{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:46:34Z","timestamp":1780375594964,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]],"date-time":"2012-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bus Inf Syst Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-011-0201-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T15:45:37Z","timestamp":1326296737000},"page":"31-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Cluster Analysis of Smart Metering Data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Flath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nicolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"van Dinther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Filipova-Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"201_CR1","unstructured":"BNetzA (2010) Bericht der Bundesnetzagentur zum Z\u00e4hl- und Messwesen im Auftrag des Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Technologie. Wettbewerbliche Entwicklungen und Handlungsoptionen im Bereich Z\u00e4hl- und Messwesen und bei variablen Tarifen"},{"key":"201_CR2","volume-title":"Online-Data-Mining auf Datenstr\u00f6men: methoden zur Clusteranalyse und Klassifikation","author":"J Beringer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beringer\u00a0J (2008) Online-Data-Mining auf Datenstr\u00f6men: methoden zur Clusteranalyse und Klassifikation. VDM, Saarbr\u00fccken"},{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11576-008-0108-z","volume":"51","author":"N Bissantz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bissantz\u00a0N, Hagedorn\u00a0J (2009) Data mining (Datenmustererkennung). WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 51(1):139\u2013144","journal-title":"WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK"},{"issue":"12","key":"201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2008.09.039","volume":"36","author":"J Burgess","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burgess\u00a0J, Nye\u00a0M (2008) Re-materializing energy use through transparent monitoring systems. Energy Policy 36(12):4454\u20134459","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2002.807085","volume":"18","author":"G Chicco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chicco\u00a0G, Napoli\u00a0R, Postolache\u00a0P, Scutariu\u00a0M, Toader\u00a0C (2003) Customer characterization options for improving the tariff offer. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 18(1):381\u2013387","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.414.0697","volume":"41","author":"W Cody","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cody\u00a0W, Kreulen\u00a0J, Krishna\u00a0V, Spangler\u00a0W (2010) The integration of business intelligence and knowledge management. IBM Systems Journal 41(4):697\u2013713","journal-title":"IBM Systems Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1979.4766909","volume":"1","author":"D Davies","year":"1979","unstructured":"Davies\u00a0D, Bouldin\u00a0D (1979) A cluster separation measure. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1(2):224\u2013227","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"201_CR8","volume-title":"The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption \u2013 a\u00a0review for DEFRA of the literature on metering, billing and direct displays","author":"S Darby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Darby\u00a0S (2006) The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption \u2013 a\u00a0review for DEFRA of the literature on metering, billing and direct displays. Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford"},{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/01969727408546059","volume":"4","author":"JC Dunn","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dunn\u00a0JC (1974) Well-separated clusters and optimal fuzzy partitions. Cybernetics and Systems 4(1):95\u2013104","journal-title":"Cybernetics and Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"201_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1765(85)90219-8","volume":"17","author":"C Eckel","year":"1985","unstructured":"Eckel\u00a0C (1985) A general model of customer-class pricing. Economics Letters 17(3):285\u2013289","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"201_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2005.852123","volume":"20","author":"M Espinoza","year":"2005","unstructured":"Espinoza\u00a0M, Joye\u00a0C, Belmans\u00a0R, DeMoor\u00a0B (2005) Short-term load forecasting, profile identification, and customer segmentation: a methodology based on periodic time series. