CR15","volume-title":"Essentials of behavior","author":"C Hull","year":"1951","unstructured":"Hull C. Essentials of behavior. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1951."},{"issue":"2","key":"9374_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.109.2.219","volume":"109","author":"J Lambie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lambie J, Marcel A. Consciousness and the variety of emotion experience: a theoretical framework. Psychol Rev. 2002;109(2):219\u201359.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"9374_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.4.352","volume":"46","author":"RS Lazarus","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lazarus RS. Cognition and motivation in emotion. Am Psychol. 1991;46(4):352\u201367.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"9374_CR18","volume-title":"Appraisal processes in emotion","author":"RS Lazarus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lazarus RS. Relational meaning and discrete emotions. In: Scherer KR, Schorr A, Johnstone T, editors. Appraisal processes in emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001."},{"key":"9374_CR19","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"RS Lazarus","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984."},{"issue":"2","key":"9374_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(92)90011-9","volume":"2","author":"J Ledoux","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ledoux J. Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1992;2(2):191\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"9374_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2002_4","volume":"20","author":"S Leven","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leven S, Levine D. Multiattribute decision making in context: a dynamic neural network methodology. Cogn Sci. 1996;20:271\u201399.","journal-title":"Cogn Sci"},{"key":"9374_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis M. Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic systems modeling. Behav Brain Sci. 2004.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0500004X"},{"issue":"1","key":"9374_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2008.03.004","volume":"10","author":"RP Marinier III","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marinier RP III, Laird JE, Lewis RL. A computational unification of cognitive behavior and emotion. Cogn Syst Res. 2009;10(1):48\u201369.","journal-title":"Cogn Syst Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9374_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2008.03.005","volume":"10","author":"S Marsella","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marsella S, Gratch J. EMA: a process model of appraisal dynamics. Cogn Syst Res. 2009;10(1):70\u201390.","journal-title":"Cogn Syst Res"},{"key":"9374_CR25","volume-title":"Motivation and personality","author":"A Maslow","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maslow A. Motivation and personality. 3rd ed. New York: Harper and Row; 1987.","edition":"3"},{"key":"9374_CR26","volume-title":"Expectancy and emotion","author":"M Miceli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miceli M, Castelfranchi C. Expectancy and emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014."},{"issue":"1","key":"9374_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00260.x","volume":"3","author":"S Mineka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mineka S, Sutton S. Cognitive biases and the emotional disorders. Psychol Sci. 1992;3(1):65\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"9374_CR28","unstructured":"Mueller ET, Dyer MG. Daydreaming in humans and computers. In: Proceedings of the ninth international joint conference on artificial intelligence. Los Angeles: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.; 1985. p. 18\u201324."},{"key":"9374_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.64.5.723","volume":"64","author":"ST Murphy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murphy ST, Zajonc RB. Affect, cognition, and awareness: affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;64:723\u201339.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"9374_CR30","volume-title":"Explorations in personality","author":"H Murray","year":"1938","unstructured":"Murray H. Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press; 1938."},{"key":"9374_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511571299","volume-title":"The cognitive structures of emotions","author":"A Ortony","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ortony A, Clore G, Collins A. The cognitive structures of emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1988."},{"issue":"3","key":"9374_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.118.3.219","volume":"118","author":"A Reber","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reber A. Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. J Exp Psychol Gen. 1989;118(3):219\u201335.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"9374_CR33","volume-title":"Implicit memory and metacognition","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reder L, editor. Implicit memory and metacognition. Mahwah: Erlbaum; 1996."},{"issue":"1","key":"9374_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2008.03.001","volume":"10","author":"R Reisenzein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reisenzein R. Emotions as metarepresentational states of mind: naturalizing the belief-desire theory of emotion. Cogn Syst Res. 2009;10(1):6\u201320.","journal-title":"Cogn Syst Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"9374_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.8.3.179","volume":"8","author":"S Reiss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reiss S. Multifaceted nature of intrinsic motivation: the theory of 16 basic desires. Rev Gen Psychol. 2004;8(3):179\u201393.","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol"},{"key":"9374_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001","volume-title":"Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructures of cognition","author":"D Rumelhart","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rumelhart D, McClelland J, PDP Research Group. Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructures of cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1986."},{"key":"9374_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.13.3.501","volume":"13","author":"D Schacter","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schacter D. Implicit memory: history and current status. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1987;13:501\u201318.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn"},{"key":"9374_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939308409192","volume":"7","author":"K Scherer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Scherer K. Studying the emotion-antecedent appraisal process: the expert system approach. Cogn Emot. 1993;7:325\u201355.","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"9374_CR39","first-page":"3","volume-title":"A blueprint for affective computing","author":"KR Scherer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scherer KR. Emotion and emotional competence: conceptual and theoretical issues for modelling agents. In: Scherer K, Banziger T, Roesch E, editors. A blueprint for affective computing. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 3\u201320."},{"key":"9374_CR40","volume-title":"Appraisal processes in emotion","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scherer KR, Schorr A, Johnstone T, editors. Appraisal processes in emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001."},{"key":"9374_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024127","volume":"74","author":"HA Simon","year":"1967","unstructured":"Simon HA. Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychol Rev. 1967;74:29\u201339.