{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:40:18Z","timestamp":1776739218159,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014424","name":"Meiji University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Socionetwork Strat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It has been shown that employees with high affective commitment promote organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) even in the presence of organizational constraint factors, meaning it is necessary to investigate organizational constraint factors\u2019 impact on Japanese employees during a pandemic. As such, this study investigates how the rapid digital transformation and widespread adoption of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced OCB among employees. Drawing on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with Japanese workers, we explore the nuanced ways in which virtual communication, visibility of effort, and informal support systems have reshaped interpersonal dynamics and discretionary workplace behaviors. Our findings reveal that, while remote work environments can hinder spontaneous acts of citizenship due to reduced physical proximity and visibility, they also foster new forms of digital support and initiative-taking. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting culturally specific expressions of OCB in Japan and offering practical implications for organizational leaders seeking to sustain employee engagement in hybrid or remote settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12626-026-00206-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T02:18:49Z","timestamp":1772590729000},"page":"143-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Digitalized Operations During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7891-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masako","family":"Asai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aki","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"206_CR1","unstructured":"Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior, (Ueda, Y. (Trans.) (2007). Soshiki Shimin Koudou, Hakutou shobou (Japanese)."},{"issue":"3","key":"206_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700305","volume":"17","author":"LJ Williams","year":"1991","unstructured":"Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014920639101700305","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"206_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/1048-9843(90)90009-7","volume":"1","author":"PM Podsakoff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers\u2019 trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/1048-9843(90)90009-7","journal-title":"The Leadership Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"206_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.32222\/jaiop.23.1_43","volume":"23","author":"K Takaishi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takaishi, K., & Furukawa, H. (2009). Keiei-Kakushin Koudou ni kansuru kenkyuu -shokumu jiritsusei no eikyou katei ni tuite-. Sangyo Soshiki Shinrigaku Kenkyu, 23(1), 43\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32222\/jaiop.23.1_43 (Japanese).","journal-title":"Sangyo Soshiki Shinrigaku Kenkyu"},{"issue":"2","key":"206_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.32222\/jaiop.15.2_77","volume":"15","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tanaka, K. (2002). Nihonban Soshikishimin-koudou shakudo no kenkyuu. Sangyo Soshiki Shinrigaku Kenkyu, 15(2), 77\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32222\/jaiop.15.2_77 (Japanese).","journal-title":"Sangyo Soshiki Shinrigaku Kenkyu"},{"issue":"3","key":"206_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/014920630002600307","volume":"26","author":"PM Podsakoff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014920630002600307","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"206_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.5465\/30040663","volume":"46","author":"GS Van Der Vegt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Der Vegt, G. S., Van De Vliert, E., & Oosterhof, A. (2003). 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