{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:40:15Z","timestamp":1773099615309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bus Inf Syst Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-025-00942-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T23:18:37Z","timestamp":1746746317000},"page":"981-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["High-Risk Artificial Intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Sunyaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Benlian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jella","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Jussupow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Thiebes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Maedche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Gawlitza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2022\/16773","volume":"47","author":"BM Abdel-Karim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdel-Karim BM, Pfeuffer N, Carl KV, Hinz O (2023) How AI-based systems can induce reflections: the case of AI-augmented diagnostic work. MIS Q 47(4):1395\u20131424","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR2","first-page":"241","volume":"26","author":"M Adam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adam M, Kosin D, Benlian A (2024) From detractors to enhancers: harnessing the power of ad customization for user engagement on media websites. J Assoc Inf Syst 26(1):241\u2013265","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2307\/25148689","volume":"29","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Lucas HC Jr (2005) The information systems identity crisis: focusing on high-visibility and high-impact research. MIS Q 29(3):381\u2013398","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109409","volume":"118","author":"A Albahri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albahri A, Khaleel YL, Habeeb MA, Ismael RD, Hameed QA, Deveci M, Homod RZ, Albahri O, Alamoodi A, Alzubaidi L (2024) A systematic review of trustworthy artificial intelligence applications in natural disasters. Comput Electr Eng 118:109409","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"942_CR5","unstructured":"Alura Group UK Ltd (2024) How much does CE certification cost? https:\/\/cemarking.net\/what-are-the-costs-of-ce-certification\/. Accessed 16 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR6","unstructured":"appliedAI Institute for Europe gGmbH (2023) German AI startup landscape 2023. https:\/\/www.appliedai-institute.de\/hub\/2023-ai-german-startup-landscape. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2021\/15882","volume":"45","author":"A Baird","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baird A, Maruping LM (2021) The next generation of research on IS use: a theoretical framework of delegation to and from agentic IS artifacts. MIS Q 45(1):315\u2013341","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2023.1217","volume":"35","author":"K Bauer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bauer K, Gill A (2024) Mirror, mirror on the wall: Algorithmic assessments, transparency, and self-fulfilling prophecies. Inf Syst Res 35(1):226\u2013248","journal-title":"Inf Syst Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2307\/30036527","volume":"27","author":"I Benbasat","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benbasat I, Zmud RW (2003) The identity crisis within the IS discipline: defining and communicating the discipline\u2019s core properties. MIS Q 27(2):183\u2013194","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-00324-0","volume":"3","author":"S Benjamens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benjamens S, Dhunnoo P, Mesk\u00f3 B (2020) The state of artificial intelligence-based FDA-approved medical devices and algorithms: an online database. NPJ Dig Med 3(1):118\u2013125","journal-title":"NPJ Dig Med"},{"key":"942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benke I, Schneider M, Liu X, Maedche A (2022) TeamSpiritous \u2013 a retrospective emotional competence development system for video-meetings. In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6 (CSCW2)","DOI":"10.1145\/3555117"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2021\/16274","volume":"45","author":"N Berente","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berente N, Gu B, Recker J, Santhanam R (2021) Special issue editor\u2019s comments: Managing artificial intelligence. MIS Q 45(3):1433\u20131450","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"5","key":"942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2022.104513","volume":"51","author":"J Bessen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bessen J, Impink SM, Reichensperger L, Seamans R (2022) The role of data for AI startup growth. Res Policy 51(5):104513","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-023-00644-5","volume":"33","author":"J Brasse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brasse J, Broder HR, F\u00f6rster M, Klier M, Sigler I (2023) Explainable artificial intelligence in information systems: a review of the status quo and future research directions. Electron Mark 33(1):1\u201330","journal-title":"Electron