{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:12:48Z","timestamp":1784841168175,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bus Inf Syst Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-020-00658-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T17:04:31Z","timestamp":1593709471000},"page":"455-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":331,"title":["Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Isabell","family":"Wohlgenannt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"658_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195075557.001.0001","volume-title":"Virtual environments and advanced interface design","author":"W Barfield","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barfield W, Zeltzer D, Sheridan T, Slater M (1995) Presence and performance within virtual environments. In: Barfield W, Furness TA III (eds) Virtual environments and advanced interface design. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 473\u2013513"},{"issue":"1","key":"658_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-016-0293-9","volume":"21","author":"LP Berg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berg LP, Vance JM (2017) Industry use of virtual reality in product design and manufacturing: a survey. Virtual Real 21(1):1\u201317","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"658_CR3","volume-title":"Patterns in game design","author":"S Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk S, Holopainen J (2005) Patterns in game design. Charles River Media, Boston"},{"issue":"7","key":"658_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.257","volume":"40","author":"DA Bowman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bowman DA, McMahan RP (2007) Virtual reality: how much immersion is enough? Comput 40(7):36\u201343","journal-title":"Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"658_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/38.799723","volume":"19","author":"FP Brooks","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brooks FP (1999) What\u2019s real about virtual reality? IEEE Comput Graph Appl 19(6):16\u201327","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Graph Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"658_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-016-0102-z","volume":"60","author":"A Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown A, Green T (2016) Virtual reality: low-cost tools and resources for the classroom. TechTrends 60(5):517\u2013519","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"issue":"2","key":"658_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-008-0023-2","volume":"1","author":"HU Buhl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buhl HU, Winter R (2009) Full virtualization \u2013 BISE\u2019s contribution to a vision. Bus Inf Syst Eng 1(2):133\u2013136","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"658_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7821\/naer.2016.1.140","volume":"5","author":"J Cabero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cabero J, Barroso J (2016) The educational possibilities of augmented reality. New Approach Edu Res 5(1):44\u201350","journal-title":"New Approach Edu Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"658_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2019.1628874","volume":"36","author":"H Cavusoglu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cavusoglu H, Dennis AR, Parsons J (2019) Special issue: immersive systems. J Manag Inf Syst 36(3):680\u2013682","journal-title":"J Manag Inf Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"658_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2307\/23042803","volume":"35","author":"AR Chaturvedi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaturvedi AR, Dolk DR, Drnevich PL (2011) Design principles for virtual worlds. Manag Inf Syst Q 35(3):673\u2013684","journal-title":"Manag Inf Syst Q"},{"key":"658_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz-Neira C, Sandin DJ, DeFanti TA (1993) Surround-screen projection-based virtual reality: the design and implementation of the CAVE. In: Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, Anaheim, pp 135\u2013142","DOI":"10.1145\/166117.166134"},{"issue":"2","key":"658_CR12","first-page":"90","volume":"10","author":"A Davis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davis A, Murphy J, Owens D, Khazanchi D, Zigurs I (2009) Avatars, people, and virtual worlds: foundations for research in metaverses. J Assoc Inf Syst 10(2):90\u2013117","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"658_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drascic D, Milgram P (1996) Perceptual issues in augmented reality. In: SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, proceedings, vol 2653: stereoscopic displays and virtual reality systems III, San Jose, pp 123\u2013134","DOI":"10.1117\/12.237425"},{"issue":"5","key":"658_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2018.05.009","volume":"61","author":"M Farshid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farshid M, Paschen J, Eriksson T, Kietzmann J (2018) Go boldly! Explore augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) for business. Bus Horiz 61(5):657\u2013663","journal-title":"Bus Horiz"},{"key":"658_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.06.054","volume":"25","author":"\u00c5 Fast-Berglund","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fast-Berglund \u00c5, Gong L, Li D (2018) Testing and validating extended reality (xR) technologies in manufacturing. Procedia Manuf 25:31\u201338","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf"},{"key":"658_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.10.050","volume":"100","author":"C Flavi\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flavi\u00e1n C, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-S\u00e1nchez S, Or\u00fas C (2019) The impact of virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies on the customer experience. J Bus Res 100:547\u2013560","journal-title":"J Bus Res"},{"key":"658_CR17","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights (2019) Virtual reality market size, share & industry analysis. https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/industry-reports\/virtual-reality-market-101378. Accessed 13 Apr 2020"},{"key":"658_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freina L, Ott M (2015) A literature review on immersive virtual reality in education: state of the art and perspectives. In: Proceedings of the 11th international scientific conference elearning and software for education, Bucharest, pp 