{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:48:45Z","timestamp":1773488925602,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005781","name":"Koneen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["700153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["700153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002666","name":"Aalto University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Socionetwork Strat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper discusses how innovations in public sector AI-based services must comply with the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) regulatory frameworks while enabling experimentation and participation of diverse stakeholders throughout the <jats:italic>Artificial Intelligence (AI) lifecycle<\/jats:italic>. The paper examines the implications of the emerging regulation, <jats:italic>AI regulatory sandboxes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Machine Learning Operations<\/jats:italic> (MLOps) as tools that facilitate compliance while enabling co-learning and active participation of multiple stakeholders. We propose a framework that fosters experimentation with automation pipelines and continuous monitoring for the deployment of future public sector AI-based services in a regulatory-compliant and technically innovative manner. AI regulatory sandboxes can be beneficial as a space for contained experimentation that goes beyond regulatory considerations to specific experimentation with the implementation of ML frameworks. While the paper presents a framework based on emerging regulations, tools and practices pertaining to the responsible use of AI, this must be validated through pilot experimentation with public and private stakeholders and regulators in different areas of high-risk AI-based services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12626-023-00146-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T09:02:05Z","timestamp":1692349325000},"page":"297-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Role of Regulatory Sandboxes and MLOps for AI-Enabled Public Sector Services"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2793-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Gonzalez Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8088-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitin","family":"Sawhney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-020-00434-3.","volume":"33","author":"L Floridi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Floridi, L. (2020). Artificial intelligence as a public service: learning from Amsterdam and Helsinki. Philosophy and Technology, 33(4), 541\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-020-00434-3.","journal-title":"Philosophy and Technology"},{"key":"146_CR2","unstructured":"Ruckenstein, M., Lomborg, S., & Hansen, S. S. (2020). Re-humanising automated decision-making. Workshop report from the ADM: Nordic Perspectives research network."},{"key":"146_CR3","unstructured":"Haataja, M., van de Fliert, L., & Rautio, P. (2020). Public AI Registers. Realising AI transparency and civic participation in government use of AI. Whitepaper."},{"key":"146_CR4","unstructured":"AI High Leven Expert Group. (2019). Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI | Shaping Europe\u2019s digital future. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai."},{"key":"146_CR5","volume-title":"AI Watch, road to the adoption of Artificial Intelligence by the public sector: A handbook for policymakers, public administrations and relevant stakeholders","author":"European Commission. Joint Research Centre","year":"2022","unstructured":"European Commission. Joint Research Centre. (2022). AI Watch, road to the adoption of Artificial Intelligence by the public sector: A handbook for policymakers, public administrations and relevant stakeholders. Publications Office."},{"key":"146_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2760\/158709","volume-title":"Leveraging the power of location information and technologies to improve public services at the local level: State of the art report","author":"European Commission","year":"2021","unstructured":"European Commission. (2021). Leveraging the power of location information and technologies to improve public services at the local level: State of the art report. Publications Office EU Joint Research Centre. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2760\/158709."},{"key":"146_CR7","volume-title":"AI now report 2018","author":"M Whittaker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whittaker, M., Crawford, K., Dobbe, R., Fried, G., Kaziunas, E., Mathur, V., Myers West, S., Richardson, R., Schultz, J., & Schwartz, O. (2018). AI now report 2018. The AI Now Institute."},{"key":"146_CR8","volume-title":"Automating society 2020","author":"F Chiusi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiusi, F., Fischer, S., Kayser-Bril, N., & Spielkamp, M. (2020). Automating society 2020. Algorithm Watch."},{"issue":"7","key":"146_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1080\/01900692.2018.1498103","volume":"42","author":"BW Wirtz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Geyer, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector\u2014Applications and Challenges. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 596\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01900692.2018.1498103.","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Administration"},{"issue":"2","key":"146_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2018.10.001","volume":"36","author":"A Androutsopoulou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Androutsopoulou, A., Karacapilidis, N., Loukis, E., & Charalabidis, Y. (2019). Transforming the communication between citizens and government through AI-guided chatbots. Government Information Quarterly, 36(2), 358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.giq.2018.10.001.","journal-title":"Government Information Quarterly"},{"key":"146_CR11","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Data feminism","author":"C D\u2019Ignazio","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u2019Ignazio, C., & Klein, L. (2021). Data feminism (p. 328). MIT Press."