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"9374_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr1004_3","volume":"10","author":"LD Smillie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smillie LD, Pickering AD, Jackson CJ. The new reinforcement sensitivity theory: implications for personality measurement. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2006;10:320\u201335.","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Rev"},{"key":"9374_CR43","first-page":"609","volume-title":"Handbook on personality: theory and research","author":"CA Smith","year":"1990","unstructured":"Smith CA, Lazarus RS. Emotion and adaptation. In: Pervin LA, editor. Handbook on personality: theory and research. New York: Guilford; 1990. p. 609\u201337."},{"key":"9374_CR44","volume-title":"Duality of the mind","author":"R Sun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sun R. Duality of the mind. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2002."},{"key":"9374_CR45","unstructured":"Sun R. A tutorial on CLARION 5.0. Technical report, Cognitive Sciences Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy. 2003. http:\/\/www.cogsci.rpi.edu\/~rsun\/sun.tutorial.pdf ."},{"issue":"1","key":"9374_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-009-9005-z","volume":"1","author":"R Sun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sun R. Motivational representations within a computational cognitive architecture. Cogn Comput. 2009;1(1):91\u2013103.","journal-title":"Cogn Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"9374_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2008.07.002","volume":"10","author":"R Sun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sun R. Theoretical status of computational cognitive modeling. Cogn Syst Res. 2009;10(2):124\u201340.","journal-title":"Cogn Syst Res"},{"key":"9374_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2011.11.003","volume":"30","author":"R Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun R. Memory systems within a cognitive architecture. New Ideas Psychol. 2012;30:227\u201340.","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol"},{"key":"9374_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199794553.001.0001","volume-title":"Anatomy of the mind","author":"R Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun R. Anatomy of the mind. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9374_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1163\/15685373-12342077","volume":"12","author":"R Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun R, Fleischer P. A cognitive social simulation of tribal survival strategies: the importance of cognitive and motivational factors. J Cogn Cult. 2012;12(3\u20134):287\u2013321.","journal-title":"J Cogn Cult"},{"key":"9374_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, R, Mathews R. Implicit cognition, emotion, and meta-cognitive control. Mind Soc. Special issue on Dual Processes Theories of Thinking (edited by D. Over, L. Macchi, and R. Viale), 2012;11(1):107\u2013119.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11299-012-0101-5"},{"key":"9374_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2014.02.001","volume":"29\u201330","author":"R Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun R, Wilson N. A model of personality should be a cognitive architecture itself. Cogn Syst Res. 2014;29\u201330:1\u201330.","journal-title":"Cogn Syst Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9374_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/09528130600557713","volume":"18","author":"R Sun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sun R, Zhang X. Accounting for a variety of reasoning data within a cognitive architecture. J Exp Theor Artif Intell. 2006;18(2):169\u201391.","journal-title":"J Exp Theor Artif Intell"},{"issue":"2","key":"9374_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2502_2","volume":"25","author":"R Sun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sun R, Merrill E, Peterson T. From implicit skills to explicit knowledge: a bottom-up model of skill learning. Cogn Sci. 2001;25(2):203\u201344.","journal-title":"Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9374_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.112.1.159","volume":"112","author":"R Sun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sun R, Slusarz P, Terry C. The interaction of the explicit and the implicit in skill learning: a dual-process approach. Psychol Rev. 2005;112(1):159\u201392.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"9374_CR56","volume-title":"Motivational systems","author":"F Toates","year":"1986","unstructured":"Toates F. Motivational systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986."},{"key":"9374_CR57","volume-title":"Purposive behavior in animals and men","author":"EC Tolman","year":"1932","unstructured":"Tolman EC. Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York: Century; 1932."},{"key":"9374_CR58","unstructured":"Tyrell T. Computational mechanisms for action selection. Ph.D. Thesis, Oxford: Oxford University; 1993."},{"key":"9374_CR59","unstructured":"Watkins C. Learning with delayed rewards. Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge: Cambridge University; 1989."},{"key":"9374_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","volume":"54","author":"D Watson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54:1063\u201379.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"9374_CR61","unstructured":"Wilson NR. Towards a psychologically plausible comprehensive computational theory of emotion. Ph.D Thesis, Cognitive Sciences Department, Troy: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; (2012)."},{"key":"9374_CR62","unstructured":"Wilson N, Sun R. Coping with bullying: a computational emotion-theoretic account. In: Proceedings of the annual conference of cognitive science society, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. p. 3119\u201324. Published by Cognitive Science Society, Austin, Texas (2014)."},{"key":"9374_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2009.06.022","volume":"22","author":"N Wilson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilson N, Sun R, Mathews R. A motivationally-based simulation of performance degradation under pressure. Neural Netw. 2009;22:502\u20138.","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"9374_CR64","unstructured":"Wilson N, Sun R, Mathews R. A motivationally based computational interpretation of social anxiety induced stereotype bias. In: Proceedings of the annual conference of cognitive science society, Oregon: Portland. p. 1750\u201355; 2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"9374_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167204271309","volume":"31","author":"P Winkielman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Winkielman P, Berridge K, Wilbarger J. Unconscious affective reactions to masked happy versus angry faces influence consumption behavior and judgments of value. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2005;31(1):121\u201335.","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"key":"9374_CR66","unstructured":"Wright IP, Sloman A. MINDER1: an implementation of a proto-emotional agent architecture. Technical Report CSRP-97-1, University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science; 1997."},{"issue":"2","key":"9374_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.35.2.151","volume":"35","author":"RB Zajonc","year":"1980","unstructured":"Zajonc RB. Feeling and thinking: preferences need no inference. Am Psychol. 1980;35(2):151.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12559-015-9374-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12559-015-9374-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12559-015-9374-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T09:23:49Z","timestamp":1599989029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12559-015-9374-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12559-015-9374-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-9956","1866-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-9956","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]]}}}