{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:11:28Z","timestamp":1783743088645,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H04295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H04295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K20625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K20625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K20406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K20406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA2386-19-1-4041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA2386-19-1-4041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018237","name":"AOARD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018237","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Socionetwork Strat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12626-022-00102-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T08:02:31Z","timestamp":1643097751000},"page":"135-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transformer-Based Approaches for Legal Text Processing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2794-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ha-Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh-Phuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi-Hai-Yen","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh-Quan","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh-Chau","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran-Binh","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le-Minh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"102_CR1","unstructured":"Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., & Polosukhin, I. (2017). Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems, pp. 5998\u20136008."},{"key":"102_CR2","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. Proceedings of NAACL-HLT, pp. 4171\u20134186."},{"key":"102_CR3","unstructured":"Lan, Z., Chen, M., Goodman, S., Gimpel, K., Sharma, P., & Soricut, R. (2020). Albert: A lite bert for self-supervised learning of language representations. International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"102_CR4","unstructured":"Clark, K., Luong, M.-T., Le, Q. V, & Manning, C. D. (2020). Electra: Pre-training text encoders as discriminators rather than generators. International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"102_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis, M., Liu, Y., Goyal, N., Ghazvininejad, M., Mohamed, A., Levy, O., Stoyanov, V., & Zettlemoyer, L. (2019). Bart: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 7871\u20137880.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.703"},{"issue":"8","key":"102_CR6","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"A Radford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Radford, A., Jeffrey, W., Child, R., Luan, D., Amodei, D., & Sutskever, I. (2019). Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. OpenAI Blog, 1(8), 9.","journal-title":"OpenAI Blog"},{"key":"102_CR7","unstructured":"Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A. et al. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1877\u20131901."},{"key":"102_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-021-09295-3","author":"R Kowalski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kowalski, R., & Datoo, A. (2021). Logical English meets legal English for swaps and derivatives. Artificial Intelligence and Law. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-021-09295-3.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"102_CR9","first-page":"153","volume-title":"JSAI international symposium on artificial intelligence","author":"K Satoh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Satoh, K., Asai, K., Kogawa, T., Kubota, M., Nakamura, M., Nishigai, Y., et al. (2010). Proleg: an implementation of the presupposed ultimate fact theory of Japanese civil code by prolog technology. JSAI international symposium on artificial intelligence (pp. 153\u2013164). Berlin: Springer."},{"issue":"1","key":"102_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0271(71)90024-6","volume":"7","author":"WS Cooper","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cooper, W. S. (1971). A definition of relevance for information retrieval. Information Storage and Retrieval, 7(1), 19\u201337.","journal-title":"Information Storage and Retrieval"},{"issue":"4","key":"102_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.14.0309","volume":"1","author":"PL Hans","year":"1957","unstructured":"Hans, P. L. (1957). A statistical approach to mechanized encoding and searching of literary information. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1(4), 309\u2013317.","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"102_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(88)90021-0","volume":"24","author":"G Salton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Salton, G., & Buckley, C. (1988). Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval. Information Processing Management, 24(5), 513\u2013523.","journal-title":"Information Processing Management"},{"key":"102_CR13","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Science and information conference","author":"K Sugathadasa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sugathadasa, K., Ayesha, B., de Silva, N., Perera, A. S., & Jayawardana, V. (2018). Legal document retrieval using document vector embeddings and deep learning. In L. Dimuthu & P. Madhavi (Eds.), Science and information conference (pp. 160\u2013175). Springer."},{"key":"102_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kien, P.\u00a0M., Nguyen, H.-T., Bach, N.\u00a0X., Tran, V., Nguyen, M.\u00a0L., & Phuong, T.\u00a0M. (2020). Answering legal questions by learning neural attentive text representation. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. International Committee on Computational Linguistics, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 988\u2013998.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.86"},{"key":"102_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran, V., Nguyen, M.\u00a0L., & Satoh, K. (2019). Building legal case retrieval systems with lexical matching and summarization using a pre-trained phrase scoring model. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, pp. 275\u2013282.","DOI":"10.1145\/3322640.3326740"},{"key":"102_CR16","first-page":"290","volume":"19","author":"J Rabelo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rabelo, J., Kim, M.-Y., & Goebel, R. (2019). Combining similarity and transformer methods for case law entailment. Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 19, 290\u2013296.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"102_CR17","unstructured":"Nguyen, H.-T., Vuong, H.-Y. T., Nguyen, . M., Dang, B. T., Bui, Q. M., Vu, S. T., Nguyen, C. M., Tran, V., Satoh, K., & Nguyen, M. L. (2020). Jnlp team: Deep learning for legal processing in coliee 2020. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Juris-Informatics, pp. 195\u2013208."},{"key":"102_CR18","unstructured":"Dang, T.B., Nguyen, T., & Nguyen, L. M. (2019). An approach to statute law retrieval task in coliee-2019. Proceedings of the 6th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE."},{"key":"102_CR19","unstructured":"Wehnert, S., Hoque, S.A., Fenske, W., & Saake, G. (2019). Threshold-based retrieval and textual entailment detection on legal bar exam questions. Proceedings of the 6th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE."},{"key":"102_CR20","unstructured":"Gain, B., Bandyopadhyay, D., Saikh, T., & Ekbal, A. (2019). Iitp@coliee 2019: Legal information retrieval using bm25 and bert. Proceedings of the 6th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE."},{"key":"102_CR21","unstructured":"Hayashi, R., & Kano, Y. (2019). Searching relevant articles for legal bar exam by doc2vec and tf-idf. Proceedings of the 6th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE."},{"key":"102_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoshino, R., Kiyota, N., & Kano, Y. (2019). Question answering system for legal bar examination using predicate argument structures focusing on exceptions. Proceedings of the 6th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31605-1_16"},{"key":"102_CR23","unstructured":"Hudzina, J., Vacek, T., Madan, K., Tonya, C., & Schilder, F. (2019). Statutory entailment using similarity features and decomposable attention models. Proceedings of the 6th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE."},{"key":"102_CR24","unstructured":"Nguyen, H. T., Tran, V., & Nguyen, L. M. (2019). A deep learning approach for statute law entailment task in coliee-2019. Proceedings of the 6th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE."},{"issue":"2","key":"102_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-013-0706-y","volume":"42","author":"I Triguero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Triguero, I., Garc\u00eda, S., & Herrera, F. (2015). Self-labeled techniques for semi-supervised learning: taxonomy, software and empirical study. Knowledge and Information Systems, 42(2), 245\u2013284.","journal-title":"Knowledge and Information Systems"},{"key":"102_CR26","unstructured":"Nguyen, H.-T., Tran, V., Nguyen, P. M., Vuong, T.-H.-Y., Bui, Q. M., Nguyen, C. M., Dang, B. T., Nguyen, M. L., & Satoh, K. (2021). Paralaw nets\u2013cross-lingual sentence-level pretraining for legal text processing. Proceedings of the 8th Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment. COLIEE."},{"key":"102_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conneau, A., Khandelwal, K., Goyal, N., Chaudhary, V., Wenzek, G., Guzm\u00e1n, F., Grave, E., Ott, M., Zettlemoyer, L. & Stoyanov, V. (2019). Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 8440\u20138451.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.747"}],"container-title":["The Review of Socionetwork Strategies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12626-022-00102-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12626-022-00102-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12626-022-00102-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T04:04:13Z","timestamp":1650773053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12626-022-00102-2"}},"subtitle":["JNLP Team - COLIEE 2021"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12626-022-00102-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2523-3173","1867-3236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2523-3173","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-3236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}