133\u2013141","DOI":"10.12753\/2066-026X-15-020"},{"issue":"2","key":"658_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000151982.85062.80","volume":"241","author":"AG Gallagher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gallagher AG, Ritter EM, Champion H, Higgins G, Fried MP, Moses G, Smith CD, Satava RM (2005) Virtual reality simulation for the operating room: proficiency-based training as a paradigm shift in surgical skills training. Ann Surg 241(2):364\u2013372","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"658_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00068-7","volume":"40","author":"A Garcia-Palacios","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garcia-Palacios A, Hoffman H, Carlin A, Furness TA III, Botella C (2002) Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: a controlled study. Behav Res Ther 40(9):983\u2013993","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"658_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-018-9577-y","volume":"66","author":"C Girvan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Girvan C (2018) What is a virtual world? Definition and classification. Edu Technol Res Dev 66(5):1087\u20131100","journal-title":"Edu Technol Res Dev"},{"key":"658_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jerald J (2016) The VR book: human-centered design for virtual reality. Association for Computing Machinery and Morgan & Claypool","DOI":"10.1145\/2897826.2927320"},{"key":"658_CR23","unstructured":"Linden A, Fenn J (2003) Understanding Gartner\u2019s hype cycles. Strategic Analysis Report No. R-20-1971. Gartner Inc"},{"key":"658_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mach V, Valouch J, Ad\u00e1mek M, \u0160ev\u010d\u00edk\u00a0J (2019) Virtual reality \u2013 level of immersion within the crime investigation. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on circuits, systems, communications and computers, Athens","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201929201031"},{"key":"658_CR25","unstructured":"Metzger D, Niem\u00f6ller C, Wingert B, Schultze T, Bues M, Thomas O (2017) How machines are serviced \u2013 design of a virtual reality-based training system for technical customer services. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, St. Gallen"},{"issue":"12","key":"658_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"E77-D","author":"P Milgram","year":"1994","unstructured":"Milgram P, Kishino F (1994) A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans Inf Syst E77-D(12):1\u201315","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Inf Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"658_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-5438(98)00057-5","volume":"11","author":"S Mills","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mills S, Noyes J (1999) Virtual reality: an overview of user-related design issues (revised paper for special issue on \u201cVirtual reality: user issues\u201d in Interacting with Computers, May 1998). Interact Comput 11(4):375\u2013386","journal-title":"Interact Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"658_CR28","first-page":"344","volume":"27","author":"MA Muhanna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muhanna MA (2015) Virtual reality and the CAVE: taxonomy, interaction challenges and research directions. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci 27(3):344\u2013361","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"658_CR29","unstructured":"Muller Queiroz AC, Moreira Nascimento A, Brashear Alejandro T, Tori R, Veloso de Melo V, de Souza Meirelles F, da Silva Leme MI (2018a) Virtual reality in marketing: technological and psychological immersion. In: Proceedings of the 24th Americas conference on information systems, New Orleans"},{"key":"658_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muller Queiroz AC, Moreira Nascimento A, Tori R, Brashear Alejandro T, Veloso de Melo V, de Souza Meirelles F, da Silva Leme MI (2018b) Immersive virtual environments in corporate education and training. In: Proceedings of the 24th Americas conference on information systems, New Orleans \u00a0","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93596-6_11"},{"key":"658_CR31","unstructured":"M\u00fctterlein J, Hess T (2017) Exploring the impacts of virtual reality on business models: the case of the media industry. In: Proceedings of the 25th European conference on information systems, Guimar\u00e3es"},{"key":"658_CR32","unstructured":"M\u00fctterlein J, Jelsch S, Hess T (2018) Specifics of collaboration in virtual reality: how immersion drives the intention to collaborate. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Pacific Asia conference on information systems, Yokohama"},{"issue":"2","key":"658_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.17011\/ht\/urn.201611174652","volume":"12","author":"NC Nilsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nilsson NC, Nordahl R, Serafin S (2016) Immersion revisited: a review of existing definitions of immersion and their relation to different theories of presence. Hum Technol 12(2):108\u2013134","journal-title":"Hum Technol"},{"key":"658_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-008-0016-1","volume":"2","author":"D Pannicke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pannicke D, Zarnekow R (2009) Virtual Worlds. Bus Inf Syst Eng 2:185\u2013188","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"key":"658_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parvinen P, Hamari J, P\u00f6yry E (2018) Introduction to minitrack: mixed, augmented and virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii international conference on system sciences, Big Island","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2018.172"},{"issue":"3","key":"658_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2019.1628889","volume":"36","author":"C Peukert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peukert C, Pfeiffer J, Mei\u00dfner M, Pfeiffer T, Weinhardt C (2019) Shopping in virtual reality stores: the influence of immersion on system adoption. J Manag Inf Syst 36(3):755\u2013788","journal-title":"J Manag Inf Syst"},{"key":"658_CR37","volume-title":"Virtual reality: through the new looking glass","author":"K Pimentel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pimentel K, Teixeira K (1993) Virtual reality: through the new looking glass. Intel\/Windcrest\/McGraw-Hill, New York"},{"key":"658_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poeschl S, Doering N (2012) Virtual training for fear of public speaking \u2013 design of an audience for immersive virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the IEEE virtual reality conference 2012, Costa Mesa","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2012.6180902"},{"issue":"1","key":"658_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1108\/eb045024","volume":"9","author":"D Raitt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Raitt D (1991) The Electronic Library manager\u2019s guide to virtual reality. Electron Libr 9(1):3\u20135","journal-title":"Electron Libr"},{"issue":"1","key":"658_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1145\/2810054","volume":"22","author":"L Rebenitsch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rebenitsch L (2015) Managing cybersickness in virtual reality. XRDS Crossroads 22(1):46\u201351","journal-title":"XRDS Crossroads"},{"issue":"4","key":"658_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1651","volume":"6","author":"MV Sanchez-Vives","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sanchez-Vives MV, Slater M (2005) From presence to consciousness through virtual reality. Nat Rev Neurosci 6(4):332\u2013339","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"658_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2009.25","volume":"25","author":"U Schultze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schultze U (2010) Embodiment and presence in virtual worlds: a review. J Inf Technol 25(4):434\u2013449","journal-title":"J Inf Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"658_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200210000-00008","volume":"236","author":"NE Seymour","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seymour NE, Gallagher AG, Roman SA, O\u2019Brien MK, Bansal VK, Andersen DK, Satava RM (2002) Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: results of a randomized, double-blinded study. Ann Surg 236(4):458\u2013464","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"658_CR44","volume-title":"Understanding virtual reality: interface, application, and design","author":"WR Sherman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sherman WR, Craig AB (2019) Understanding virtual reality: interface, application, and design, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, Cambridge","edition":"2"},{"issue":"74","key":"658_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"M Slater","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slater M, Sanchez-Vives MV (2016) Enhancing our lives with immersive virtual reality. Front Robot AI 3(74):1\u201347","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"issue":"6","key":"658_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.6.603","volume":"6","author":"M Slater","year":"1997","unstructured":"Slater M, Wilbur S (1997) A framework for immersive virtual environments (FIVE): speculations on the role of presence in virtual environments. Presence Teleoper Virt Environ 6(6):603\u2013616","journal-title":"Presence Teleoper Virt Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"658_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2019.1628877","volume":"36","author":"JH Steffen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steffen JH, Gaskin JE, Meservy TO, Jenkins JL, Wolman I (2019) Framework of affordances for virtual reality and augmented reality. J Manag Inf Syst 36(3):683\u2013792","journal-title":"J Manag Inf Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"658_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x","volume":"42","author":"J Steuer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Steuer J (1992) Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence. J Commun 42(4):73\u201393","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"658_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2307\/25148705","volume":"29","author":"K-S Suh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Suh K-S, Lee YE (2005) The effects of virtual reality on consumer learning: an empirical investigation. Manag Inf Syst Q 29(4):673\u2013697","journal-title":"Manag Inf Syst Q"},{"key":"658_CR50","unstructured":"Sutherland IE (1965) The ultimate display. In: Proceedings of the international federation for information processing congress, New York, pp 506\u2013508"},{"key":"658_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valente L, Feij\u00f3 B, Ribeiro A, Clua E (2016) The concept of pervasive virtuality and its application in digital entertainment systems. In: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on entertainment computing, Vienna, pp 187\u2013198","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46100-7_16"},{"issue":"3","key":"658_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20443","volume":"16","author":"L Valmaggia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valmaggia L (2017) The use of virtual reality in psychosis research and treatment. World Psychiatr 16(3):246\u2013247","journal-title":"World Psychiatr"},{"key":"658_CR53","unstructured":"Walsh KR (2001) Virtual reality for learning: some design propositions. In: Proceedings of the 7th Americas conference on information systems, Boston, pp 61\u201366"},{"issue":"20","key":"658_CR54","first-page":"297","volume":"8","author":"KR Walsh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walsh KR, Pawlowski SD (2002) Virtual reality: a technology in need of IS research. Commun Assoc Inf Syst 8(20):297\u2013313","journal-title":"Commun Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"658_CR55","unstructured":"Winkler N (2018) Using virtual reality in virtual teams: studying the effects of virtual team building activities. In: Proceedings of the 39th international conference on information systems, San Francisco"},{"issue":"3","key":"658_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2019.1628894","volume":"36","author":"S Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang S, Xiong G (2019) Try it on! Contingency effects of virtual fitting rooms. J Manag Inf Syst 36(3):789\u2013822","journal-title":"J Manag Inf Syst"}],"container-title":["Business &amp; Information Systems Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00658-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00658-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00658-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T09:51:14Z","timestamp":1696326674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00658-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00658-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2363-7005","1867-0202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2363-7005","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-0202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}