Mark"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/02683962231181147","volume":"38","author":"T Butler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Butler T, Gozman D, Lyytinen K (2023) The regulation of and through information technology: towards a conceptual ontology for IS research. J Inf Technol 38(2):86\u2013107","journal-title":"J Inf Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3616865","volume":"56","author":"S Caton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caton S, Haas C (2024) Fairness in machine learning: a survey. ACM Comput Surv 56(7):1\u201338","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR17","first-page":"14730","volume":"24","author":"S Corbett-Davies","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corbett-Davies S, Gaebler JD, Nilforoshan H, Shroff R, Goel S (2023) The measure and mismeasure of fairness. J Mach Learn Res 24(1):14730\u201314846","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2023\/17707","volume":"48","author":"W Cram","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cram W, D\u2019Arcy J, Benlian A (2024) Time will tell: a case for an idiographic approach for behavioral cybersecurity research. MIS Q 48(1):95\u2013136","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"4","key":"942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2024.101861","volume":"33","author":"KM de Nobrega","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Nobrega KM, Rutkowski A-F, Saunders C (2024) The whole of cyber defense: syncing practice and theory. J Strateg Inf Syst 33(4):101861","journal-title":"J Strateg Inf Syst"},{"key":"942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-25652-4_15","volume-title":"Information technology for peace and security: It applications and infrastructures in conflicts, crises, war, and peace","author":"T Dehling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dehling T, Lins S, Sunyaev A (2019) Security of critical information infrastructures. In: Reuter C (ed) Information technology for peace and security: It applications and infrastructures in conflicts, crises, war, and peace. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp 319\u2013339"},{"issue":"4","key":"942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/isj.12370","volume":"32","author":"M Dolata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dolata M, Feuerriegel S, Schwabe G (2022) A sociotechnical view of algorithmic fairness. Inf Syst J 32(4):754\u2013818","journal-title":"Inf Syst J"},{"key":"942_CR22","unstructured":"Edwards L (2022) Expert explainer: The EU AI Act proposal. Ada Lovelace Institute. https:\/\/www.adalovelaceinstitute.org\/resource\/eu-ai-act-explainer\/. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR23","unstructured":"European Commission (2021) Proposal for a regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence. https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/proposal-regulation-laying-down-harmonised-rules-artificial-intelligence. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR24","unstructured":"European Union (2024) Regulation (EU) 2024\/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300\/2008, (EU) No 167\/2013, (EU) No 168\/2013, (EU) 2018\/858, (EU) 2018\/1139 and (EU) 2019\/2144 and Directives 2014\/90\/EU, (EU) 2016\/797 and (EU) 2020\/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act) (2024). https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2024\/1689\/oj"},{"key":"942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-011-0002-y","volume":"2","author":"A Fekete","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fekete A (2011) Common criteria for the assessment of critical infrastructures. Int J Disaster Risk Sci 2:15\u201324","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Sci"},{"key":"942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0265-1","volume":"43","author":"M Franz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franz M, Popp K, Schaefer R, Sitte W, Schneider C, Hardt J, Decker O, Braehler E (2008) Alexithymia in the German general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:54\u201362","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2023.2184685","volume":"20","author":"AG Fraser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fraser AG, Biasin E, Bijnens B, Bruining N, Caiani EG, Cobbaert K, Davies RH, Gilbert SH, Hovestadt L, Kamenjasevic E (2023) Artificial intelligence in medical device software and high-risk medical devices\u2014a review of definitions, expert recommendations and regulatory initiatives. Exp Rev Med Devices 20(6):467\u2013491","journal-title":"Exp Rev Med Devices"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51725-8","volume":"15","author":"HML Frazer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frazer HML, Pe\u00f1a-Solorzano CA, Kwok CF, Elliott MS, Chen Y, Wang C, Team TB, Lippey JF, Hopper JL, Brotchie P, Carneiro G, McCarthy DJ (2024) Comparison of AI-integrated pathways with human-AI interaction in population mammographic screening for breast cancer. Nat Commun 15(1):7525","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2021\/16553","volume":"45","author":"A F\u00fcgener","year":"2021","unstructured":"F\u00fcgener A, Grahl J, Gupta A, Ketter W (2021) Will humans-in-the-loop become borgs? Merits and pitfalls of working with AI. MIS Q 45(3):1527\u20131556","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2021.1079","volume":"33","author":"A F\u00fcgener","year":"2022","unstructured":"F\u00fcgener A, Grahl J, Gupta A, Ketter W (2022) Cognitive challenges in human\u2013artificial intelligence collaboration: Investigating the path toward productive delegation. Inf Syst Res 33(2):678\u2013696","journal-title":"Inf Syst Res"},{"key":"942_CR31","unstructured":"Future of Life Institute (2024) Annex III: High-risk AI systems referred to in article 6(2). https:\/\/artificialintelligenceact.eu\/annex\/3\/. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"issue":"30","key":"942_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26602","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03759-8","volume":"42","author":"R Garc\u00eda-Ros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Ros R, P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez F, Tom\u00e1s JM, Sancho P (2023) Effects of self-regulated learning and procrastination on academic stress, subjective well-being, and academic achievement in secondary education. Curr Psychol 42(30):26602\u201326616","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"942_CR33","first-page":"1212","volume":"25","author":"M Gierlich-Joas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gierlich-Joas M, Baiyere A, Hess T (2024) Inverse transparency and the quest for empowerment through the design of digital workplace technologies. J Assoc Inf Syst 25(5):1212\u20131239","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000089","volume":"19","author":"K Goddard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goddard K, Roudsari A, Wyatt JC (2012) Automation bias: a systematic review of frequency, effect mediators, and mitigators. J Am Med Inform Assoc 19(1):121\u2013127","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.271","volume":"2","author":"JJ Gross","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gross JJ (1998) The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Rev Gen Psychol 2(3):271\u2013299","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol"},{"key":"942_CR36","unstructured":"Harford T (2012) High-frequency trading and the $440m mistake. BBC. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-19214294. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez J, Lovejoy J, McDuff D, Suh J, O\u2019Brien T, Sethumadhavan A, Greene G, Picard R, Czerwinski M (2021) Guidelines for assessing and minimizing risks of emotion recognition applications. In: 9th International conference on affective computing and intelligent interaction, Virtual Conference","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII52823.2021.9597452"},{"key":"942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-25652-4_14","volume-title":"Information technology for peace and security: It applications and infrastructures in conflicts, crises, war, and peace","author":"M Hollick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hollick M, Katzenbeisser S (2019) Resilient critical infrastructures. In: Reuter C (ed) Information technology for peace and security: It applications and infrastructures in conflicts, crises, war, and peace. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp 305\u2013318"},{"key":"942_CR39","unstructured":"Honold D, Reiche E, Wacker G (2023) Venture capital market study 2023. https:\/\/www.bvkap.de\/files\/content\/Studien\/Venture%20capital%20market%20study_23_Honold%20et.%20al.pdf. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"942_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2023.3235712","volume":"56","author":"I Hupont","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hupont I, Micheli M, Delipetrev B, G\u00f3mez E, Garrido JS (2023) Documenting high-risk AI: a European regulatory perspective. Comput 56(5):18\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MC.2023.3235712","journal-title":"Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-022-00750-2","volume":"64","author":"E Jussupow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jussupow E, Spohrer K, Heinzl A (2022) Radiologists\u2019 usage of diagnostic AI systems: The role of diagnostic self-efficacy for sensemaking from confirmation and disconfirmation. Bus Inf Syst Eng 64(3):293\u2013309","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2020.0980","volume":"32","author":"E Jussupow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jussupow E, Spohrer K, Heinzl A, Gawlitza J (2021) Augmenting medical diagnosis decisions? An investigation into physicians\u2019 decision-making process with artificial intelligence. Inf Syst Res 32(3):713\u2013735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/isre.2020.0980","journal-title":"Inf Syst Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"942_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0186-1","volume":"2","author":"GA Kaissis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaissis GA, Makowski MR, R\u00fcckert D, Braren RF (2020) Secure, privacy-preserving and federated machine learning in medical imaging. Nat Mach Intell 2(6):305\u2013311","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"issue":"6","key":"942_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981221076121","volume":"2676","author":"MM