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20(3):1622\u20131630","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tej.2010.05.013","volume":"23","author":"A Faruqui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faruqui\u00a0A (2010) The ethics of dynamic pricing. The Electricity Journal 23(6):13\u201327","journal-title":"The Electricity Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"201_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.06.010","volume":"38","author":"A Faruqui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faruqui\u00a0A, Harris\u00a0D, Hledik\u00a0R (2010) Unlocking the \u20ac53 billion savings from smart meters in the EU: how increasing the adoption of dynamic tariffs could make or break the EU\u2019s smart grid investment. Energy Policy 38(10):6222\u20136231","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"201_CR14","volume-title":"Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining","author":"U Fayyad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fayyad\u00a0U, Piatetsky-Shapiro\u00a0G, Smyth\u00a0P, Uthurusamy\u00a0R (1996) Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining. AAAI Press\/MIT Press, Menlo Park\/Cambridge"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2005.846234","volume":"20","author":"V Figueiredo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Figueiredo\u00a0V, Rodrigues F, Vale\u00a0Z, Gouveia\u00a0J (2005) An electric energy consumer characterization framework based on data mining techniques. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20(2):596\u2013602","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems"},{"key":"201_CR16","volume-title":"Data mining: concepts and techniques","author":"J Han","year":"2006","unstructured":"Han\u00a0J, Kamber\u00a0M (2006) Data mining: concepts and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco"},{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/25148625","volume":"28","author":"A Hevner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hevner\u00a0A, March\u00a0S, Park\u00a0J, Ram\u00a0S (2004) Design science in information systems research. MIS Quarterly 28(1):75\u2013105","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"5","key":"201_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11576-011-0285-z","volume":"53","author":"UCC Jagstaidt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jagstaidt\u00a0UCC, Kossahl\u00a0J, Kolbe\u00a0LM (2011) Smart metering information management. WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 53(5):313\u2013317","journal-title":"WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK"},{"issue":"247","key":"201_CR19","first-page":"7","volume":"43","author":"H Kemper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kemper\u00a0H, Baars\u00a0H (2006) Business Intelligence und Competitive Intelligence. HMD \u2013 Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 43(247):7\u201320","journal-title":"HMD \u2013 Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik"},{"key":"201_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-322-93955-5","volume-title":"Business Intelligence. Grundlagen und praktische Anwendungen. Eine Einf\u00fchrung in die IT-basierte Managementunterst\u00fctzung","author":"H Kemper","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kemper\u00a0H, Mehanna\u00a0W, Unger\u00a0C (2004) Business Intelligence. Grundlagen und praktische Anwendungen. Eine Einf\u00fchrung in die IT-basierte Managementunterst\u00fctzung. Vieweg, Wiesbaden"},{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1145\/1925861.1925879","volume":"41","author":"S Keshav","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keshav\u00a0S, Rosenberg\u00a0C (2011) How internet concepts and technologies can help green and smarten the electrical grid. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 41(1):109\u2013114","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888906000737","volume":"21","author":"La Kurgan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kurgan\u00a0La, Musilek\u00a0P (2006) A\u00a0survey of knowledge discovery and data mining process models. The Knowledge Engineering Review 21(1):1\u201324","journal-title":"The Knowledge Engineering Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11623-010-0107-2","volume":"34","author":"K M\u00fcller","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00fcller\u00a0K (2010) Gewinnung von Verhaltensprofilen am intelligenten Stromz\u00e4hler. Datenschutz und Datensicherheit \u2013 DuD 34(6):359\u2013364","journal-title":"Datenschutz und Datensicherheit \u2013 DuD"},{"key":"201_CR24","unstructured":"Nabe\u00a0C, Beyer\u00a0C, Brodersen\u00a0N, Sch\u00e4ffler\u00a0H, Adam\u00a0D, Heinemann\u00a0C, Tusch\u00a0T, Eder\u00a0J, de Wyl\u00a0C, Vom Wege\u00a0J, M\u00fche, S (2009) \u00d6konomische und technische Aspekte eines fl\u00e4chendeckenden Rollouts intelligenter Z\u00e4hler, Ecofys im Auftrag der Bundesnetzagentur f\u00fcr Elektrizit\u00e4t, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen"},{"issue":"7","key":"201_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.01.027","volume":"38","author":"G Newsham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Newsham\u00a0G, Bowker\u00a0B (2010) The effect of utility time-varying pricing and load control strategies on residential summer peak electricity use: a review. Energy Policy 38(7):3289\u20133296","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tej.2007.06.002","volume":"20","author":"H Parmesano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parmesano\u00a0H (2007) Rate design is the