},{"key":"146_CR12","unstructured":"Angwin, J., Larson, J., Mattu, S., & Kirchner, L. (2023). Machine Bias. ProPublica. Retrieved March 3, 2023. https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing."},{"key":"146_CR13","unstructured":"Parr, T. (2022). An audit of algorithms Nine algorithms used by the Dutch government. Netherlands Court of Audit."},{"issue":"2","key":"146_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1108\/AAAJ-02-2022-5666","volume":"36","author":"M Nikidehaghani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nikidehaghani, M., Andrew, J., & Cortese, C. (2022). Algorithmic accountability: Robodebt and the making of welfare cheats. Accounting Auditing and Accountability Journal, 36(2), 677\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/AAAJ-02-2022-5666.","journal-title":"Accounting Auditing and Accountability Journal"},{"key":"146_CR15","unstructured":"European Commission. (2021). Proposal for a regulation of the European parliament and of the council. Laying down Harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and Amending Certain Union Legislative Acts. No. COM (2021) 206 final (2021). https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206."},{"key":"146_CR16","unstructured":"OECD. (2021). Artificial intelligence: regulation can support innovation. Organisation for economic co-operation and development. https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/science-and-technology\/artificial-intelligence-regulation-can-support-innovation_f7fe0e1d-en."},{"key":"146_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01502-2","author":"N Sawhney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sawhney, N. (2022). Contestations in urban mobility: rights, risks, and responsibilities for urban AI. AI and Society. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-022-01502-2.","journal-title":"AI and SOCIETY"},{"key":"146_CR17","unstructured":"European Parliament. (2023). Draft compromise amendments on the draft report. Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain Union Legislative Acts (COM(2021)0206\u2014C9 0146\/2021\u20142021\/0106(COD)). https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2014_2019\/plmrep\/COMMITTEES\/CJ40\/DV\/2023\/05-11\/ConsolidatedCA_IMCOLIBE_AI_ACT_EN.pdf."},{"key":"146_CR18","unstructured":"European Commission. (2021). Annex III, High-Risk AI Systems referred to in Article 6(2), in annexes to the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council."},{"key":"146_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2205.10785","author":"V Dignum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dignum, V. (2022). Responsible artificial intelligence\u2014from principles to practice. arXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2205.10785.","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"146_CR21","unstructured":"European Parliament Research Service (EPRS). (2020). Artificial intelligence: From ethics to policy (Study Panel for the Future of Science and Technology PE 641.507)."},{"key":"146_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3064761","author":"F Doshi-Velez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doshi-Velez, F., Kortz, M., Budish, R., Bavitz, C., Gershman, S. J., O\u2019Brien, D., Shieber, S., Waldo, J., Weinberger, D., & Wood, A. (2017). Accountability of AI under the law: the role of explanation. SSRN Electronic Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3064761.","journal-title":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},{"key":"146_CR28","unstructured":"Kyt\u00f6, N. (Forthcoming). Helsinki ML Ops. Machine Learning for City Services. Forthcoming White Paper, City of Helsinki."},{"key":"146_CR23","unstructured":"Ojanen, A., Bj\u00f6rk, A., Mikkonen, J., & Helsinki, D. (2022). Promoting equality in the use of Artificial Intelligence\u2014an assessment framework for non-discriminatory AI. Policy Brief 2022:25. https:\/\/demoshelsinki.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/promoting-equality-AI-2022.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"146_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.9785\/cri-2021-220402","volume":"22","author":"M Veale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veale, M., & Borgesius, F. Z. (2021). Demystifying the draft EU artificial intelligence Act. Computer Law Review International, 22(4), 97\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9785\/cri-2021-220402.","journal-title":"Computer Law Review International"},{"key":"146_CR25","unstructured":"Madiega, T., & Van De Pol, A. L. (2022). Artificial intelligence act and regulatory sandboxes (Briefing PE 733.544). European Parliament."},{"key":"146_CR35","unstructured":"Ty\u00f6- ja elinkeinoministeri\u00f6n julkaisuja. (2022). Innovaatiomy\u00f6nteisen s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyn k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6t kasvualoilla. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/tem.fi\/innovaatiomyonteinen-saantely."},{"issue":"6","key":"146_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2022.100489","volume":"3","author":"D De Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Silva, D., & Alahakoon, D. (2022). An artificial intelligence life cycle: From conception to production. Patterns, 3(6), 100489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patter.2022.100489.","journal-title":"Patterns"},{"key":"146_CR27","unstructured":"Visengeriyeva, L., Kammer, A., B\u00e4r, I., Kniesz, A., Pl\u00f6d, M., Machine learning operations. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/ml-ops.org\/."},{"key":"146_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ranawana, R., & Karunananda, A. S. (2021). An Agile Software Development Life Cycle Model for Machine Learning Application Development. 2021 5th SLAAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SLAAI-ICAI), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SLAAI-ICAI54477.2021.9664736.","DOI":"10.1109\/SLAAI-ICAI54477.2021.9664736"},{"key":"146_CR29","unstructured":"Bettinger, K., Ziskind, J., & L\u00e4hteenoja, V. (2021). Empowered data societies: A human-centric approach to data relationships. White Paper. World Economic Forum. https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/whitepapers\/empowered-data-societies-a-human-centric-approach-to-data-relationships\/."},{"key":"146_CR30","unstructured":"Amnesty International. (2021). Dutch childcare benefit scandal an urgent wake-up call to ban racist algorithms. Amnesty International. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2021\/10\/xenophobic-machines-dutch-child-benefit-scandal\/."},{"key":"146_CR31","unstructured":"Engler, A., & Renda, A. (2022). Reconciling the AI Value Chain with the EU\u2019s Artificial Intelligence Act. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). https:\/\/www.ceps.eu\/ceps-publications\/reconciling-the-ai-value-chain-with-the-eus-artificial-intelligence-act\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"146_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.14807\/ijmp.v11i9.1400","volume":"11","author":"A P\u016brait\u0117","year":"2020","unstructured":"P\u016brait\u0117, A., Zuzevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, V., Bereikien\u0117, D., Skrypko, T., & Shmorgun, L. (2020). Algorithmic governance in public sector: Is digitization a key to effective management. Independent Journal of Management and Production, 11(9), 2149\u20132170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14807\/ijmp.v11i9.1400.","journal-title":"Independent Journal of Management and Production"},{"key":"146_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-022-09601-5","author":"V Stirbu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stirbu, V., Granlund, T., & Mikkonen, T. (2022). Continuous design control for machine learning in certified medical systems. Software Quality Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11219-022-09601-5.","journal-title":"Software Quality Journal"},{"key":"146_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pechtor, V., & Basl, J. (2022). Analysis of suitable frameworks for artificial intelligence adoption in the public sector. Digitalization of Society, business and management in a pandemic. 30th Interdisciplinary Information Management Talk. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35011\/IDIMT-2022-67.","DOI":"10.35011\/IDIMT-2022-67"},{"key":"146_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3839744","author":"S Ranchordas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ranchordas, S. (2021). Experimental regulations for AI: sandboxes for morals and mores (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 3839744). SSRN Electronic Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3839744.","journal-title":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},{"key":"146_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4027875","author":"D Leslie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leslie, D., Burr, C., Aitken, M., Katell, M., Briggs, M., & Rincon, C. (2021). Human rights, democracy, and the rule of law assurance framework for AI systems: A proposal. Alan Turing Institute. SSRN Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4027875.","journal-title":"SSRN Journal"},{"key":"146_CR38","unstructured":"Armstrong, H., Gorst, C., & Rae, J. (2019). Renewing regulation. \u2018Anticipatory regulation\u2019 in an age of disruption. Nesta. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/www.nesta.org.uk\/report\/renewing-regulation-anticipatory-regulation-in-an-age-of-disruption\/."},{"key":"146_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schaefer, C., Lemmer, K., Kret, K. S., Ylinen, M., Mikalef, P., & Niehaves, B. (2021). Truth or dare?\u2014How can we influence the adoption of artificial intelligence in municipalities?. In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2347\u20132356). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24251\/hicss.2021.286.","DOI":"10.24251\/hicss.2021.286"},{"key":"146_CR40","unstructured":"Council of the European Union. (2020). Regulatory sandboxes and experimentation clauses as tools for better regulation: Council adopts conclusions. https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2020\/11\/16\/regulatory-sandboxes-and-experimentation-clauses-as-tools-for-better-regulation-council-adopts-conclusions\/."},{"key":"146_CR55","unstructured":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). (2019). Making space for innovation. The handbook for regulatory sandboxes. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/vdocuments.net\/making-space-for-innovation-bmwi.html."},{"key":"146_CR41","unstructured":"Bauknecht, D., Heyen, D., Gailhofer, P., Bizer, K., Feser, D., F\u00fchr, M., Winkler-Portmann, S., Bischoff, T., & Proeger, T. (2021). How to design and evaluate a Regulatory Experiment? A Guide for Public Administrations. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/reragi.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/04\/regulatory_experiments-guide_for_public_administrations.pdf."},{"key":"146_CR42","unstructured":"Opinion of Advocate General Maduro in Arcelor Atlantique case (C-127\/07, EU:C:2008:728). (2017). Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf?docid=188755&doclang=EN."