Karim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karim MM, Li Y, Qin R (2022) Toward explainable artificial intelligence for early anticipation of traffic accidents. Transp Res Rec 2676(6):743\u2013755","journal-title":"Transp Res Rec"},{"issue":"14","key":"942_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1477967","volume":"22","author":"J Kemper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kemper J, Kolkman D (2019) Transparent to whom? No algorithmic accountability without a critical audience. Inf Commun Soc 22(14):2081\u20132096","journal-title":"Inf Commun Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2022.1167","volume":"34","author":"W Ketter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ketter W, Schroer K, Valogianni K (2023) Information systems research for smart sustainable mobility: a framework and call for action. Inf Syst Res 34(3):1045\u20131065","journal-title":"Inf Syst Res"},{"key":"942_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3231444","volume":"11","author":"MA Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan MA, Saleh AM, Waseem M, Sajjad IA (2022) Artificial intelligence enabled demand response: prospects and challenges in smart grid environment. IEEE Access 11:1477\u20131505","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2021.1927212","volume":"31","author":"N Kordzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kordzadeh N, Ghasemaghaei M (2022) Algorithmic bias: review, synthesis, and future research directions. Eur J Inf Syst 31(3):388\u2013409","journal-title":"Eur J Inf Syst"},{"key":"942_CR49","unstructured":"Kulicke M (2023) Spin-offs aus Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen in Deutschland und weiteren L\u00e4ndern. https:\/\/www.stifterverband.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-11\/spin-offs_aus_hochschulen_und_forschungseinrichtungen_in_deutschland_und_weiteren_laendern.pdf. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105894","volume":"120","author":"P Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar P, Chauhan S, Awasthi LK (2023) Artificial intelligence in healthcare: review, ethics, trust challenges and future research directions. Eng Appl Artif Intell 120:105894","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2021.1549","volume":"33","author":"S Lebovitz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lebovitz S, Lifshitz-Assaf H, Levina N (2022) To engage or not to engage with AI for critical judgments: How professionals deal with opacity when using AI for medical diagnosis. Organ Sci 33(1):126\u2013148","journal-title":"Organ Sci"},{"key":"942_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long D, Magerko B (2020) What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, Yokohama","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376727"},{"issue":"4","key":"942_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-019-00600-8","volume":"61","author":"A Maedche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maedche A, Legner C, Benlian A, Berger B, Gimpel H, Hess T, Hinz O, Morana S, S\u00f6llner M (2019) AI-based digital assistants. Bus Inf Syst Eng 61(4):535\u2013544","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"key":"942_CR54","unstructured":"MedDev Compliance Ltd (2024) How long does it take to CE-mark a medical device? https:\/\/mdrc-services.com\/ce-marking-timelines\/. Accessed 17 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR55","unstructured":"M\u00fcnsterland e.V. (2024) Project DeepEye: Protecting against age blindness with AI. https:\/\/www.muensterland.com\/en\/economy\/business-location\/innovations\/innovation-stories\/deep-eye\/. Accessed 13 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagb\u00f8l PR, M\u00fcller O, Krancher O (2021) Designing a risk assessment tool for artificial intelligence systems. In: 16th International conference on design science research in information systems and technology, Kristiansand","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-82405-1_32"},{"key":"942_CR57","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) (2023) AI risk management framework. https:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/ai\/nist.ai.100-1.pdf. Accessed 12 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR58","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Metacognition: knowing about knowing","author":"TO Nelson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nelson TO, Narens L (1994) Why investigate metacognition? In: Metcalfe J, Shimamura AP (eds) Metacognition: knowing about knowing. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 1\u201325"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00787-x","volume":"65","author":"J Pfeiffer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pfeiffer J, Gutschow J, Haas C, M\u00f6slein F, Maspfuhl O, Borgers F, Alpsancar S (2023) Algorithmic fairness in AI. Bus Inf Syst Eng 65(2):209\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-023-00787-x","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"key":"942_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-024-00902-6","volume":"66","author":"J Pfeiffer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pfeiffer J, Lachenmaier JF, Hinz O, van der Aalst W (2024) New laws and regulation. Bus Inf Syst Eng 66:653\u2013666","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbah.2024.100062","volume":"2","author":"M Pinski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pinski M, Benlian A (2024) AI literacy for users \u2013 a comprehensive review and future research directions of learning methods, components, and effects. Comput Hum Behav Artif Hum 2(1):100062","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav Artif Hum"},{"issue":"18","key":"942_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13182992","volume":"13","author":"A-I Piraianu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piraianu A-I, Fulga A, Musat CL, Ciobotaru O-R, Poalelungi DG, Stamate E, Ciobotaru O, Fulga I (2023) Enhancing the evidence with algorithms: how artificial intelligence is transforming forensic medicine. Diagn 13(18):2992","journal-title":"Diagn"},{"issue":"5","key":"942_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x","volume":"1","author":"C Rudin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rudin C (2019) Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead. Nat Mach Intell 1(5):206\u2013215","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"key":"942_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.10.013","volume":"152","author":"PMS S\u00e1nchez","year":"2024","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez PMS, Celdr\u00e1n AH, Xie N, Bovet G, P\u00e9rez GM, Stiller B (2024) FederatedTrust: a solution for trustworthy federated learning. Futur Gen Comput Syst 152:83\u201398","journal-title":"Futur Gen Comput Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"942_CR65","first-page":"1187","volume":"315","author":"TE Sangers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sangers TE, Wakkee M, Moolenburgh FJ, Nijsten T, Lugtenberg M (2023) Towards successful implementation of artificial intelligence in skin cancer care: a qualitative study exploring the views of dermatologists and general practitioners. Arch Dermatol Res 315(5):1187\u20131195","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR66","first-page":"556","volume":"52","author":"T Schoormann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schoormann T, Strobel G, M\u00f6ller F, Petrik D, Zschech P (2023) Artificial intelligence for sustainability \u2013\u00a0a systematic review of information systems literature. Commun Assoc Inf Syst 52(1):556\u2013592","journal-title":"Commun Assoc Inf Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR67","first-page":"460","volume":"21","author":"S Schuetz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schuetz S, Venkatesh V (2020) The rise of human machines: How cognitive computing systems challenge assumptions of user-system interaction. J Assoc Inf Syst 21(2):460\u2013482","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"942_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulte-Althoff M, F\u00fcrstenau D, Lee GM (2021) A scaling perspective on AI startups. In: 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2021.784"},{"issue":"9","key":"942_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-023-05412-w","volume":"5","author":"T Schultz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schultz T, Maedche A (2023) Biosignals meet adaptive systems. SN Appl Sci 5(9):234","journal-title":"SN Appl Sci"},{"key":"942_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2023.103178","volume":"182","author":"J Seitz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seitz J, Benke I, Heinzl A, Maedche A (2024) The impact of video meeting systems on psychological user states: a state-of-the-art review. Int J Hum-Comput Stud 182:103178","journal-title":"Int J Hum-Comput Stud"},{"key":"942_CR71","unstructured":"Shirouzu N, Kirkham C (2024) Tesla's robotaxi push hinges on 'black box' AI gamble. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/tesla-gambles-black-box-ai-tech-robotaxis-2024-10-10\/. Accessed 12 Jan 2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-023-00292-7","volume":"4","author":"K Simbeck","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simbeck K (2024) They shall be fair, transparent, and robust: auditing learning analytics systems. AI Ethics 4(2):555\u2013571","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3569898","volume":"30","author":"P Slovak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Slovak P, Antle A, Theofanopoulou N, Daud\u00e9n Roquet C, Gross J, Isbister K (2023) Designing for emotion regulation interventions: an agenda for HCI theory and research. ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 30(1):1\u201351","journal-title":"ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-021-00734-8","volume":"64","author":"S Spiekermann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spiekermann S, Krasnova H, Hinz O, Baumann A, Benlian A, Gimpel H, Heimbach I, K\u00f6ster A, Maedche A, Niehaves B (2022) Values and ethics in information systems: a state-of-the-art analysis and avenues for future research. Bus Inf Syst Eng 64(2):247\u2013264","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"key":"942_CR75","unstructured":"Stacey K (2023) UK risks scandal over \u2018bias\u2019 in AI tools in use across public sector. BBC. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2023\/oct\/23\/uk-risks-scandal-over-bias-in-ai-tools-in-use-across-public-sector. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"key":"942_CR76","unstructured":"Taudien A, Walzner DD, Fuegener A, Gupta A, Ketter W (2024) Know thyself: the relationship between metacognition and human-AI collaboration. In: International conference on information systems, Bangkok"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2021\/16535","volume":"45","author":"MH Teodorescu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teodorescu MH, Morse L, Awwad Y, Kane GC (2021) Failures of fairness in automation require a deeper understanding of human-ML augmentation. MIS Q 45(3):1483\u20131500","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-020-00441-4","volume":"31","author":"S Thiebes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thiebes S, Lins S, Sunyaev A (2021) Trustworthy artificial intelligence. Electron Mark 31(2):447\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-020-00441-4","journal-title":"Electron Mark"},{"key":"942_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tjoa S, Temper PKM, Temper M, Zanol J, Wagner M, Holzinger A (2022) AIRMan: An artificial intelligence (AI) risk management system. In: 2022 International Conference on Advanced Enterprise Information System, London","DOI":"10.1109\/AEIS59450.2022.00017"},{"key":"942_CR80","unstructured":"Tranberg P (2023) Corporate Europe: US big tech lobbied against generative AI as high risk in the AI act. DataEthics. https:\/\/dataethics.eu\/corporate-europe-us-big-tech-lobbied-against-generative-ai-as-high-risk-in-the-ai-act\/. Accessed 9 Nov 2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"942_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00822-x","volume":"65","author":"M Trier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trier M, Kundisch D, Beverungen D, M\u00fcller O, Schryen G, Mirbabaie M, Trang S (2023) Digital responsibility: a multilevel framework for responsible digitalization. Bus Inf Syst Eng 65(4):463\u2013474","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"key":"942_CR82","unstructured":"Ungoed-Thomas J, Abdulahi Y (2024) Warnings AI tools used by government on UK public are \u2018racist and biased\u2019. The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/article\/2024\/aug\/25\/register-aims-to-quash-fears-over-racist-and-biased-ai-tools-used-on-uk-public. Accessed 10 Jan 2025"},{"key":"942_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-02024-1","volume":"8","author":"M Vaccaro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaccaro M, Almaatouq A, Malone T (2024) When combinations of humans and AI are useful: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nat Hum Behav 8:1\u201311","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"942_CR84","unstructured":"Vanta (2024) How much does ISO 27001 certification cost? https:\/\/www.vanta.com\/collection\/iso-27001\/iso-27001-certification-cost. Accessed 16 Nov 2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-07-2021-0419","volume":"122","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chung SH (2022) Artificial intelligence in safety-critical systems: a systematic review. Ind Manag Data Syst 122(2):442\u2013470","journal-title":"Ind Manag Data Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2021.1977729","volume":"32","author":"M Wiener","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wiener M, Cram WA, Benlian A (2023) Algorithmic control and gig workers: a legitimacy perspective of Uber drivers. Eur J Inf Syst 32(3):485\u2013507","journal-title":"Eur J Inf Syst"},{"key":"942_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson C, Ghosh A, Jiang S, Mislove A, Baker L, Szary J, Trindel K, Polli F (2021) Building and auditing fair algorithms: a case study in candidate screening. In: 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, virtual conference","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445928"},{"issue":"4","key":"942_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2024.101864","volume":"33","author":"J Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang J, Amrollahi A, Marrone M (2024) Harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence: affordances, constraints, and strategic implications for professional services. J Strateg Inf Syst 33(4):101864","journal-title":"J Strateg Inf Syst"}],"container-title":["Business & Information Systems Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12599-025-00942-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12599-025-00942-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12599-025-00942-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:02:04Z","timestamp":1764316924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12599-025-00942-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-025-00942-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2363-7005","1867-0202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2363-7005","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-0202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}