No\u00a01 energy efficiency tool. The Electricity Journal 20(6):18\u201325","journal-title":"The Electricity Journal"},{"key":"201_CR27","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Proc 21st IEEE international conference on power industry computer applications (PICA \u201999)","author":"BD Pitt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pitt\u00a0BD, Kitschen\u00a0DS (1999) Application of data mining techniques to load profiling. In: Proc 21st IEEE international conference on power industry computer applications (PICA \u201999), pp 131\u2013135"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2011.26","volume":"26","author":"C Ramos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramos\u00a0C, Liu\u00a0CC (2011) AI in power systems and energy markets. IEEE Intelligent Systems 26(2):5\u20138","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"201_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2008.4596669","volume-title":"IEEE power and energy society general meeting \u2013 conversion and delivery of electrical energy in the 21st century","author":"S Ramos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramos\u00a0S, Vale\u00a0Z (2008) Data mining techniques to support the classification of MV electricity customers. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting \u2013 conversion and delivery of electrical energy in the 21st century, pp 1\u20137"},{"key":"201_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04921-7_41","volume-title":"Proc adaptive and natural computing algorithms","author":"T R\u00e4s\u00e4nen","year":"2009","unstructured":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen\u00a0T, Kolehmainen\u00a0M (2009) Feature-based clustering for electricity use time series data. In: Proc adaptive and natural computing algorithms, pp 401\u2013412"},{"key":"201_CR31","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Proc of MLDM 2003","author":"F Rodrigues","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rodrigues\u00a0F, Duarte\u00a0J, Figueiredo\u00a0V, Vale\u00a0Z, Cordeiro\u00a0M (2003) A\u00a0comparative analysis of clustering algorithms applied to load profiling. In: Proc of MLDM 2003, Leipzig, Germany, pp 73\u201385"},{"issue":"11","key":"201_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","volume":"20","author":"P Rousseeuw","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rousseeuw\u00a0P (1987) Silhouettes: a\u00a0graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 20(11):53\u201365","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR33","first-page":"13","volume":"5","author":"C Shearer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shearer\u00a0C (2000) The CRISP-DM model: The new blueprint for data mining. Journal of Data Warehousing 5(4):13\u201322","journal-title":"Journal of Data Warehousing"},{"key":"201_CR34","volume-title":"Electricity Distribution, 2001. Part 1: Contributions. CIRED","author":"P Stephenson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stephenson\u00a0P, Lungu\u00a0I, Paun\u00a0M, Silvas\u00a0I, Tupu\u00a0G (2001) Tariff development for consumer groups in internal European electricity markets. In: Electricity Distribution, 2001. Part 1: Contributions. CIRED. 16th international conference and exhibition on electricity distribution (IEE Conf Publ No 482). IET"},{"key":"201_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57491-7_21","volume-title":"Vom Data Warehouse zum Corporate Knowledge Center","author":"B Strauch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Strauch\u00a0B, Winter\u00a0R (2002) Vorgehensmodell f\u00fcr die Informationsbedarfsanalyse im Data Warehousing. In: Maur\u00a0E, Winter\u00a0R (eds) Vom Data Warehouse zum Corporate Knowledge Center. Physica, Heidelberg, pp 359\u2013378"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR36","first-page":"275","volume":"28","author":"C Troxel","year":"1938","unstructured":"Troxel\u00a0C (1938) Class prices for gas and electricity. The American Economic Review 28(2):275\u2013289","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"201_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753866","volume-title":"Business intelligence: data mining and optimization for decision making","author":"C Vercellis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vercellis C (2009) Business intelligence: data mining and optimization for decision making. Wiley, New York"}],"container-title":["Business & Information Systems Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12599-011-0201-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12599-011-0201-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12599-011-0201-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T10:11:29Z","timestamp":1561198289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12599-011-0201-5"}},"subtitle":["An Implementation in Practice"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-011-0201-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-0202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-0202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]}}}