},{"key":"146_CR44","unstructured":"Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). (2015). Regulatory sandbox."},{"issue":"2","key":"146_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1017\/err.2021.52","volume":"13","author":"J Truby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Truby, J., Brown, R. D., Ibrahim, I. A., & Parellada, O. C. (2022). A Sandbox approach to regulating high-risk artificial intelligence applications. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 13(2), 270\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/err.2021.52.","journal-title":"European Journal of Risk Regulation"},{"key":"146_CR46","unstructured":"Nuno, N., De Andrade, G., & Zarra, A. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Act: A Policy Prototyping Experiment. Operationalizing the Requirements for AI Systems\u2014Part I. Open Loop. Retrieved 26, 2013, from https:\/\/openloop.org\/news\/open-loop-report-artificial-intelligence-act-a-policy-prototyping-experiment\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"146_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/jfr\/fjaa004","volume":"6","author":"ST Omarova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omarova, S. T. (2020). Technology v technocracy: Fintech as a regulatory challenge. Journal of Financial Regulation, 6(1), 75\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jfr\/fjaa004.","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Regulation"},{"key":"146_CR43","unstructured":"UNSGSA FinTech Working Group and CCAF. (2019). Early Lessons on Regulatory Innovations to Enable Inclusive FinTech: Innovation Offices, Regulatory Sandboxes, and RegTech. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/www.unsgsa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources-files\/2020-09\/UNSGSA_Report_2019_Final-compressed.pdf."},{"key":"146_CR48","unstructured":"Hellsten, J. (2021). A place of growth. Helsinki City Strategy 2021\u20132025. City of Helsinki. https:\/\/www.hel.fi\/static\/kanslia\/Julkaisut\/2021\/helsinki-city-strategy-2021-2025.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"146_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1017\/err.2020.8","volume":"11","author":"WG Ringe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ringe, W. G., & Ruof, C. (2020). Regulating fintech in the EU: The case for a guided sandbox. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 11(3), 604\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/err.2020.8.","journal-title":"European Journal of Risk Regulation"},{"key":"146_CR52","unstructured":"GitHub, continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI\/CD) Fundamentals. GitHub Resources. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/resources.github.com\/ci-cd\/."},{"key":"146_CR51","unstructured":"Souris, H., Gro\u00dfmann, J., Himberg, J., Heikki, I., & Knoblauch, D. (2023). Initial MLOps methodology and the architecture of the IML4E framework. Silo AI. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/iml4e.org\/85e3ef5b3db3736f."},{"issue":"5","key":"146_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00726-1","volume":"2","author":"T Granlund","year":"2021","unstructured":"Granlund, T., Stirbu, V., & Mikkonen, T. (2021). Towards Regulatory-compliant MLOps: Oravizio\u2019s journey from a machine learning experiment to a deployed certified medical product. SN Computer Science, 2(5), 342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-021-00726-1.","journal-title":"SN Computer Science"},{"key":"146_CR54","unstructured":"Council of the European Union. (2022). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain Union legislative acts\u2014General approach."},{"key":"146_CR59","unstructured":"Mehr, H. (2017). Artificial Intelligence for Citizen Services and Government. Harvard Kennedy School. ASH Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/ash.harvard.edu\/files\/ash\/files\/artificial_intelligence_for_citizen_services.pdf."},{"key":"146_CR56","unstructured":"Ley 7\/2020, de 13 de noviembre, para la transformaci\u00f3n digital del sistema financiero. Jefatura del Estado. BOE-A-2020-14205. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from https:\/\/www.boe.es\/eli\/es\/l\/2020\/11\/13\/7."},{"key":"146_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitchell, M., Wu, S., Zaldivar, A., Barnes, P., Vasserman, L., Hutchinson, B., Spitzer, E., Raji, I. D., & Gebru, T. (2019). Model Cards for Model Reporting. In Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 220\u2013229). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3287560.3287596.","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287596"},{"key":"146_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao, Q. V., Gruen, D., & Miller, S. (2020). Questioning the AI: Informing design practices for explainable AI user experiences. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1\u201315). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376590.","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376590"}],"container-title":["The Review of Socionetwork Strategies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12626-023-00146-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12626-023-00146-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12626-023-00146-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T07:35:44Z","timestamp":1698392144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12626-023-00146-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12626-023-00146-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2523-3173","1867-3236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2523-3173","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-3236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"On behalf of the authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}